大文件分片上传、断点续传、秒传

小文件上传

后端:SpringBoot+JDK17

前端:JavaScript+spark+md5.min.js

一、依赖

xml 复制代码
<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.2</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>uploadDemo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>uploadDemo</name>
<description>uploadDemo</description>
<properties>
    <java.version>17</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

二、业务代码

java 复制代码
@RestController
public class UploadController{
	
	//上传路径
	public static final String UPLOAD_PATH = "D:\\upload";

	@RequestMapping("/upload")
	public ResponseEntity<Map<String,String>> upload(@RequestParam MultipartFile file) throws IOException {
		
		File dstFile = new File(UPLOAD_PATH,String.format("%s.%s", UUID.randomUUID(), StringUtils.getFilename(file.getOriginalFilename())));
		file.transferTo(dstFile);
		return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of("path",dstFile.getAbsolutePath()));
	}
}

三、前端显示

html 复制代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>upload</title>
</head>
<body>
upload

<form enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="file" name="fileInput" id="fileInput">
    <input type="button" value="上传" onclick="uploadFile()">
</form>

上传结果
<span id="uploadResult"></span>

<script>
    var  uploadResult=document.getElementById("uploadResult")
    function uploadFile() {
        var fileInput = document.getElementById('fileInput');
        var file = fileInput.files[0];
        if (!file) return; // 没有选择文件

        var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
        // 处理上传进度
        xhr.upload.onprogress = function(event) {
            var percent = 100 * event.loaded / event.total;
            uploadResult.innerHTML='上传进度:' + percent + '%';
        };
        // 当上传完成时调用
        xhr.onload = function() {
            if (xhr.status === 200) {
                uploadResult.innerHTML='上传成功'+ xhr.responseText;
            }
        }
        xhr.onerror = function() {
            uploadResult.innerHTML='上传失败';
        }
        // 发送请求
        xhr.open('POST', '/upload', true);
        var formData = new FormData();
        formData.append('file', file);
        xhr.send(formData);
    }
</script>

</body>
</html>

【注意事项】

在上传过程会报文件大小限制错误,主要有三个参数需要设置:

bash 复制代码
org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.impl.SizeLimitExceededException: the request was rejected because its size (46302921) exceeds the configured maximum (10485760)

需在springboot的application.properties 或者application.yml中添加:

max-file-size

max-request-size

默认大小分别是1M和10M,因此需要重新设定

bash 复制代码
spring.servlet.multipart.max-file-size=1024MB  
spring.servlet.multipart.max-request-size=1024MB

如果使用nginx报 413状态码413 Request Entity Too Large,Nginx默认最大上传1MB文件,需要在nginx.conf配置文件中的 http{ }添加配置项:client_max_body_size 1024m

大文件上传


一、前端分片

计算文件MD5值用了spark-md5这个库

因为文件在传输写入过程中可能会出现错误,导致最终合成的文件可能和原文件不一样,所以要对比一下前端计算的MD5和后端计算的MD5是不是一样,保证上传数据的一致性

html 复制代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>分片上传</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/spark-md5/3.0.2/spark-md5.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
分片上传

<form enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="file" name="fileInput" id="fileInput">
    <input type="button" value="计算文件MD5" onclick="calculateFileMD5()">
    <input type="button" value="上传" onclick="uploadFile()">
    <input type="button" value="检测文件完整性" onclick="checkFile()">
</form>

<p>
    文件MD5:
    <span id="fileMd5"></span>
</p>
<p>
    上传结果:
    <span id="uploadResult"></span>
</p>
<p>
    检测文件完整性:
    <span id="checkFileRes"></span>
</p>


<script>
    //每片的大小
    var chunkSize = 1 * 1024 * 1024;
    var uploadResult = document.getElementById("uploadResult")
    var fileMd5Span = document.getElementById("fileMd5")
    var checkFileRes = document.getElementById("checkFileRes")
    var  fileMd5;


    function  calculateFileMD5(){
        var fileInput = document.getElementById('fileInput');
        var file = fileInput.files[0];
        getFileMd5(file).then((md5) => {
            console.info(md5)
            fileMd5=md5;
            fileMd5Span.innerHTML=md5;
        })
    }

    function uploadFile() {
        var fileInput = document.getElementById('fileInput');
        var file = fileInput.files[0];
        if (!file) return;
        if (!fileMd5) return;


        //获取到文件
        let fileArr = this.sliceFile(file);
        //保存文件名称
        let fileName = file.name;

        fileArr.forEach((e, i) => {
            //创建formdata对象
            let data = new FormData();
            data.append("totalNumber", fileArr.length)
            data.append("chunkSize", chunkSize)
            data.append("chunkNumber", i)
            data.append("md5", fileMd5)
            data.append("file", new File([e],fileName));
            upload(data);
        })


    }

    /**
     * 计算文件md5值
     */
    function getFileMd5(file) {
        return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
            let fileReader = new FileReader()
            fileReader.onload = function (event) {
                let fileMd5 = SparkMD5.ArrayBuffer.hash(event.target.result)
                resolve(fileMd5)
            }
            fileReader.readAsArrayBuffer(file)
        })
    }


   function upload(data) {
       var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
       // 当上传完成时调用
       xhr.onload = function () {
           if (xhr.status === 200) {
               uploadResult.append( '上传成功分片:' +data.get("chunkNumber")+'\t' ) ;
           }
       }
       xhr.onerror = function () {
           uploadResult.innerHTML = '上传失败';
       }
       // 发送请求
       xhr.open('POST', '/uploadBig', true);
       xhr.send(data);
    }

    function checkFile() {
        var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
        // 当上传完成时调用
        xhr.onload = function () {
            if (xhr.status === 200) {
                checkFileRes.innerHTML = '检测文件完整性成功:' + xhr.responseText;
            }
        }
        xhr.onerror = function () {
            checkFileRes.innerHTML = '检测文件完整性失败';
        }
        // 发送请求
        xhr.open('POST', '/checkFile', true);
        let data = new FormData();
        data.append("md5", fileMd5)
        xhr.send(data);
    }

    function sliceFile(file) {
        const chunks = [];
        let start = 0;
        let end;
        while (start < file.size) {
            end = Math.min(start + chunkSize, file.size);
            chunks.push(file.slice(start, end));
            start = end;
        }
        return chunks;
    }

</script>

</body>
</html>

二、后端

两个接口/uploadBig用于每一片文件的上传和/checkFile检测文件的MD5

java 复制代码
FileChannel fileChannel = randomAccessFile.getChannel();  
MappedByteBuffer mappedByteBuffer = fileChannel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, chunkNumber * chunkSize, fileData.length);  
mappedByteBuffer.put(fileData);
java 复制代码
@RestController
public class UploadController {

    public static final String UPLOAD_PATH = "D:\\upload\\";

    /**
     * @param chunkSize   每个分片大小
     * @param chunkNumber 当前分片
     * @param md5         文件总MD5
     * @param file        当前分片文件数据
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @RequestMapping("/uploadBig")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> uploadBig(@RequestParam Long chunkSize, @RequestParam Integer totalNumber, @RequestParam Long chunkNumber, @RequestParam String md5, @RequestParam MultipartFile file) throws IOException {
        //文件存放位置
        String dstFile = String.format("%s\\%s\\%s.%s", UPLOAD_PATH, md5, md5, StringUtils.getFilenameExtension(file.getOriginalFilename()));
        //上传分片信息存放位置
        String confFile = String.format("%s\\%s\\%s.conf", UPLOAD_PATH, md5, md5);
        //第一次创建分片记录文件
        //创建目录
        File dir = new File(dstFile).getParentFile();
        if (!dir.exists()) {
            dir.mkdir();
            //所有分片状态设置为0
            byte[] bytes = new byte[totalNumber];
            Files.write(Path.of(confFile), bytes);
        }
        //随机分片写入文件
        try (RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile = new RandomAccessFile(dstFile, "rw");
             RandomAccessFile randomAccessConfFile = new RandomAccessFile(confFile, "rw");
             InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream()) {
            //定位到该分片的偏移量(可以将光标移到文件指定位置开始写数据,每一个文件每将上传分片编号chunkNumber都是不一样的,所以各自写自己文件块,多线程写同一个文件不会出现线程安全问题)
            randomAccessFile.seek(chunkNumber * chunkSize);
            //写入该分片数据大文件写入时用RandomAccessFile可能比较慢,可以使用MappedByteBuffer内存映射来加速大文件写入,不过使用MappedByteBuffer如果要删除文件可能会存在删除不掉,因为删除了磁盘上的文件,内存的文件还是存在的
            randomAccessFile.write(inputStream.readAllBytes());
            //定位到当前分片状态位置
            randomAccessConfFile.seek(chunkNumber);
            //设置当前分片上传状态为1
            randomAccessConfFile.write(1);
        }
        return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of("path", dstFile));
    }


    /**
     * 获取文件分片状态,检测文件MD5合法性
     *
     * @param md5
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @RequestMapping("/checkFile")
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> uploadBig(@RequestParam String md5) throws Exception {
        String uploadPath = String.format("%s\\%s\\%s.conf", UPLOAD_PATH, md5, md5);
        Path path = Path.of(uploadPath);
        //MD5目录不存在文件从未上传过
        if (!Files.exists(path.getParent())) {
            return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of("msg", "文件未上传"));
        }
        //判断文件是否上传成功
        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(path);
        for (byte b : bytes) {
            stringBuilder.append(String.valueOf(b));
        }
        //所有分片上传完成计算文件MD5
        if (!stringBuilder.toString().contains("0")) {
            File file = new File(String.format("%s\\%s\\", UPLOAD_PATH, md5));
            File[] files = file.listFiles();
            String filePath = "";
            for (File f : files) {
                //计算文件MD5是否相等
                if (!f.getName().contains("conf")) {
                    filePath = f.getAbsolutePath();
                    try (InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(f)) {
                        String md5pwd = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(inputStream);
                        if (!md5pwd.equalsIgnoreCase(md5)) {
                            return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of("msg", "文件上传失败"));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of("path", filePath));
        } else {
            //文件未上传完成,反回每个分片状态,前端将未上传的分片继续上传
            return ResponseEntity.ok(Map.of("chucks", stringBuilder.toString()));
        }

    }
    
}

断点续传


用/checkFile接口,文件里如果有未完成上传的分片,接口返回chunks字段对就的位置值为0,前端将未上传的分片继续上传,完成后再调用/checkFile就完成了断点续传

秒传

只要修改前端代码流程就好了,比如张三上传了一个文件,然后李四又上传了同样内容的文件,同一文件的MD5值可以认为是一样的(虽然会存在不同文件的MD5一样,不过概率很小,可以认为MD5一样文件就是一样)李四调用/checkFile接口后,后端直接返回了李四上传的文件路径,李四就完成了秒传。大部分云盘秒传的思路应该也是这样,只不过计算文件HASH算法更为复杂,返回给用户文件路径也更为安全,要防止被别人算出文件路径了