1.Ansible facts
facts是一个用于采集被管理机器设备信息的一个组件，我们可以使用setup模块查机器的所有facts信息，可以使用filter来查看指定信息。
[root@ansible01 ~]# ansible 11.0.1.19 -m setup
11.0.1.19 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"11.0.1.19"
],
"ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
"fe80::20c:29ff:feaf:86c8"
],
"ansible_apparmor": {
"status": "disabled"
},
"ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
"ansible_bios_date": "11/12/2020",
"ansible_bios_version": "6.00",
"ansible_cmdline": {
"BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64",
"LANG": "en_US.UTF-8",
"crashkernel": "auto",
"quiet": true,
"rhgb": true,
"ro": true,
"root": "UUID=c058400b-3be7-4902-ba95-8c08abf428ba"
},
"ansible_date_time": {
"date": "2024-04-21",
"day": "21",
"epoch": "1713751417",
"hour": "19",
"iso8601": "2024-04-22T02:03:37Z",
"iso8601_basic": "20240421T190337661048",
"iso8601_basic_short": "20240421T190337",
"iso8601_micro": "2024-04-22T02:03:37.661048Z",
"minute": "03",
"month": "04",
"second": "37",
"time": "19:03:37",
"tz": "PDT",
"tz_offset": "-0700",
"weekday": "星期日",
"weekday_number": "0",
"weeknumber": "16",
"year": "2024"
......
运行facter模块来查看facter信息：
[root@ansible01 ~]# ansible 11.0.1.19 -m facter
11.0.1.19 | FAILED! => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"cmd": "--json",
"msg": "[Errno 2] 没有那个文件或目录",
"rc": 2
}
报错是因为被管节点没有安装facter的包，我们先去被管节点安装在执行ansible 11.0.1.19 -m facter：
#1.在11.0.1.19被管控机上安装facter
[root@ansible02 ~]# yum install -y facter.x86_64
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
rhel-7-server-rpms | 3.5 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:01
(2/4): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 7.0 MB 00:00:06
(3/4): rhel-7-server-rpms/7Server/x86_64/updateinfo | 4.3 MB 00:00:16
(4/4): rhel-7-server-rpms/7Server/x86_64/primary_db | 95 MB 00:01:39
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package facter.x86_64 0:2.4.1-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: /usr/bin/ruby for package: facter-2.4.1-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ruby.x86_64 0:2.0.0.648-39.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: ruby-libs(x86-64) = 2.0.0.648-39.el7_9 for package: ruby-2.0.0.648-39.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: ruby(rubygems) >= 2.0.14.1 for package: ruby-2.0.0.648-39.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: rubygem(bigdecimal) >= 1.2.0 for package: ruby-2.0.0.648-39.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libruby.so.2.0()(64bit) for package: ruby-2.0.0.648-39.el7_9.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ruby-libs.x86_64 0:2.0.0.648-39.el7_9 will be installed
---> Package rubygem-bigdecimal.x86_64 0:1.2.0-39.el7_9 will be installed
---> Package rubygems.noarch 0:2.0.14.1-39.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: rubygem(io-console) >= 0.4.2 for package: rubygems-2.0.14.1-39.el7_9.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: rubygem(psych) >= 2.0.0 for package: rubygems-2.0.14.1-39.el7_9.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: rubygem(rdoc) >= 4.0.0 for package: rubygems-2.0.14.1-39.el7_9.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package rubygem-io-console.x86_64 0:0.4.2-39.el7_9 will be installed
---> Package rubygem-psych.x86_64 0:2.0.0-39.el7_9 will be installed
---> Package rubygem-rdoc.noarch 0:4.0.0-39.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: ruby(irb) = 2.0.0.648 for package: rubygem-rdoc-4.0.0-39.el7_9.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: rubygem(json) >= 1.7.7 for package: rubygem-rdoc-4.0.0-39.el7_9.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ruby-irb.noarch 0:2.0.0.648-39.el7_9 will be installed
---> Package rubygem-json.x86_64 0:1.7.7-39.el7_9 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
......
Installed:
facter.x86_64 0:2.4.1-1.el7
Dependency Installed:
ruby.x86_64 0:2.0.0.648-39.el7_9 ruby-irb.noarch 0:2.0.0.648-39.el7_9 ruby-libs.x86_64 0:2.0.0.648-39.el7_9 rubygem-bigdecimal.x86_64 0:1.2.0-39.el7_9 rubygem-io-console.x86_64 0:0.4.2-39.el7_9
rubygem-json.x86_64 0:1.7.7-39.el7_9 rubygem-psych.x86_64 0:2.0.0-39.el7_9 rubygem-rdoc.noarch 0:4.0.0-39.el7_9 rubygems.noarch 0:2.0.14.1-39.el7_9
Complete!
#2.在11.0.1.18上执行
[root@ansible01 ~]# ansible 11.0.1.19 -m facter
11.0.1.19 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"architecture": "x86_64",
"bios_release_date": "11/12/2020",
"bios_vendor": "Phoenix Technologies LTD",
"bios_version": "6.00",
"blockdevice_sda_model": "VMware Virtual S",
"blockdevice_sda_size": 21474836480,
"blockdevice_sda_vendor": "VMware,",
"blockdevice_sr0_model": "VMware SATA CD00",
"blockdevice_sr0_size": 47063040,
"blockdevice_sr0_vendor": "NECVMWar",
"blockdevice_sr1_model": "VMware SATA CD01",
"blockdevice_sr1_size": 4043309056,
"blockdevice_sr1_vendor": "NECVMWar",
"blockdevices": "sda,sr0,sr1",
"boardmanufacturer": "Intel Corporation",
"boardproductname": "440BX Desktop Reference Platform",
"boardserialnumber": "None",
"changed": false,
"facterversion": "2.4.1",
"filesystems": "xfs",
"fqdn": "ansible02",
"gid": "root",
"hardwareisa": "x86_64",
"hardwaremodel": "x86_64",
"hostname": "ansible02",
"id": "root",
"interfaces": "eno16777736,lo",
"ipaddress": "11.0.1.19",
"ipaddress_eno16777736": "11.0.1.19",
"ipaddress_lo": "127.0.0.1",
"is_virtual": true,
"kernel": "Linux",
"kernelmajversion": "3.10",
"kernelrelease": "3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64",
"kernelversion": "3.10.0",
"macaddress": "00:0c:29:af:86:c8",
"macaddress_eno16777736": "00:0c:29:af:86:c8",
"manufacturer": "VMware, Inc.",
"memoryfree": "1.39 GB",
"memoryfree_mb": "1424.84",
"memorysize": "1.78 GB",
"memorysize_mb": "1824.89",
"mtu_eno16777736": 1500,
"mtu_lo": 65536,
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"netmask_eno16777736": "255.255.255.0",
"netmask_lo": "255.0.0.0",
"network_eno16777736": "11.0.1.0",
"network_lo": "127.0.0.0",
"operatingsystem": "RedHat",
"operatingsystemmajrelease": "7",
"operatingsystemrelease": "7.2",
"os": {
"family": "RedHat",
"name": "RedHat",
"release": {
"full": "7.2",
"major": "7",
"minor": "2"
}
},
"osfamily": "RedHat",
"partitions": {
"sda1": {
"filesystem": "xfs",
"mount": "/boot",
"size": "614400",
"uuid": "570828b6-d779-4967-96fd-b2b0f526d1c7"
},
"sda2": {
"filesystem": "swap",
"size": "4194304",
"uuid": "1c352bba-419c-45f9-aee4-33f561fa3adf"
},
"sda3": {
"filesystem": "xfs",
"mount": "/",
"size": "37132288",
"uuid": "c058400b-3be7-4902-ba95-8c08abf428ba"
}
},
"path": "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
"physicalprocessorcount": 2,
"processor0": "Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz",
"processor1": "Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz",
"processorcount": 2,
"processors": {
"count": 2,
"models": [
"Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz",
"Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz"
],
"physicalcount": 2
},
"productname": "VMware Virtual Platform",
"ps": "ps -ef",
"rubyplatform": "x86_64-linux",
"rubysitedir": "/usr/local/share/ruby/site_ruby/",
"rubyversion": "2.0.0",
"selinux": true,
"selinux_config_mode": "enforcing",
"selinux_config_policy": "unknown",
"selinux_current_mode": "enforcing",
"selinux_enforced": true,
"selinux_policyversion": "28",
"serialnumber": "VMware-56 4d 8d ec 75 14 da 3d-86 a0 ac 4c 74 af 86 c8",
"sshecdsakey": "AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBNs6cwFKInCtX1eUrXl7PootQTQ7btd+aA3DcTtH9TihD252WnC/cUisILy38hGoqxm8+d2aw+W7HqHQOsd2HP4=",
"sshed25519key": "AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIMd6dtJf4QsdSa0cabaGWG6eX2vH0uN/BLrsrmdSAATV",
"sshfp_ecdsa": "SSHFP 3 1 c0cb53b2e9cb7e79e12913112aeae09da9e4c494\nSSHFP 3 2 f083051fe458b4f5edcfa529a92e1967b4d9d64f5528346eb04d0660bc98a36c",
"sshfp_ed25519": "SSHFP 4 1 039897f1b97cba8ea06efb6240b02db31a513312\nSSHFP 4 2 3d239224bf4ee372299910c034770f38fc09248b1729cb765ae8233fc4967f9a",
"sshfp_rsa": "SSHFP 1 1 5437165980a87d0243b80b9396f06b1702b2dfe2\nSSHFP 1 2 ae37485b3d438a68754088e2cecc6e5d34d7f2930f5264ec045b653e666c6fc0",
"sshrsakey": "AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCwbc57oJONFHN/fq0eMlr5I9RmXMCIErK0hi9db1rIyUiJ+G8TdKGD3r3WBGez2MJrv0UbecNkU3kSx/UeC7anhtMFfGenBdM7ftXuTeFnNpLaJKHMvaG6IakET3+vXd7QJcSt4IFzL7koWD/31dU4v9UicPt4DXDXjggFuwDVTNI+4ff3LbzoOMhhf2e81VAogfSLz7SSxDQ7OUYHfI+p/hTf7YN5cAObRrzfi08AXQ3Wa4jF4nXRxeOewGyUJR3r+crUL8XyVP75ddUMG/QvjRbwAf0vdMnDuM/Z/MEWr6cZYO49ZvWMMAXlNaXQxgtxkmeZGz/2hC64xUPwcTtr",
"swapfree": "2.00 GB",
"swapfree_mb": "2047.47",
"swapsize": "2.00 GB",
"swapsize_mb": "2048.00",
"system_uptime": {
"days": 1,
"hours": 25,
"seconds": 93468,
"uptime": "1 day"
},
"timezone": "PDT",
"type": "Other",
"uniqueid": "00000000",
"uptime": "1 day",
"uptime_days": 1,
"uptime_hours": 25,
"uptime_seconds": 93468,
"uuid": "EC8D4D56-1475-3DDA-86A0-AC4C74AF86C8",
"virtual": "vmware"
}
2. playbook变量与引用
2.1 通过Inventory文件定义主机以及主机组变量
首先，我们来看下对应的inventory文件，Ansible默认的Inventory文件是INI格式，例如：
[root@ansible01 ansible]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts |grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"
11.0.1.18 key=118
11.0.1.19 key=119
[nginx]
11.0.1.1[8:9]
[nginx:vars]
ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python2.7
我们在编写个playbook来验证变量能否引用：
#1.[root@ansible01 ansible]# cat /etc/ansible/variable.yaml
---
- hosts: all
gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: diplay Host Variable from hostfile
debug: msg="The {{ inventory_hostname }} Value is {{ key }}"
#2.[root@ansible01 ansible]# ansible-playbook variable.yaml
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/roles as an inventory source
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with auto plugin: no root 'plugin' key found, '/etc/ansible/variable.yaml' is not a valid YAML inventory plugin config file
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with yaml plugin: YAML inventory has invalid structure, it should be a dictionary, got: <class
'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleSequence'>
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with ini plugin: Invalid host pattern '---' supplied, '---' is normally a sign this is a YAML file.
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml as an inventory source
PLAY [all] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [diplay Host Variable from hostfile] *************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [11.0.1.18] => {
"msg": "The 11.0.1.18 Value is 118"
}
ok: [11.0.1.19] => {
"msg": "The 11.0.1.19 Value is 119"
}
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
11.0.1.18 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
11.0.1.19 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
发现变量调用成功，我们修改下/etc/ansible/hosts文件
[root@ansible01 ansible]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts |grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"
#11.0.1.18 key=118
#11.0.1.19 key=119
[nginx]
11.0.1.1[8:9]
[nginx:vars]
ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python2.7
key=nginx
在运行variable.yaml试试，看看效果：
[root@ansible01 ansible]# ansible-playbook variable.yaml
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/roles as an inventory source
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with auto plugin: no root 'plugin' key found, '/etc/ansible/variable.yaml' is not a valid YAML inventory plugin config file
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with yaml plugin: YAML inventory has invalid structure, it should be a dictionary, got: <class
'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleSequence'>
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with ini plugin: Invalid host pattern '---' supplied, '---' is normally a sign this is a YAML file.
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml as an inventory source
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml with auto plugin: no root 'plugin' key found, '/etc/ansible/variable2.yaml' is not a valid YAML inventory plugin config file
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml with yaml plugin: YAML inventory has invalid structure, it should be a dictionary, got: <class
'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleSequence'>
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml with ini plugin: Invalid host pattern '---' supplied, '---' is normally a sign this is a YAML file.
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml as an inventory source
PLAY [all] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [diplay Host Variable from hostfile] *************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [11.0.1.18] => {
"msg": "The 11.0.1.18 Value is nginx"
}
ok: [11.0.1.19] => {
"msg": "The 11.0.1.19 Value is nginx"
}
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
11.0.1.18 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
11.0.1.19 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
2.2 通过/etc/ansible/下的文件定义主机以及主机组变量
我们可以在/etc/ansible下新建host_vars和group_vars目录来针对主机和主机组定义的变量，我们看看目录结构：
[root@ansible01 hosts_vars]# tree /etc/ansible/
/etc/ansible/
├── ansible.cfg
├── group_vars
│ └── nginx
├── hosts
├── hosts_vars
│ ├── 11.0.1.18
│ └── 11.0.1.19
├── inventory
│ ├── docker
│ └── hosts
├── roles
└── variable.yaml
我们查看变量目录下文本内容：
[root@ansible01 ansible]# head group_vars/nginx
key: nginx
[root@ansible01 ansible]# head hosts_vars/*
==> hosts_vars/11.0.1.18 <==
key: 11.0.1.18
==> hosts_vars/11.0.1.19 <==
key: 11.0.1.19
删除/etc/ansible/hosts文件下的key定义：
[root@ansible01 ansible]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts |grep -v "^#"|grep -v "^$"
[nginx]
11.0.1.1[8:9]
[nginx:vars]
ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python2.7
再次运行variable.yaml看看输出：
ansible-playbook ansible-playbook-2 ansible-playbook-2.7 ansible-pull ansible-pull-2 ansible-pull-2.7
[root@ansible01 ansible]# ansible-playbook variable.yaml
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/hosts_vars/11.0.1.18 with ini plugin: Invalid host pattern 'key:' supplied, ending in ':' is not allowed, this character is reserved to provide
a port.
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/hosts_vars/11.0.1.18 as an inventory source
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/hosts_vars/11.0.1.19 with ini plugin: Invalid host pattern 'key:' supplied, ending in ':' is not allowed, this character is reserved to provide
a port.
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/hosts_vars/11.0.1.19 as an inventory source
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/hosts_vars as an inventory source
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/roles as an inventory source
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with auto plugin: no root 'plugin' key found, '/etc/ansible/variable.yaml' is not a valid YAML inventory plugin config file
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with yaml plugin: YAML inventory has invalid structure, it should be a dictionary, got: <class
'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleSequence'>
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with ini plugin: Invalid host pattern '---' supplied, '---' is normally a sign this is a YAML file.
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml as an inventory source
PLAY [all] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [diplay Host Variable from hostfile] *************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [11.0.1.18] => {
"msg": "The 11.0.1.18 Value is nginx"
}
ok: [11.0.1.19] => {
"msg": "The 11.0.1.19 Value is nginx"
}
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
11.0.1.18 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
11.0.1.19 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
2.3 通过ansible-playbook命令行传入
我们先清除所有的变量key设置，然后再运行命令：
#1.清空变量设置
[root@ansible01 ansible]# echo " " >group_vars/nginx
[root@ansible01 ansible]# echo " " >hosts_vars/11.0.1.18
[root@ansible01 ansible]# echo " " >hosts_vars/11.0.1.19
#2.运行命令
[root@ansible01 ansible]# ansible-playbook variable.yaml -e "key=wyx"
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/roles as an inventory source
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with auto plugin: no root 'plugin' key found, '/etc/ansible/variable.yaml' is not a valid YAML inventory plugin config file
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with yaml plugin: YAML inventory has invalid structure, it should be a dictionary, got: <class
'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleSequence'>
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with ini plugin: Invalid host pattern '---' supplied, '---' is normally a sign this is a YAML file.
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml as an inventory source
PLAY [all] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [diplay Host Variable from hostfile] *************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [11.0.1.18] => {
"msg": "The 11.0.1.18 Value is wyx"
}
ok: [11.0.1.19] => {
"msg": "The 11.0.1.19 Value is wyx"
}
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
11.0.1.18 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
11.0.1.19 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
2.4 在playbook文件内使用vars
修改variable.yaml如下：
[root@ansible01 ansible]# cat variable.yaml
---
- hosts: all
gather_facts: False
vars:
key: Ansible_nginx
tasks:
- name: diplay Host Variable from hostfile
debug: msg="The {{ inventory_hostname }} Value is {{ key }}"
再次运行：
[root@ansible01 ansible]# ansible-playbook variable.yaml
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/roles as an inventory source
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with auto plugin: no root 'plugin' key found, '/etc/ansible/variable.yaml' is not a valid YAML inventory plugin config file
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with yaml plugin: YAML inventory has invalid structure, it should be a dictionary, got: <class
'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleSequence'>
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with ini plugin: Invalid host pattern '---' supplied, '---' is normally a sign this is a YAML file.
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml as an inventory source
PLAY [all] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [diplay Host Variable from hostfile] *************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [11.0.1.18] => {
"msg": "The 11.0.1.18 Value is Ansible_nginx"
}
ok: [11.0.1.19] => {
"msg": "The 11.0.1.19 Value is Ansible_nginx"
}
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
11.0.1.18 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
11.0.1.19 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
2.5 使用register内的变量
我们假设有2个task，如何让第二个task引用第一个task命令的结果座位变量呢？看下面这个例子：
[root@ansible01 ansible]# cat variable2.yaml
---
- hosts: all
gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: register varibale
shell: hostname
register: info
- name: display variable
debug: msg="The {{ inventory_hostname }} Value is {{ info }}"
我们在运行看看结果：
[root@ansible01 ansible]# ansible-playbook variable2.yaml
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/roles as an inventory source
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with auto plugin: no root 'plugin' key found, '/etc/ansible/variable.yaml' is not a valid YAML inventory plugin config file
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with yaml plugin: YAML inventory has invalid structure, it should be a dictionary, got: <class
'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleSequence'>
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with ini plugin: Invalid host pattern '---' supplied, '---' is normally a sign this is a YAML file.
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml as an inventory source
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml with auto plugin: no root 'plugin' key found, '/etc/ansible/variable2.yaml' is not a valid YAML inventory plugin config file
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml with yaml plugin: YAML inventory has invalid structure, it should be a dictionary, got: <class
'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleSequence'>
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml with ini plugin: Invalid host pattern '---' supplied, '---' is normally a sign this is a YAML file.
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml as an inventory source
PLAY [all] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [register varibale] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [11.0.1.19]
changed: [11.0.1.18]
TASK [display variable] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [11.0.1.18] => {
"msg": "The 11.0.1.18 Value is {'stderr_lines': [], u'changed': True, u'end': u'2024-04-28 15:21:18.866921', 'failed': False, u'stdout': u'ansible01', u'cmd': u'hostname', u'rc': 0, u'start': u'2024-04-28 15:21:18.862297', u'stderr': u'', u'delta': u'0:00:00.004624', 'stdout_lines': [u'ansible01']}"
}
ok: [11.0.1.19] => {
"msg": "The 11.0.1.19 Value is {'stderr_lines': [], u'changed': True, u'end': u'2024-04-28 00:20:19.627787', 'failed': False, u'stdout': u'ansible02', u'cmd': u'hostname', u'rc': 0, u'start': u'2024-04-28 00:20:19.623874', u'stderr': u'', u'delta': u'0:00:00.003913', 'stdout_lines': [u'ansible02']}"
}
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
11.0.1.18 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
11.0.1.19 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
我们看到返回的结果是一串python字典，我们在修改下取值后再运行：
#1.修改取值
[root@ansible01 ansible]# cat variable2.yaml
---
- hosts: all
gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: register varibale
shell: hostname
register: info
- name: display variable
debug: msg="The {{ inventory_hostname }} Value is {{ info['stdout'] }}"
#2.执行查看结果
[root@ansible01 ansible]# ansible-playbook variable2.yaml
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/roles as an inventory source
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with auto plugin: no root 'plugin' key found, '/etc/ansible/variable.yaml' is not a valid YAML inventory plugin config file
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with yaml plugin: YAML inventory has invalid structure, it should be a dictionary, got: <class
'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleSequence'>
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with ini plugin: Invalid host pattern '---' supplied, '---' is normally a sign this is a YAML file.
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml as an inventory source
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml with auto plugin: no root 'plugin' key found, '/etc/ansible/variable2.yaml' is not a valid YAML inventory plugin config file
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml with yaml plugin: YAML inventory has invalid structure, it should be a dictionary, got: <class
'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleSequence'>
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml with ini plugin: Invalid host pattern '---' supplied, '---' is normally a sign this is a YAML file.
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml as an inventory source
PLAY [all] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [register varibale] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [11.0.1.19]
changed: [11.0.1.18]
TASK [display variable] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [11.0.1.18] => {
"msg": "The 11.0.1.18 Value is ansible01"
}
ok: [11.0.1.19] => {
"msg": "The 11.0.1.19 Value is ansible02"
}
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
11.0.1.18 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
11.0.1.19 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
2.6 使用vars_prompt传入
Ansible还支持在运行playbook的时候，通过交互式的方式给定义好的参数传入变量值，如下面这个例子：
[root@ansible01 ansible]# cat variable3.yaml
---
- hosts: all
gather_facts: False
vars_prompt:
- name: "one"
prompt: "please input one value"
private: no
- name: "two"
prompt: "please input two value"
default: 'good'
private: yes
tasks:
- name: display one variable
debug: msg="one value is {{ one }}"
- name: display two variable
debug: msg="two value is {{ two }}"
运行：
[root@ansible01 ansible]# ansible-playbook variable2.yaml
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/roles as an inventory source
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with auto plugin: no root 'plugin' key found, '/etc/ansible/variable.yaml' is not a valid YAML inventory plugin config file
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with yaml plugin: YAML inventory has invalid structure, it should be a dictionary, got: <class
'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleSequence'>
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml with ini plugin: Invalid host pattern '---' supplied, '---' is normally a sign this is a YAML file.
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/variable.yaml as an inventory source
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml with auto plugin: no root 'plugin' key found, '/etc/ansible/variable2.yaml' is not a valid YAML inventory plugin config file
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml with yaml plugin: YAML inventory has invalid structure, it should be a dictionary, got: <class
'ansible.parsing.yaml.objects.AnsibleSequence'>
[WARNING]: * Failed to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml with ini plugin: Invalid host pattern '---' supplied, '---' is normally a sign this is a YAML file.
[WARNING]: Unable to parse /etc/ansible/variable2.yaml as an inventory source
please input one value: hello
please input two value [good]:
PLAY [all] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [display one variable] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [11.0.1.18] => {
"msg": "one value is hello"
}
ok: [11.0.1.19] => {
"msg": "one value is hello"
}
TASK [display two variable] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [11.0.1.18] => {
"msg": "two value is good"
}
ok: [11.0.1.19] => {
"msg": "two value is good"
}
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
11.0.1.18 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
11.0.1.19 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
看yaml中，one被定义非私有变量，two定义为私有变量并提供了默认值good