前言
同步的任务逐个按顺序执行,前一个任务完成后才执行下一个任务。异步的任务可交替运行,允许其他任务在等待期间继续执行。
1.同步示例
内容,内容
import time
import requests
def download_url(url):
print(f"开始下载:{url}")
response = requests.get(url)
print(f"下载完成:{url}, 状态码:{response.status_code}")
def main():
urls = [
"https://www.example.com",
"https://www.python.org",
"https://www.openai.com"
]
start_time = time.time()
for url in urls:
download_url(url)
print(f"总耗时:{time.time() - start_time:.2f} 秒")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
输出:
开始下载:https://www.example.com
下载完成:https://www.example.com, 状态码:200
开始下载:https://www.python.org
下载完成:https://www.python.org, 状态码:200
开始下载:https://www.openai.com
下载完成:https://www.openai.com, 状态码:200
总耗时:6.15 秒
2.异步示例
import time
import aiohttp
import asyncio
async def download_url_async(url):
print(f"开始下载:{url}")
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
async with session.get(url) as response:
print(f"下载完成:{url}, 状态码:{response.status}")
async def main():
urls = [
"https://www.example.com",
"https://www.python.org",
"https://www.openai.com"
]
start_time = time.time()
tasks = [download_url_async(url) for url in urls]
await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
print(f"总耗时:{time.time() - start_time:.2f} 秒")
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
输出:
开始下载:https://www.example.com
开始下载:https://www.python.org
开始下载:https://www.openai.com
下载完成:https://www.example.com, 状态码:200
下载完成:https://www.python.org, 状态码:200
下载完成:https://www.openai.com, 状态码:200
总耗时:2.12 秒
3.总结
同步操作如果某个任务需要等待(如 I/O 操作),会阻塞程序,导致资源浪费。异步操作不会阻塞,任务在等待时可以切换到其他任务。完整代码:https://chatgpt.com/share/675ac3af-d660-8007-ae4c-e8a072867a3d