Jetpack - ViewModel、LiveData、DataBinding（数据绑定、双向数据绑定）

我命由我123452025-07-21 14:33

一、ViewModel

1、基本介绍
  • ViewModel 属于 Android Jetpack 架构组件的一部分，ViewModel 被设计用来存储和管理与 UI 相关的数据，这些数据在配置更改（例如，屏幕旋转）时能够幸存下来，ViewModel 的生命周期与 Activity 或 Fragment 的生命周期紧密相关，但比它们更长，这意味着即使 Activity 或 Fragment 被重新创建，ViewModel 中的数据也会保留下来，它有如下特点

  1. 配置更改时数据保留：当屏幕旋转或发生其他配置更改时，ViewModel 中的数据不会丢失

  2. 生命周期管理：ViewModel 在关联的 Activity 或 Fragment 被销毁时也会被清理，但它在配置更改时会保留下来

  3. 数据共享：可以在多个 Fragment 或 Activity 之间共享同一个 ViewModel 实例，以共享数据

  4. 与 LiveData 配合使用：ViewModel 通常与 LiveData 一起使用，以便在数据发生变化时通知 UI 更新

2、不使用 ViewModel
（1）Activity Layout
  • activity_view_model_no_use.xml
xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".ViewModelNoUseActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_add"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="add"
        android:text="add"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.498"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_num"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="0"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.35000002" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
（2）Activity Code
  • ViewModelNoUseActivity.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.viewmodel;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class ViewModelNoUseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TextView tvNum;
    private int num;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_view_model_no_use);

        tvNum = findViewById(R.id.tv_num);
    }

    public void add(View view) {
        tvNum.setText(String.valueOf(++num));
    }
}
3、使用 ViewModel
（1）ViewModel
  • MyViewModel.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.jetpackdemo.viewmodel;

import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;

public class MyViewModel extends ViewModel {
    public int num;
}
（2）Activity Layout
  • activity_view_model_no_use.xml
xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".ViewModelNoUseActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_add"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="add"
        android:text="add"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.498"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_num"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="0"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.35000002" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
（3）Activity Code
  • ViewModelNoUseActivity.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.viewmodel;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.my.viewmodel.viewmodel.MyViewModel;

public class ViewModelActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TextView tvNum;
    private MyViewModel myViewModel;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_view_model);

        tvNum = findViewById(R.id.tv_num);
        myViewModel = new ViewModelProvider(this, new ViewModelProvider.AndroidViewModelFactory(getApplication())).get(MyViewModel.class);
        tvNum.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.num));
    }

    public void add(View view) {
        tvNum.setText(String.valueOf(++myViewModel.num));
    }
}

二、LiveData

1、基本介绍
  • LiveData 是 Android Jetpack 架构组件中的一个类，它用于在数据发生变化时通知观察者（通常是 UI 组件），LiveData 是一个可观察的数据持有者，它与生命周期感知组件（例如，Activity、Fragment）紧密集成，这意味着它只会在这些组件处于活跃状态时更新观察者，它有如下特点

  1. 生命周期感知：LiveData 只在有活跃的观察者时才会分发更新，这有助于避免在组件（例如，Activity、Fragment）不再可见时发生不必要的更新

  2. 粘性事件：LiveData 可以选择性地保留最后一个值，并在新的观察者开始观察时立即发送该值（粘性事件的行为），这对于如登录状态、配置变化等需要即时知道当前状态的情况很有用

  3. 线程安全：可以在任何线程上修改 LiveData 的值，而观察者会在主线程上接收到这些更新，从而避免了直接操作 UI 组件的线程安全问题

  4. 数据一致性：LiveData 保证观察者会收到最新的数据，即使它们是在数据变化之后开始观察的

2、LiveData 方法
方法 说明
setValue 用于设置 LiveData 对象的新值，当调用此方法时，所有活动的观察者都会收到这个新值 如果 LiveData 对象当前没有活动的观察者，setValue 方法调用不会做任何事情 但是，一旦有观察者，它将立即收到最近设置的值 注：setValue 方法应该在主线程上调用，因为观察者会在主线程上接收更新
getValue 用于获取 LiveData 对象当前持有的值，如果没有设置值，则返回 null
postValue 另一个用于设置 LiveData 值的方法，但它可以在任何线程上调用 从非主线程更新 LiveData 时，应该使用 postValue 方法而不是 setValue 方法 postValue 方法会将更新操作安排到主线程上执行，从而确保 UI 的更新是在主线程上进行的
3、演示
（1）ViewModel
  • MyLiveData.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.livedata.viewmodel;

import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;

public class MyLiveData extends ViewModel {
    private MutableLiveData<Integer> currentSecond;

    public MutableLiveData<Integer> getCurrentSecond() {
        if (currentSecond == null) {
            currentSecond = new MutableLiveData<>();
            currentSecond.setValue(0);
        }
        return currentSecond;
    }
}
  • 上述代码使用了 MutableLiveData 来存储和分发一个整数值，它允许修改存储的值并通知观察者
（2）Activity Layout
  • activity_live_data.xml
xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".LiveDataActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_current_second"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="0"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
（3）Activity Code
  • LiveDataActivity.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.livedata;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.lifecycle.Observer;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.my.livedata.viewmodel.MyLiveData;

import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;

public class LiveDataActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TextView tvCurrentSecond;
    private MyLiveData myLiveData;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_live_data);

        tvCurrentSecond = findViewById(R.id.tv_current_second);
        myLiveData = new ViewModelProvider(this, new ViewModelProvider.AndroidViewModelFactory(getApplication())).get(MyLiveData.class);
        myLiveData.getCurrentSecond().observe(this, new Observer<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public void onChanged(Integer integer) {
                tvCurrentSecond.setText(String.valueOf(integer));
            }
        });
        startTimer();
    }

    private void startTimer() {
        new Timer().schedule(new TimerTask() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                myLiveData.getCurrentSecond().postValue(myLiveData.getCurrentSecond().getValue() + 1);
            }
        }, 1000, 1000);
    }
}

  1. observe 方法用来观察 LiveDataViewModel 中的 currentSecond，当 currentSecond 的值改变时，onChanged 方法会被调用

  2. postValue 方法用来更新 LiveDataViewModel 中的 currentSecond 的值

4、LiveData 优化
（1）ViewModel
  • MyAnotherLiveData.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.livedata.viewmodel;

import androidx.lifecycle.LiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;

public class MyAnotherLiveData extends ViewModel {
    private MutableLiveData<Integer> currentSecond = new MutableLiveData<>(0);

    public LiveData<Integer> getCurrentSecond() {
        return currentSecond;
    }

    public Integer getValue() {
        return currentSecond.getValue();
    }

    public void setValue(Integer integer) {
        currentSecond.setValue(integer);
    }

    public void postValue(Integer integer) {
        currentSecond.postValue(integer);
    }
}
（2）Activity Layout
  • activity_another_live_data.xml
java 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".AnotherLiveDataActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_current_second"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="0"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
（3）Activity Code
  • AnotherLiveDataActivity.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.livedata;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.my.livedata.viewmodel.MyAnotherLiveData;

import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;

public class AnotherLiveDataActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TextView tvCurrentSecond;
    private MyAnotherLiveData myAnotherLiveData;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_another_live_data);

        tvCurrentSecond = findViewById(R.id.tv_current_second);
        myAnotherLiveData = new ViewModelProvider(this, new ViewModelProvider.AndroidViewModelFactory(getApplication())).get(MyAnotherLiveData.class);
        myAnotherLiveData.getCurrentSecond().observe(this, (integer) -> {
            tvCurrentSecond.setText(String.valueOf(integer));
        });
        startTimer();
    }

    private void startTimer() {
        new Timer().schedule(new TimerTask() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                myAnotherLiveData.postValue(myAnotherLiveData.getValue() + 1);
            }
        }, 1000, 1000);
    }
}
5、Fragment 通信
（1）ViewModel
  • SeekBarViewModel.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.jetpackdemo.viewmodel;

import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;

public class SeekBarViewModel extends ViewModel {
    private MutableLiveData<Integer> process;

    public MutableLiveData<Integer> getProcess() {
        if (process == null) {
            process = new MutableLiveData<>();
            process.setValue(0);
        }
        return process;
    }
}
（2）Fragment
  • fragment_first.xml
xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".fragment.FirstFragment">

    <SeekBar
        android:id="@+id/seek_bar_first"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:max="100"
        android:min="0"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
  • FirstFragment.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.livedata.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.SeekBar;

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.lifecycle.Observer;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider;

import com.my.livedata.R;
import com.my.livedata.viewmodel.SeekBarViewModel;

public class FirstFragment extends Fragment {

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_first, null, false);
        SeekBar seekBarFirst = root.findViewById(R.id.seek_bar_first);
        SeekBarViewModel seekBarViewModel = new ViewModelProvider(getActivity(),
                new ViewModelProvider.AndroidViewModelFactory(getActivity().getApplication())).get(SeekBarViewModel.class);
        seekBarViewModel.getProcess().observe(getActivity(), new Observer<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public void onChanged(Integer integer) {
                seekBarFirst.setProgress(integer);
            }
        });

        seekBarFirst.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser) {
                seekBarViewModel.setValue(progress);
            }

            @Override
            public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {

            }
        });
        return root;
    }
}
  • fragment_second.xml
xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".fragment.SecondFragment">

    <SeekBar
        android:id="@+id/seek_bar_second"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:max="100"
        android:min="0"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
  • SecondFragment.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.livedata.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.SeekBar;

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.lifecycle.Observer;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider;

import com.my.livedata.R;
import com.my.livedata.viewmodel.SeekBarViewModel;

public class SecondFragment extends Fragment {

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_second, null, false);
        SeekBar seekBarSecond = root.findViewById(R.id.seek_bar_second);
        SeekBarViewModel seekBarViewModel = new ViewModelProvider(getActivity(),
                new ViewModelProvider.AndroidViewModelFactory(getActivity().getApplication())).get(SeekBarViewModel.class);
        seekBarViewModel.getProcess().observe(getActivity(), new Observer<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public void onChanged(Integer integer) {
                seekBarSecond.setProgress(integer);
            }
        });

        seekBarSecond.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser) {
                seekBarViewModel.setValue(progress);
            }

            @Override
            public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {

            }
        });
        return root;
    }
}
（3）Activity Layout
  • activity_live_data_fragment.xml
xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".LiveDataFragmentActivity">

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/gl"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_end="365dp" />

    <androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView
        android:id="@+id/fcv1"
        android:name="com.my.livedata.fragment.FirstFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/gl"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView
        android:id="@+id/fcv2"
        android:name="com.my.livedata.fragment.SecondFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/gl" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
（4）Activity Code
  • LiveDataFragmentActivity.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.livedata;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class LiveDataFragmentActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_live_data_fragment);
    }
}

三、数据绑定

1、基本介绍
  • Android DataBinding 是一种布局书写方式，它允许将数据直接绑定到布局的 XML 中，使得数据的变化能够直接反映到 View 上，这是 Android团队实现 MVVM 架构的一种方法，旨在减少 Android 开发中的大量模板代码（例如，findViewById()），增加代码及逻辑清晰度，提高开发效率和维护效率
2、演示
（1）Setting

  • 模块级 build.gradle

    android {
    ...

    复制代码 
      defaultConfig {
      ...
      
      dataBinding {
          enabled = true
      }
  }

    }

（2）Entity
  • Idol.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.jetpackdemo.entity;

public class Idol {
    public String name;
    public String star;

    public Idol(String name, String star) {
        this.name = name;
        this.star = star;
    }
}
（3）Activity Layout
  • activity_data_binding.xml
xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>
        <variable
            name="idol"
            type="com.my.databinding.entity.Idol" />
    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:context=".DataBindingActivity">

        <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
            android:id="@+id/gl"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="horizontal"
            app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.5" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_idol_name"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@{ idol.name }"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/gl"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_idol_star"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@{ idol.star }"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/gl" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>
（4）Activity Code
  • DataBindingActivity.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.databinding;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;

import com.my.databinding.databinding.ActivityDataBindingBinding;
import com.my.databinding.entity.Idol;

public class DataBindingActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        ActivityDataBindingBinding activityDataBindingBinding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_data_binding);
        Idol idol = new Idol("张学友", "五星");
        activityDataBindingBinding.setIdol(idol);
    }
}
3、更多用法
（1）Entity
  • User.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.databinding.entity;

public class User {
    public String name;
    public int star;

    public User(String name, int star) {
        this.name = name;
        this.star = star;
    }
}
（2）Listener
  • EventHandleListener.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.databinding.listener;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class EventHandleListener {
    private Context context;

    public EventHandleListener(Context context) {
        this.context = context;
    }

    public void btnOnClick(View view) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "点赞", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}
（3）Util
  • UserUtil.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.jetpackdemo.util;

public class UserUtil {
    public static String getStar(int star) {
        switch (star) {
            case 1:
                return "一星";
            case 2:
                return "一星";
            case 3:
                return "三星";
            case 4:
                return "四星";
            case 5:
                return "五星";
        }
        return "零星";
    }
}
（4）Activity Layout
  • activity_user.xml
xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>
        <variable
            name="user"
            type="com.my.databinding.entity.User" />
        <variable
            name="eventHandleListener"
            type="com.my.databinding.listener.EventHandleListener" />
        <import type="com.my.databinding.util.UserUtil" />
    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:context=".UserActivity">

        <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
            android:id="@+id/guideline2"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="horizontal"
            app:layout_constraintGuide_end="365dp" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_user_name"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@{ user.name }"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline2"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_user_star"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@{ UserUtil.getStar(user.star) }"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline2" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_like"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="点赞"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:onClick="@{ eventHandleListener.btnOnClick }"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.498"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.508" />

    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>
（5）Activity Code
  • UserActivity.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.databinding;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;

import com.my.databinding.databinding.ActivityUserBinding;
import com.my.databinding.listener.EventHandleListener;
import com.my.databinding.entity.User;

public class UserActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_user);

        ActivityUserBinding activityUserBinding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_user);
        User user = new User("张三", 3);
        activityUserBinding.setUser(user);
        EventHandleListener eventHandleListener = new EventHandleListener(this);
        activityUserBinding.setEventHandleListener(eventHandleListener);
    }
}
4、二级页面数据绑定
（1）Entity
java 复制代码 
package com.my.databinding.entity;

public class User {
    public String name;
    public int star;

    public User(String name, int star) {
        this.name = name;
        this.star = star;
    }
}
（2）Util
  • UserUtil.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.jetpackdemo.util;

public class UserUtil {
    public static String getStar(int star) {
        switch (star) {
            case 1:
                return "一星";
            case 2:
                return "一星";
            case 3:
                return "三星";
            case 4:
                return "四星";
            case 5:
                return "五星";
        }
        return "零星";
    }
}
（3）Activity Layout
  1. user_son1.xml
xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>
        <variable
            name="user"
            type="com.my.databinding.entity.User" />
    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/son_tv_user_name"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@{ user.name }"
            android:textColor="#E91E63"
            android:textSize="24sp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>
  1. user_son2.xml
xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>
        <variable
            name="user"
            type="com.my.databinding.entity.User" />
        <import type="com.my.databinding.util.UserUtil" />
    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/son_tv_user_star"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@{ UserUtil.getStar(user.star) }"
            android:textColor="#E91E63"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>
  1. activity_user_father.java
xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>
        <variable
            name="user1"
            type="com.my.databinding.entity.User" />
        <variable
            name="user2"
            type="com.my.databinding.entity.User" />
    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:context=".UserFatherActivity">


        <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
            android:id="@+id/gl"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="horizontal"
            app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.5" />

        <include
            layout="@layout/user_son1"
            app:user="@{ user1 }"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/gl"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

        <include
            layout="@layout/user_son2"
            app:user="@{ user2 }"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/gl" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>
（4）Activity Code
  • UserFatherActivity.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.databinding;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;

import android.os.Bundle;

import com.my.databinding.databinding.ActivityUserFatherBinding;
import com.my.databinding.entity.User;

public class UserFatherActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        ActivityUserFatherBinding activityUserFatherBinding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_user_father);
        User user1 = new User("张三", 3);
        User user2 = new User("李四", 4);
        activityUserFatherBinding.setUser1(user1);
        activityUserFatherBinding.setUser2(user2);
    }
}
5、RecyclerView 数据绑定
（1）Entity
  • Student.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.databinding.entity;

public class Student {
    public String name;
    public int age;

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getAgeStr() {
        return age + "";
    }
}
（2）Activity Layout
  1. recycler_view_binding_item.xml
xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>
        <variable
            name="student"
            type="com.my.databinding.entity.Student" />
    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#03A9F4"
        android:paddingTop="25dp"
        android:paddingBottom="25dp">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_name"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@{ student.name }"
            android:textSize="24sp"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_age"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginTop="25dp"
            android:text="@{ student.ageStr }"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/tv_name" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>
  1. activity_recycler_view_binding.xml
xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:context="com.my.databinding.RecyclerViewBindingActivity">

        <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
            android:id="@+id/rv"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            tools:ignore="MissingConstraints"
            tools:layout_editor_absoluteX="1dp"
            tools:layout_editor_absoluteY="1dp" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>
（3）Adapter
  • RecyclerViewBindingAdapter.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.databinding.adapter;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import com.my.databinding.R;
import com.my.databinding.databinding.RecyclerViewBindingItemBinding;
import com.my.databinding.entity.Student;

import java.util.List;

public class RecyclerViewBindingAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<RecyclerViewBindingAdapter.MyViewHolder> {

    List<Student> studentList;

    public RecyclerViewBindingAdapter(List<Student> studentList) {
        this.studentList = studentList;
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        RecyclerViewBindingItemBinding recyclerViewBindingItemBinding =
                DataBindingUtil.inflate(LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()),
                        R.layout.recycler_view_binding_item, parent, false);

        return new MyViewHolder(recyclerViewBindingItemBinding);
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull MyViewHolder holder, int position) {
        Student student = studentList.get(position);
        holder.recyclerViewBindingItemBinding.setStudent(student);
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return studentList.size();
    }

    static class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

        private RecyclerViewBindingItemBinding recyclerViewBindingItemBinding;

        public MyViewHolder(RecyclerViewBindingItemBinding recyclerViewBindingItemBinding) {
            super(recyclerViewBindingItemBinding.getRoot());
            this.recyclerViewBindingItemBinding = recyclerViewBindingItemBinding;
        }
    }
}
（4）Activity Code
  • RecyclerViewBindingActivity.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.databinding;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import android.os.Bundle;

import com.my.databinding.adapter.RecyclerViewBindingAdapter;
import com.my.databinding.databinding.ActivityRecyclerViewBindingBinding;
import com.my.databinding.entity.Student;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class RecyclerViewBindingActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        ActivityRecyclerViewBindingBinding activityRecyclerViewBindingBinding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_recycler_view_binding);

        LinearLayoutManager linearLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        activityRecyclerViewBindingBinding.rv.setLayoutManager(linearLayoutManager);

        List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();
        studentList.add(new Student("jack", 18));
        studentList.add(new Student("smith", 19));
        studentList.add(new Student("tom", 20));
        RecyclerViewBindingAdapter recyclerViewBindingAdapter = new RecyclerViewBindingAdapter(studentList);
        activityRecyclerViewBindingBinding.rv.setAdapter(recyclerViewBindingAdapter);
    }
}

四、双向数据绑定

2、演示
（1）Entity
  • Info.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.databinding.entity;

public class Info {
    public String username;
    public String password;

    public Info(String username, String password) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }
}
（2）viewModel
  • InfoViewModel.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.databinding.viewmodel;

import android.util.Log;

import androidx.databinding.BaseObservable;
import androidx.databinding.Bindable;

import com.my.databinding.BR;
import com.my.databinding.entity.Info;

public class InfoViewModel extends BaseObservable {
    private Info info;

    public InfoViewModel(Info info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    @Bindable
    public String getUsername() {
        return info.username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        if (username != null && !username.equals(info.username)) {
            info.username = username;
            Log.d("my ==========", "setUsername: " + info.username);
            notifyPropertyChanged(BR.username);
        }
    }

    @Bindable
    public String getPassword() {
        return info.password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        if (password != null && !password.equals(info.password)) {
            info.password = password;
            Log.d("my ==========", "setPassword: " + info.password);
            notifyPropertyChanged(BR.password);
        }
    }
}
（3）Activity Layout
  • activity_data_binding_two.xml
xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>
        <variable
            name="infoViewModel"
            type="com.my.databinding.viewmodel.InfoViewModel" />
    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:context=".DataBindingTwoActivity">

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_username"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:ems="10"
            android:inputType="textPersonName"
            android:text="@={ infoViewModel.username }"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.1" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_password"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:ems="10"
            android:inputType="textPersonName"
            android:text="@={ infoViewModel.password }"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/et_username"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.2" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>
（4）Activity Code
  • DataBindingTwoActivity.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.databinding;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;

import com.my.databinding.databinding.ActivityDataBindingTwoBinding;
import com.my.databinding.viewmodel.InfoViewModel;
import com.my.databinding.entity.Info;

public class DataBindingTwoActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private InfoViewModel infoViewModel;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        ActivityDataBindingTwoBinding activityDataBindingTwoBinding =
                DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_data_binding_two);
        Info info = new Info("123", "456");
        infoViewModel = new InfoViewModel(info);
        activityDataBindingTwoBinding.setInfoViewModel(infoViewModel);

        test();
    }

    public void test() {
        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(5000);
                infoViewModel.setUsername("112233");
                infoViewModel.setPassword("445566");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }).start();
    }
}
3、另一种实现演示
（1）Entity
  • Info.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.databinding.entity;

public class Info {
    public String username;
    public String password;

    public Info(String username, String password) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }
}
（2）viewModel
java 复制代码 
package com.my.databinding.viewmodel;

import android.util.Log;

import androidx.databinding.ObservableField;

import com.my.databinding.entity.Info;

public class AnotherInfoViewModel {
    public ObservableField<String> username;
    public ObservableField<String> password;

    public AnotherInfoViewModel(Info info) {
        username = new ObservableField<>(info.username);
        password = new ObservableField<>(info.password);
    }

    public String getUsername_() {
        return username.get();
    }

    public void setUsername_(String username) {
        Log.d("my ==========", "setUsername: " + username);
        this.username.set(username);
    }

    public String getPassword_() {
        return password.get();
    }

    public void setPassword_(String password) {
        Log.d("my ==========", "setPassword: " + password);
        this.password.set(password);
    }
}
（3）Activity Layout
  • activity_data_binding_two_another.xml
xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>
        <variable
            name="anotherInfoViewModel"
            type="com.my.databinding.viewmodel.AnotherInfoViewModel" />
    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:context="com.my.databinding.DataBindingTwoAnotherActivity">

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_username"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:ems="10"
            android:inputType="textPersonName"
            android:text="@={ anotherInfoViewModel.username }"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.1" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_password"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:ems="10"
            android:inputType="textPersonName"
            android:text="@={ anotherInfoViewModel.password }"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/et_username"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.2" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_change"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Change"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" />
    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>
（4）Activity Code
  • DataBindingTwoAnotherActivity.java
java 复制代码 
package com.my.databinding;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;

import android.os.Bundle;

import com.my.databinding.databinding.ActivityDataBindingTwoAnotherBinding;
import com.my.databinding.entity.Info;
import com.my.databinding.viewmodel.AnotherInfoViewModel;

public class DataBindingTwoAnotherActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private AnotherInfoViewModel anotherInfoViewModel;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        ActivityDataBindingTwoAnotherBinding activityDataBindingTwoAnotherBinding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_data_binding_two_another);
        Info info = new Info("123", "456");
        anotherInfoViewModel = new AnotherInfoViewModel(info);
        activityDataBindingTwoAnotherBinding.setAnotherInfoViewModel(anotherInfoViewModel);

        findViewById(R.id.btn_change).setOnClickListener((v) -> {
            anotherInfoViewModel.setUsername_("112233");
            anotherInfoViewModel.setPassword_("445566");
        });

        test();
    }

    public void test() {
        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(5000);
                anotherInfoViewModel.setUsername_("112233");
                anotherInfoViewModel.setPassword_("445566");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }).start();
    }
}
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