【工具类】Linux 环境利用 uv 安装多版本 python

grrrr_12025-07-27 16:39

文章目录

前置工作

环境说明

虚拟机：virtualbox

操作系统：kali linux

virtualbox官网地址：https://www.virtualbox.org/

kali linux 中科大镜像：https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali-images/kali-2025.2/kali-linux-2025.2-virtualbox-amd64.7z

如果kali无法访问网络

启动前请添加一块网卡

pypi 换源

pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/simple

安装 uv

pip install uv

安装后会无法找到uv的bin文件，因为二进制文件没有写入环境变量，写入后即可解决。

bash 复制代码 
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ pip install uv
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/simple
Collecting uv
  Downloading https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/packages/5e/62/0d1ba1c666c5492d3716d8d3fba425f65ed2acc6707544c3cbbd381f6cbe/uv-0.8.3-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (18.7 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 18.7/18.7 MB 9.3 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: uv
Successfully installed uv-0.8.3

# 利用 which 查看发现没有找到uv可执行文件
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ which uv
uv not found

# 在当前目录查找下，发现在 下面第一个目录里
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ find . -name uv
./.local/bin/uv
./.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/uv

uv 写入环境变量

临时写入

export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"

bash 复制代码 
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ which uv
/home/kali/.local/bin/uv

┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ uv --help | head -3
An extremely fast Python package manager.

Usage: uv [OPTIONS] <COMMAND>

永久写入

上面是临时设置，如要持久化可把上面命令写入~/.zshrc或者~/.bashrc等文件中

重新ssh到服务器发现uv已经可以直接which到

bash 复制代码 
PS C:\Users\Administrator> ssh kali@192.168.56.103
kali@192.168.56.103's password:
Linux kali 6.8.11-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Kali 6.8.11-1kali2 (2024-05-30) x86_64

The programs included with the Kali GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Kali GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Fri Jul 25 22:09:40 2025 from 192.168.56.1
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ which uv
/home/kali/.local/bin/uv

# 注意根据自己的 shell 来，演示环境是 zsh 
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ tail -n 1 .zshrc
export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"

┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ echo $SHELL
/usr/bin/zsh

无法打开 github 解决方案（注意此方法可能也会失效）

后面要访问github，如果无法访问，物理机使用下面命令，不过记得修改成自己的chrome路径，powershell命令有&，cmd请去掉&。
&"Y:\通用工具\谷歌浏览器\win10\chrome.exe" --host-rules="MAP github.com octocaptcha.com, MAP github.githubassets.com yelp.com, MAP *.githubusercontent.com githubusercontent.com" --host-resolver-rules="MAP octocaptcha.com 20.27.177.113, MAP yelp.com 199.232.240.116, MAP githubusercontent.com 199.232.176.133"

安装多版本 python

查看已安装的python

uv python list

bash 复制代码 
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ uv python list
cpython-3.14.0rc1-linux-x86_64-gnu                 <download available>
cpython-3.14.0rc1+freethreaded-linux-x86_64-gnu    <download available>
cpython-3.13.5-linux-x86_64-gnu                    <download available>
cpython-3.13.5+freethreaded-linux-x86_64-gnu       <download available>
cpython-3.12.11-linux-x86_64-gnu                   <download available>
cpython-3.11.13-linux-x86_64-gnu                   <download available>
cpython-3.11.9-linux-x86_64-gnu                    /usr/bin/python3.11
cpython-3.11.9-linux-x86_64-gnu                    /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.11
cpython-3.11.9-linux-x86_64-gnu                    /usr/bin/python -> python3
cpython-3.10.18-linux-x86_64-gnu                   <download available>
cpython-3.9.23-linux-x86_64-gnu                    <download available>
cpython-3.8.20-linux-x86_64-gnu                    <download available>
pypy-3.11.13-linux-x86_64-gnu                      <download available>
pypy-3.10.16-linux-x86_64-gnu                      <download available>
pypy-3.9.19-linux-x86_64-gnu                       <download available>
pypy-3.8.16-linux-x86_64-gnu                       <download available>
graalpy-3.11.0-linux-x86_64-gnu                    <download available>
graalpy-3.10.0-linux-x86_64-gnu                    <download available>
graalpy-3.8.5-linux-x86_64-gnu                     <download available>

uv python install

假设需要安装 cpython-3.8.20-linux-x86_64-gnu，使用命令uv python install cpython-3.8，不过因为从github拉安装包，会timeout导致error。

bash 复制代码 
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ uv python install cpython-3.8
cpython-3.8.20-linux-x86_64-gnu (download) ------------------------------ 7.53 MiB/19.89 MiB
error: Failed to install cpython-3.8.20-linux-x86_64-gnu
  Caused by: Failed to extract archive: cpython-3.8.20-20241002-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz
  Caused by: I/O operation failed during extraction
  Caused by: failed to unpack `/home/kali/.local/share/uv/python/.temp/.tmp7iIfCn/python/lib/libpython3.8.so.1.0`
  Caused by: failed to unpack `python/lib/libpython3.8.so.1.0` into `/home/kali/.local/share/uv/python/.temp/.tmp7iIfCn/python/lib/libpython3.8.so.1.0`
  Caused by: error decoding response body
  Caused by: request or response body error
  Caused by: operation timed out

留意Caused by: Failed to extract archive: cpython-3.8.20-20241002-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz的日期20241002

到 uv 的 github 主页，找安装文件

地址：https://github.com/astral-sh/python-build-standalone

release里面并没有 cpython3.8

把release的url的日期修改成出错里的20241002再访问，再把上面的下载文件：
cpython-3.8.20-20241002-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz的文件名，改成
cpython-3.8.20+20241002-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz进行搜索，搜索后下载到本地即可。

下载到本地准备安装

下载到本地后，用virtualbox拖放进去或者scp进去

cmd 复制代码 
C:\Users\Administrator\Downloads>scp "cpython-3.8.20+20241002-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz" kali@192.168.56.103:~/Desktop
kali@192.168.56.103's password:
cpython-3.8.20+20241002-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz         100%   20MB 290.9MB/s   00:00

设置环境变量并安装

bash 复制代码 
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Desktop]
└─$ export UV_PYTHON_INSTALL_MIRROR=file:///home/kali/Desktop

┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Desktop]
└─$ mkdir 20241002

┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Desktop]
└─$ mv cpython-3.8.20+20241002-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz 20241002

┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Desktop]
└─$ uv python install cpython-3.8
Installed Python 3.8.20 in 481ms
 + cpython-3.8.20-linux-x86_64-gnu (python3.8)

┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Desktop]
└─$ tree
.
└── 20241002
    └── cpython-3.8.20+20241002-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only_stripped.tar.gz

验证安装结果

bash 复制代码 
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Desktop]
└─$ uv python list
cpython-3.14.0rc1-linux-x86_64-gnu                 <download available>
cpython-3.14.0rc1+freethreaded-linux-x86_64-gnu    <download available>
cpython-3.13.5-linux-x86_64-gnu                    <download available>
cpython-3.13.5+freethreaded-linux-x86_64-gnu       <download available>
cpython-3.12.11-linux-x86_64-gnu                   <download available>
cpython-3.11.13-linux-x86_64-gnu                   <download available>
cpython-3.11.9-linux-x86_64-gnu                    /usr/bin/python3.11
cpython-3.11.9-linux-x86_64-gnu                    /usr/bin/python3 -> python3.11
cpython-3.11.9-linux-x86_64-gnu                    /usr/bin/python -> python3
cpython-3.10.18-linux-x86_64-gnu                   <download available>
cpython-3.9.23-linux-x86_64-gnu                    <download available>
cpython-3.8.20-linux-x86_64-gnu                    /home/kali/.local/bin/python3.8 -> /home/kali/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.8.20-linux-x86_64-gnu/bin/python3.8
cpython-3.8.20-linux-x86_64-gnu                    /home/kali/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.8.20-linux-x86_64-gnu/bin/python3.8
pypy-3.11.13-linux-x86_64-gnu                      <download available>
pypy-3.10.16-linux-x86_64-gnu                      <download available>
pypy-3.9.19-linux-x86_64-gnu                       <download available>
pypy-3.8.16-linux-x86_64-gnu                       <download available>
graalpy-3.11.0-linux-x86_64-gnu                    <download available>
graalpy-3.10.0-linux-x86_64-gnu                    <download available>
graalpy-3.8.5-linux-x86_64-gnu                     <download available>
bash 复制代码 
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Desktop]
└─$ uv run -p 3.8 python -c "import os;os.system('python -V')"
Python 3.8.20

┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Desktop]
└─$ uv run -p 3.11 python -c "import os;os.system('python -V')"
Python 3.11.9
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