实现一个后台管理系统常见的标签页导航(TagsView)
标签页导航在web管理后台中常见的一个功能,被访问的页面会被展示在上面,,它能够帮助用户在多个页面间快速切换,保持工作上下文,从而提升操作效率。

功能设计:
完整的tagView功能由一下几部分组成:
vuex模板:集中管理标签的状态,添加,缓存,删除,刷新,固定标签操作。
tagsView组件:负责展示标签的渲染,交互,支持添加,关闭,刷新功能。
路由集成:与Vue Router深度集成,自动根据路由变化来添加和处理标签,缓存标签页面内容。
定义一个vuex模块来管理标签状态:
visitedViews: 存储用户访问过的页面信息,用于显示标签(路由对象)
cachedViews: 存储需要缓存的页面组件名称(路由name)
js
//src\store\modules\tagsView.js
const state = {
visitedViews: [], // 访问过的页面
cachedViews: [] // 缓存的页面
}
const mutations = {
ADD_VISITED_VIEW: (state, view) => {
if (state.visitedViews.some(v => v.path === view.path)) return
state.visitedViews.push(
Object.assign({}, view, {
title: view.meta.title || 'no-name'
})
)
},
ADD_CACHED_VIEW: (state, view) => {
if (state.cachedViews.includes(view.name)) return
if (!view.meta.noCache) {
state.cachedViews.push(view.name)
}
},
DEL_VISITED_VIEW: (state, view) => {
for (const [i, v] of state.visitedViews.entries()) {
if (v.path === view.path) {
state.visitedViews.splice(i, 1)
break
}
}
},
DEL_CACHED_VIEW: (state, view) => {
const index = state.cachedViews.indexOf(view.name)
index > -1 && state.cachedViews.splice(index, 1)
},
DEL_OTHERS_VISITED_VIEWS: (state, view) => {
state.visitedViews = state.visitedViews.filter(v => {
return v.meta.affix || v.path === view.path
})
},
DEL_OTHERS_CACHED_VIEWS: (state, view) => {
const index = state.cachedViews.indexOf(view.name)
if (index > -1) {
state.cachedViews = state.cachedViews.slice(index, index + 1)
} else {
// if index = -1, there is no cached tags
state.cachedViews = []
}
},
DEL_ALL_VISITED_VIEWS: state => {
// keep affix tags
const affixTags = state.visitedViews.filter(tag => tag.meta.affix)
state.visitedViews = affixTags
},
DEL_ALL_CACHED_VIEWS: state => {
state.cachedViews = []
},
UPDATE_VISITED_VIEW: (state, view) => {
for (let v of state.visitedViews) {
if (v.path === view.path) {
v = Object.assign(v, view)
break
}
}
}
}
const actions = {
addView({ dispatch }, view) {
dispatch('addVisitedView', view)
dispatch('addCachedView', view)
},
addVisitedView({ commit }, view) {
commit('ADD_VISITED_VIEW', view)
},
addCachedView({ commit }, view) {
commit('ADD_CACHED_VIEW', view)
},
delView({ dispatch, state }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
dispatch('delVisitedView', view)
dispatch('delCachedView', view)
resolve({
visitedViews: [...state.visitedViews],
cachedViews: [...state.cachedViews]
})
})
},
delVisitedView({ commit, state }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
commit('DEL_VISITED_VIEW', view)
resolve([...state.visitedViews])
})
},
delCachedView({ commit, state }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
commit('DEL_CACHED_VIEW', view)
resolve([...state.cachedViews])
})
},
delOthersViews({ dispatch, state }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
dispatch('delOthersVisitedViews', view)
dispatch('delOthersCachedViews', view)
resolve({
visitedViews: [...state.visitedViews],
cachedViews: [...state.cachedViews]
})
})
},
delOthersVisitedViews({ commit, state }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
commit('DEL_OTHERS_VISITED_VIEWS', view)
resolve([...state.visitedViews])
})
},
delOthersCachedViews({ commit, state }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
commit('DEL_OTHERS_CACHED_VIEWS', view)
resolve([...state.cachedViews])
})
},
delAllViews({ dispatch, state }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
dispatch('delAllVisitedViews', view)
dispatch('delAllCachedViews', view)
resolve({
visitedViews: [...state.visitedViews],
cachedViews: [...state.cachedViews]
})
})
},
delAllVisitedViews({ commit, state }) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
commit('DEL_ALL_VISITED_VIEWS')
resolve([...state.visitedViews])
})
},
delAllCachedViews({ commit, state }) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
commit('DEL_ALL_CACHED_VIEWS')
resolve([...state.cachedViews])
})
},
updateVisitedView({ commit }, view) {
commit('UPDATE_VISITED_VIEW', view)
}
}
export default {
namespaced: true,
state,
mutations,
actions
}
这个Vuex模块提供了所有必要的状态管理功能:
- 添加新标签,缓存标签
- 删除标签,缓存标签
- 关闭其他标签
- 关闭所有标签
tagsView组件
组件主要包括两大部分:标签页行,右键菜单
标签行:通过router-link进行导航
右键菜单:提供常用操作(刷新、关闭、关闭其他、关闭所有)
js
<template>
<div id="tags-view-container" class="tags-view-container">
<scroll-pane ref="scrollPane" class="tags-view-wrapper" @scroll="handleScroll">
<router-link
v-for="tag in visitedViews"
ref="tag"
:key="tag.path"
:class="isActive(tag)?'active':''"
:to="{ path: tag.path, query: tag.query, fullPath: tag.fullPath }"
tag="span"
class="tags-view-item"
@click.middle.native="!isAffix(tag)?closeSelectedTag(tag):''"
@contextmenu.prevent.native="openMenu(tag,$event)"
>
{{ tag.title }}
<span v-if="!isAffix(tag)" class="el-icon-close" @click.prevent.stop="closeSelectedTag(tag)" />
</router-link>
</scroll-pane>
<ul v-show="visible" :style="{left:left+'px',top:top+'px'}" class="contextmenu">
<li @click="refreshSelectedTag(selectedTag)">Refresh</li>
<li v-if="!isAffix(selectedTag)" @click="closeSelectedTag(selectedTag)">Close</li>
<li @click="closeOthersTags">Close Others</li>
<li @click="closeAllTags(selectedTag)">Close All</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
scroll-pane 组件:
ScrollPane 是一个基于 Element UI 的 el-scrollbar
组件封装的滚动容器,主要用于:
- 包装标签页项,提供横向滚动功能
- 当标签页数量过多无法全部显示时,支持鼠标滚轮横向滚动
- 支持自动滚动到指定标签页位置
js
<template>
<el-scrollbar ref="scrollContainer" :vertical="false" class="scroll-container" @wheel.native.prevent="handleScroll">
<slot />
</el-scrollbar>
</template>
<script>
const tagAndTagSpacing = 4 // tagAndTagSpacing
export default {
name: 'ScrollPane',
data() {
return {
left: 0
}
},
computed: {
scrollWrapper() {
return this.$refs.scrollContainer.$refs.wrap
}
},
mounted() {
this.scrollWrapper.addEventListener('scroll', this.emitScroll, true)
},
beforeDestroy() {
this.scrollWrapper.removeEventListener('scroll', this.emitScroll)
},
methods: {
handleScroll(e) {
const eventDelta = e.wheelDelta || -e.deltaY * 40
const $scrollWrapper = this.scrollWrapper
$scrollWrapper.scrollLeft = $scrollWrapper.scrollLeft + eventDelta / 4
},
emitScroll() {
this.$emit('scroll')
},
moveToTarget(currentTag) {
// 实现自动滚动逻辑,确保当前标签页可见 // 当切换标签页时,如果标签页不在可视区域内,则自动滚动到合适位置
const $container = this.$refs.scrollContainer.$el
const $containerWidth = $container.offsetWidth
const $scrollWrapper = this.scrollWrapper
const tagList = this.$parent.$refs.tag
let firstTag = null
let lastTag = null
// find first tag and last tag
if (tagList.length > 0) {
firstTag = tagList[0]
lastTag = tagList[tagList.length - 1]
}
if (firstTag === currentTag) {
$scrollWrapper.scrollLeft = 0
} else if (lastTag === currentTag) {
$scrollWrapper.scrollLeft = $scrollWrapper.scrollWidth - $containerWidth
} else {
// find preTag and nextTag
const currentIndex = tagList.findIndex(item => item === currentTag)
const prevTag = tagList[currentIndex - 1]
const nextTag = tagList[currentIndex + 1]
// the tag's offsetLeft after of nextTag
const afterNextTagOffsetLeft = nextTag.$el.offsetLeft + nextTag.$el.offsetWidth + tagAndTagSpacing
// the tag's offsetLeft before of prevTag
const beforePrevTagOffsetLeft = prevTag.$el.offsetLeft - tagAndTagSpacing
if (afterNextTagOffsetLeft > $scrollWrapper.scrollLeft + $containerWidth) {
$scrollWrapper.scrollLeft = afterNextTagOffsetLeft - $containerWidth
} else if (beforePrevTagOffsetLeft < $scrollWrapper.scrollLeft) {
$scrollWrapper.scrollLeft = beforePrevTagOffsetLeft
}
}
}
}
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.scroll-container {
white-space: nowrap;
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
width: 100%;
::v-deep {
.el-scrollbar__bar {
bottom: 0px;
}
.el-scrollbar__wrap {
height: 49px;
}
}
}
</style>
数据与computed:
获取当前访问过的页面与该用户可以访问的路由。
js
data() {
return {
visible: false,
top: 0,
left: 0,
selectedTag: {},
affixTags: []
}
},
computed: {
visitedViews() {
return this.$store.state.tagsView.visitedViews
},
routes() {
return this.$store.state.permission.routes
}
},
监听器: 监听当前路由和visible变化
当路由变化时,触发增加标签页,移动到当前标签页操作。
当 visible 为ture(右键菜单被打开时),点击页面别的地方,可以触发关闭右键菜单。
js
watch: {
$route() {
this.addTags()
this.moveToCurrentTag()
console.log(this.$route, 'route change')
},
visible(value) {
if (value) {
document.body.addEventListener('click', this.closeMenu)
} else {
document.body.removeEventListener('click', this.closeMenu)
}
}
},
生命周期:
组件被挂载时会初始标签页和加入标签。
初始化标签页:会把固定在标签页上的页面展示出来。 加入标签页:把当前的路由展示出来。
js
mounted() {
this.initTags()
this.addTags()
},
页面刷新重载:刷新当前tab页(不是整页刷新)功能是如何实现的?
将页面从缓存页面中清除,然后用重定向的方法重新进入当前页面,达到刷新的效果。 (由于组件已从缓存中移除,会重新创建并渲染组件)
使用重定向:
js
refreshSelectedTag(view) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/delCachedView', view).then(() => {
const { fullPath } = view
this.$nextTick(() => {
this.$router.replace({
path: '/redirect' + fullPath
})
})
})
},
页面刷新后标签状态不丢失,是通过什么实现的? 状态保持的实现方式是:
- 组件初始化时恢复状态 :在
TagsView
组件的 mounted 钩子中调用initTags
和addTags
方法,恢复固定标签页和当前路由标签页。 - 路由变化时更新状态 :通过监听
$route
变化,调用addTags
方法将当前路由添加到标签页中。 所以页面刷新后打开过的标签页除了当前打开的页面和固定页面不会消失,其他的标签页都会消失。 需要利用sessionStorage 或 localStorage 。 - 持久化存储(可选) :虽然默认模板没有实现,但可以通过修改代码,在状态变化时将 visitedViews 和 cachedViews 存储到 sessionStorage 或 localStorage 中,并在页面加载时恢复。
核心代码:
js
methods: {
isActive(route) {
return route.path === this.$route.path
},
isAffix(tag) {
return tag.meta && tag.meta.affix
},
filterAffixTags(routes, basePath = '/') {
let tags = []
routes.forEach(route => {
if (route.meta && route.meta.affix) {
const tagPath = path.resolve(basePath, route.path)
tags.push({
fullPath: tagPath,
path: tagPath,
name: route.name,
meta: { ...route.meta }
})
}
if (route.children) {
const tempTags = this.filterAffixTags(route.children, route.path)
if (tempTags.length >= 1) {
tags = [...tags, ...tempTags]
}
}
})
return tags
},
initTags() {
const affixTags = this.affixTags = this.filterAffixTags(this.routes)
for (const tag of affixTags) {
// Must have tag name
if (tag.name) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/addVisitedView', tag)
}
}
},
addTags() {
const { name } = this.$route
if (name) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/addView', this.$route)
}
return false
},
moveToCurrentTag() {
const tags = this.$refs.tag
this.$nextTick(() => {
for (const tag of tags) {
if (tag.to.path === this.$route.path) {
this.$refs.scrollPane.moveToTarget(tag)
// when query is different then update
if (tag.to.fullPath !== this.$route.fullPath) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/updateVisitedView', this.$route)
}
break
}
}
})
},
refreshSelectedTag(view) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/delCachedView', view).then(() => {
const { fullPath } = view
// guide/index
this.$nextTick(() => {
this.$router.replace({
path: '/redirect' + fullPath
})
})
})
},
closeSelectedTag(view) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/delView', view).then(({ visitedViews }) => {
if (this.isActive(view)) {
this.toLastView(visitedViews, view)
}
})
},
closeOthersTags() {
this.$router.push(this.selectedTag)
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/delOthersViews', this.selectedTag).then(() => {
this.moveToCurrentTag()
})
},
closeAllTags(view) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/delAllViews').then(({ visitedViews }) => {
if (this.affixTags.some(tag => tag.path === view.path)) {
return
}
this.toLastView(visitedViews, view)
})
},
toLastView(visitedViews, view) {
const latestView = visitedViews.slice(-1)[0]
if (latestView) {
// 打开最新访问过的页面
this.$router.push(latestView.fullPath)
} else {
// now the default is to redirect to the home page if there is no tags-view,
// you can adjust it according to your needs.
if (view.name === 'Dashboard') {
// to reload home page
this.$router.replace({ path: '/redirect' + view.fullPath })
} else {
this.$router.push('/')
}
}
},
// 打开右键菜单
openMenu(tag, e) {
const menuMinWidth = 105
const offsetLeft = this.$el.getBoundingClientRect().left // container margin left
const offsetWidth = this.$el.offsetWidth // container width
const maxLeft = offsetWidth - menuMinWidth // left boundary
const left = e.clientX - offsetLeft + 15 // 15: margin right
if (left > maxLeft) {
this.left = maxLeft
} else {
this.left = left
}
this.top = e.clientY
this.visible = true
this.selectedTag = tag
},
closeMenu() {
this.visible = false
},
handleScroll() {
this.closeMenu()
}
}
完整代码:
js
<template>
<div id="tags-view-container" class="tags-view-container">
<scroll-pane ref="scrollPane" class="tags-view-wrapper" @scroll="handleScroll">
<router-link
v-for="tag in visitedViews"
ref="tag"
:key="tag.path"
:class="isActive(tag)?'active':''"
:to="{ path: tag.path, query: tag.query, fullPath: tag.fullPath }"
tag="span"
class="tags-view-item"
@click.middle.native="!isAffix(tag)?closeSelectedTag(tag):''"
@contextmenu.prevent.native="openMenu(tag,$event)"
>
{{ tag.title }}
<span v-if="!isAffix(tag)" class="el-icon-close" @click.prevent.stop="closeSelectedTag(tag)" />
</router-link>
</scroll-pane>
<ul v-show="visible" :style="{left:left+'px',top:top+'px'}" class="contextmenu">
<li @click="refreshSelectedTag(selectedTag)">Refresh</li>
<li v-if="!isAffix(selectedTag)" @click="closeSelectedTag(selectedTag)">Close</li>
<li @click="closeOthersTags">Close Others</li>
<li @click="closeAllTags(selectedTag)">Close All</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import ScrollPane from './ScrollPane'
import path from 'path'
export default {
components: { ScrollPane },
data() {
return {
visible: false,
top: 0,
left: 0,
selectedTag: {},
affixTags: []
}
},
computed: {
visitedViews() {
return this.$store.state.tagsView.visitedViews
},
routes() {
return this.$store.state.permission.routes
}
},
watch: {
$route() {
this.addTags()
this.moveToCurrentTag()
console.log(this.$route, 'route change')
},
visible(value) {
if (value) {
document.body.addEventListener('click', this.closeMenu)
} else {
document.body.removeEventListener('click', this.closeMenu)
}
}
},
mounted() {
this.initTags()
this.addTags()
},
methods: {
isActive(route) {
return route.path === this.$route.path
},
isAffix(tag) {
return tag.meta && tag.meta.affix
},
filterAffixTags(routes, basePath = '/') {
let tags = []
routes.forEach(route => {
if (route.meta && route.meta.affix) {
const tagPath = path.resolve(basePath, route.path)
tags.push({
fullPath: tagPath,
path: tagPath,
name: route.name,
meta: { ...route.meta }
})
}
if (route.children) {
const tempTags = this.filterAffixTags(route.children, route.path)
if (tempTags.length >= 1) {
tags = [...tags, ...tempTags]
}
}
})
return tags
},
initTags() {
const affixTags = this.affixTags = this.filterAffixTags(this.routes)
for (const tag of affixTags) {
// Must have tag name
if (tag.name) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/addVisitedView', tag)
}
}
},
addTags() {
const { name } = this.$route
if (name) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/addView', this.$route)
}
return false
},
moveToCurrentTag() {
const tags = this.$refs.tag
this.$nextTick(() => {
for (const tag of tags) {
if (tag.to.path === this.$route.path) {
this.$refs.scrollPane.moveToTarget(tag)
// when query is different then update
if (tag.to.fullPath !== this.$route.fullPath) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/updateVisitedView', this.$route)
}
break
}
}
})
},
refreshSelectedTag(view) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/delCachedView', view).then(() => {
const { fullPath } = view
// guide/index
this.$nextTick(() => {
this.$router.replace({
path: '/redirect' + fullPath
})
})
})
},
closeSelectedTag(view) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/delView', view).then(({ visitedViews }) => {
if (this.isActive(view)) {
this.toLastView(visitedViews, view)
}
})
},
closeOthersTags() {
this.$router.push(this.selectedTag)
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/delOthersViews', this.selectedTag).then(() => {
this.moveToCurrentTag()
})
},
closeAllTags(view) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/delAllViews').then(({ visitedViews }) => {
if (this.affixTags.some(tag => tag.path === view.path)) {
return
}
this.toLastView(visitedViews, view)
})
},
toLastView(visitedViews, view) {
const latestView = visitedViews.slice(-1)[0]
if (latestView) {
// 打开最新访问过的页面
this.$router.push(latestView.fullPath)
} else {
// now the default is to redirect to the home page if there is no tags-view,
// you can adjust it according to your needs.
if (view.name === 'Dashboard') {
// to reload home page
this.$router.replace({ path: '/redirect' + view.fullPath })
} else {
this.$router.push('/')
}
}
},
// 打开右键菜单
openMenu(tag, e) {
const menuMinWidth = 105
const offsetLeft = this.$el.getBoundingClientRect().left // container margin left
const offsetWidth = this.$el.offsetWidth // container width
const maxLeft = offsetWidth - menuMinWidth // left boundary
const left = e.clientX - offsetLeft + 15 // 15: margin right
if (left > maxLeft) {
this.left = maxLeft
} else {
this.left = left
}
this.top = e.clientY
this.visible = true
this.selectedTag = tag
},
closeMenu() {
this.visible = false
},
handleScroll() {
this.closeMenu()
}
}
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.tags-view-container {
height: 34px;
width: 100%;
background: #fff;
border-bottom: 1px solid #d8dce5;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .12), 0 0 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .04);
.tags-view-wrapper {
.tags-view-item {
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
cursor: pointer;
height: 26px;
line-height: 26px;
border: 1px solid #d8dce5;
color: #495060;
background: #fff;
padding: 0 8px;
font-size: 12px;
margin-left: 5px;
margin-top: 4px;
&:first-of-type {
margin-left: 15px;
}
&:last-of-type {
margin-right: 15px;
}
&.active {
background-color: #42b983;
color: #fff;
border-color: #42b983;
&::before {
content: '';
background: #fff;
display: inline-block;
width: 8px;
height: 8px;
border-radius: 50%;
position: relative;
margin-right: 2px;
}
}
}
}
.contextmenu {
margin: 0;
background: #fff;
z-index: 3000;
position: absolute;
list-style-type: none;
padding: 5px 0;
border-radius: 4px;
font-size: 12px;
font-weight: 400;
color: #333;
box-shadow: 2px 2px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .3);
li {
margin: 0;
padding: 7px 16px;
cursor: pointer;
&:hover {
background: #eee;
}
}
}
}
</style>
<style lang="scss">
//reset element css of el-icon-close
.tags-view-wrapper {
.tags-view-item {
.el-icon-close {
width: 16px;
height: 16px;
vertical-align: 2px;
border-radius: 50%;
text-align: center;
transition: all .3s cubic-bezier(.645, .045, .355, 1);
transform-origin: 100% 50%;
&:before {
transform: scale(.6);
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: -3px;
}
&:hover {
background-color: #b4bccc;
color: #fff;
}
}
}
}
</style>