Windows下右键编辑js文件无法打开记事本——在注册表中使用环境变量

我在Windows上遇到了一个奇怪的问题，不知道怎么描述好。

右键后缀名为js的文件，选择"编辑"，正常情况会打开记事本。但当我这么做时，弹出对话框：

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[Window Title]
C:\[FAKE_PATH]\server.js

[Content]
Windows cannot access the specified device, path, or file. You may not have the appropriate permissions to access the item.

[OK]

我创建了一个vbs文件，然后右键编辑，可以正常打开。

我又检查了js和vbs的注册表相关键，发现是一样的。

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Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2026-02-23 - 13:56
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            VBScript Script File

Value 1
  Name:            FriendlyTypeName
  Type:            REG_EXPAND_SZ
  Data:            @%SystemRoot%\System32\wshext.dll,-4802


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\DefaultIcon
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_EXPAND_SZ
  Data:            %SystemRoot%\System32\WScript.exe,2


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\ScriptEngine
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            VBScript


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\ScriptHostEncode
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            {85131631-480C-11D2-B1F9-00C04F86C324}


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            Open


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Edit
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17

Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Edit\Command
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2026-04-06 - 09:17
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_EXPAND_SZ
  Data:            %SystemRoot%\system32\notepad.exe %1


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Open
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17

Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Open\Command
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_EXPAND_SZ
  Data:            "%SystemRoot%\System32\WScript.exe" "%1" %*


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Open2
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_EXPAND_SZ
  Data:            Open &with Command Prompt

Value 1
  Name:            MUIVerb
  Type:            REG_EXPAND_SZ
  Data:            @%SystemRoot%\System32\wshext.dll,-4511


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Open2\Command
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_EXPAND_SZ
  Data:            "%SystemRoot%\System32\CScript.exe" "%1" %*


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Print
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17

Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\Shell\Print\Command
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2025-10-23 - 19:51
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_EXPAND_SZ
  Data:            C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe "%1"


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\ShellEx
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17

Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\ShellEx\DropHandler
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            {60254CA5-953B-11CF-8C96-00AA00B8708C}


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\ShellEx\PropertySheetHandlers
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17

Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\VBSFile\ShellEx\PropertySheetHandlers\WSHProps
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            {60254CA5-953B-11CF-8C96-00AA00B8708C}


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2026-02-23 - 13:56
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            JavaScript File

Value 1
  Name:            FriendlyTypeName
  Type:            REG_EXPAND_SZ
  Data:            @%SystemRoot%\System32\wshext.dll,-4804


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\DefaultIcon
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2025-10-11 - 13:45
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            C:\Windows\System32\WScript.exe,3


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\ScriptEngine
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            JScript


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\ScriptHostEncode
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            {85131630-480C-11D2-B1F9-00C04F86C324}


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            Open


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Edit
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17

Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Edit\Command
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2026-04-17 - 21:00
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            %SystemRoot%\system32\notepad.exe %1


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Open
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17

Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Open\Command
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2025-10-11 - 13:45
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            C:\Windows\System32\WScript.exe "%1" %*


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Open2
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2025-10-11 - 13:45
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            Open &with Command Prompt

Value 1
  Name:            MUIVerb
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            @C:\Windows\System32\wshext.dll,-4511


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Open2\Command
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2025-10-11 - 13:45
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            C:\Windows\System32\CScript.exe "%1" %*


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Print
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17

Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Print\Command
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2025-10-23 - 19:46
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe "%1"


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\ShellEx
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17

Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\ShellEx\DropHandler
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            {60254CA5-953B-11CF-8C96-00AA00B8708C}


Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\ShellEx\PropertySheetHandlers
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17

Key Name:          HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\ShellEx\PropertySheetHandlers\WSHProps
Class Name:        <NO CLASS>
Last Write Time:   2019-12-07 - 17:17
Value 0
  Name:            <NO NAME>
  Type:            REG_SZ
  Data:            {60254CA5-953B-11CF-8C96-00AA00B8708C}

......等等，真的一样吗？

仔细对比 Shell\Edit\Command 下的默认值，发现：

VBSFile\Shell\Edit\Command 的默认值类型为 REG_EXPAND_SZ
JSFile\Shell\Edit\Command 的默认值类型为 REG_SZ

两者的数据内容相同，均为 %SystemRoot%\system32\notepad.exe %1，但类型不同导致了不同的行为。

%SystemRoot% 是一个环境变量，指向 Windows 系统目录（如 C:\Windows）。REG_EXPAND_SZ 类型会由系统自动将环境变量展开为实际路径，而 REG_SZ 类型只是普通字符串，系统不会对其进行展开。因此，当右键编辑 .js 文件时，Windows 尝试去寻找一个字面名为 %SystemRoot% 的路径，自然无法找到，于是报出"无法访问指定的设备、路径或文件"的错误。

但经过尝试，注册表键的默认值（即名称为空的值）无法直接修改为 REG_EXPAND_SZ 类型。

直接新建"可扩充字符串值"，系统也会要求输入一个名称，无法留空。

解决方法是使用 reg 命令。

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REG ADD KeyName [/v ValueName | /ve] [/t Type] [/s Separator] [/d Data] [/f]
        [/reg:32 | /reg:64]

  KeyName  [\\Machine\]FullKey
           Machine  Name of remote machine - omitting defaults to the
                    current machine. Only HKLM and HKU are available on remote
                    machines.
           FullKey  ROOTKEY\SubKey
           ROOTKEY  [ HKLM | HKCU | HKCR | HKU | HKCC ]
           SubKey   The full name of a registry key under the selected ROOTKEY.

  /v       The value name, under the selected Key, to add.

  /ve      adds an empty value name (Default) for the key.

  /t       RegKey data types
           [ REG_SZ    | REG_MULTI_SZ | REG_EXPAND_SZ |
             REG_DWORD | REG_QWORD    | REG_BINARY    | REG_NONE ]
           If omitted, REG_SZ is assumed.

  /s       Specify one character that you use as the separator in your data
           string for REG_MULTI_SZ. If omitted, use "\0" as the separator.

  /d       The data to assign to the registry ValueName being added.

  /f       Force overwriting the existing registry entry without prompt.

  /reg:32  Specifies the key should be accessed using the 32-bit registry view.

  /reg:64  Specifies the key should be accessed using the 64-bit registry view.

Examples:

  REG ADD \\ABC\HKLM\Software\MyCo
    Adds a key HKLM\Software\MyCo on remote machine ABC

  REG ADD HKLM\Software\MyCo /v Data /t REG_BINARY /d fe340ead
    Adds a value (name: Data, type: REG_BINARY, data: fe340ead)

  REG ADD HKLM\Software\MyCo /v MRU /t REG_MULTI_SZ /d fax\0mail
    Adds a value (name: MRU, type: REG_MULTI_SZ, data: fax\0mail\0\0)

  REG ADD HKLM\Software\MyCo /v Path /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /d ^%systemroot^%
    Adds a value (name: Path, type: REG_EXPAND_SZ, data: %systemroot%)
    Notice:  Use the caret symbol ( ^ ) inside the expand string

以管理员身份打开命令提示符，执行以下命令：

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reg add "HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\JSFile\Shell\Edit\Command" /ve /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /d "%SystemRoot%\system32\notepad.exe %1"

执行后提示操作成功完成，回到 regedit 刷新即可看到默认值已变为 REG_EXPAND_SZ。此时右键编辑 .js 文件，记事本正常打开。

此文章约40%由LLM辅助编写。