第一部分：知识点
一、句子类型
1. 简单句
- 定义：一个主语 + 一个谓语动词
- 例句：I love English.
2. 并列句
- 定义：由逗号(,)或并列连词(and/or/but/so/yet)连接
- 例句：I love English, and she loves math.
3. 复合句（主句 + 从句）
- 定义：由从句引导词（when/if/that/who/where等）开头
- 从句类型：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句
- 例句：I know who she is.
4. 并列复合句
- 定义：包含并列句和复合句的特征
- 例句：I love English, and she knows what I mean.
二、时态
1. 一般现在时
- 用法：经常性、习惯性动作；客观事实；真理
- 结构：主语 + 动词原形/第三人称单数形式
2. 现在进行时
- 用法：正在进行的动作
- 结构：主语 + be(am/is/are) + 动词-ing
3. 一般将来时
- 用法：将要发生的动作
- 结构：主语 + will + 动词原形 / 主语 + be going to + 动词原形
4. 过去进行时
- 用法：过去某个时刻正在进行的动作
- 结构：主语 + was/were + 动词-ing
5. 过去完成时
- 用法：过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作
- 结构：主语 + had + 过去分词
三、被动语态
1. 被动语态的构成
- 结构：be + 过去分词(p.p.)
- 一般现在时：am/is/are + p.p.
- 一般过去时：was/were + p.p.
- 一般将来时：will be + p.p.
2. 各种时态的被动语态
- 现在进行时：am/is/are being + p.p.
- 过去进行时：was/were being + p.p.
- 现在完成时：have/has been + p.p.
- 过去完成时：had been + p.p.
- 将来完成时：will have been + p.p.
四、虚拟语气
1. If 条件句（与现在事实相反）
- 结构：If + 主语 + 过去式(were), 主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形
- 例句：If I were you, I would go.
2. If 条件句（与过去事实相反）
- 结构：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词, 主语 + would/could/might have + 过去分词
- 例句：If I had known, I would have come.
3. If only / I wish
- 与现在相反：If only/I wish + 主语 + 过去式(were)
- 与过去相反：If only/I wish + 主语 + had + 过去分词
- 例句：I wish I were a bird.
五、情态动词
1. would rather
- 用法：表示"宁愿"
- 结构：would rather do A than do B / would rather not do
- 例句：I would rather stay at home than go out.
2. would as (做替代)
- 结构：would as if/though
- 例句：He acted as if nothing had happened.
六、分词
1. 现在分词（-ing）
- 用法：做定语、表语、状语、宾补
- 例句：The sleeping baby is cute.
2. 过去分词
- 用法：做定语、表语、宾补
- 例句：The broken glass is on the floor.
3. 分词做状语
- 用法：表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随
- 例句：Walking in the street, I met her.
七、名词
1. 可数名词
- 规则变化：加-s/-es
- 不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, child→children, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice
2. 不可数名词
- 特点：无复数形式，不能用a/an
- 常见：water, milk, bread, rice, meat, tea, coffee, weather, information, advice, homework
3. 可数不可数两用
- food → foods （不同种类）；fish → fish/fishes
- paper → papers （报纸/论文）；wood → woods（树林）
- time → times （时代）；work → works（作品/工厂）
八、冠词
1. 不定冠词 a/an
- a：用于辅音音素开头单词前
- an：用于元音音素开头单词前
- 用法：首次提到、表示"一个"
2. 定冠词 the
- 用法：特指、再次提到、独一无二的事物、乐器、姓氏复数
3. 零冠词
- 用法：复数名词表类别、学科、季节、月份、节日、三餐、球类运动
九、形容词/副词比较级
1. 规则变化
- 一般加-er/-est：tall → taller → tallest
- 以e结尾加-r/-st：nice → nicer → nicest
- 辅音+y结尾，变y为i加-er/-est：happy → happier → happiest
- 重读闭音节双写加-er/-est：big → bigger → biggest
- 多音节词前加more/most：beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful
2. 不规则变化
- good/well → better → best
- bad/badly → worse → worst
- many/much → more → most
- little → less → least
- far → farther/further → farthest/furthest
十、常见高频词组
look 系列
- look like 看起来像
- look at 看
- look after 照顾
- look for 寻找
- look up 查阅
- look out 小心
- look over 检查
turn 系列
- turn on 打开
- turn off 关闭
- turn up 调高/出现
- turn down 调低/拒绝
- turn into 变成
- turn out 结果是
get 系列
- get on 上车
- get off 下车
- get up 起床
- get along with 与...相处
- get ready for 准备
put 系列
- put on 穿上
- put off 推迟
- put up 举起/搭建
- put down 放下
- put away 收好
make 系列
- make up 组成/编造
- make friends 交朋友
- make noise 制造噪音
- make a decision 做决定
have 系列
- have a cold 感冒
- have a fever 发烧
- have a cough 咳嗽
- have a headache 头痛
- have a toothache 牙痛
take 系列
- take a walk 散步
- take photos 拍照
- take medicine 吃药
- take it easy 放松
- take care of 照顾
give 系列
- give birth to 生孩子
- give a talk 做报告
- give up 放弃
- give away 赠送
- give back 归还
第二部分：练习题（打乱顺序）
一、单项选择
题目 1：All the students in our class _______ sports. A. like B. likes C. is liking D. are liking
题目 2：When I got to the airport, the plane _______. A. has already taken off B. had already taken off C. already took off D. was already taking off
题目 3：If I _______ enough money, I would buy a car. A. have B. had C. would have D. will have
题目 4：I wish I _______ a bird. A. am B. was C. were D. be
题目 5：He would rather _______ at home than _______ out. A. stay; go B. to stay; to go C. staying; going D. stayed; went
题目 6：The doctor _______ is treating my mother is very experienced. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
题目 7：My aunt looks after _______ baby. A. a B. an C. the D. /
题目 8：He was _______ late for school. A. good B. well C. better D. best
题目 9：She always _______ her homework. A. do B. does C. did D. doesn't do
题目 10：The boy _______ to school every day. A. go B. goes C. going D. to go
题目 11：There _______ some water in the cup. A. is B. are C. was D. were
题目 12：He _______ to Beijing tomorrow. A. goes B. went C. will go D. go
题目 13：He often _______ TV in the evening. A. watches B. watch C. watched D. watching
题目 14：The book _______ yesterday. A. is written B. was written C. writes D. wrote
题目 15：If I _______ you, I would tell him the truth. A. am B. was C. were D. be
题目 16：The work _______ by the end of last month. A. was finished B. had been finished C. would be finished D. has been finished
题目 17：I would rather you _______ tomorrow. A. come B. came C. to come D. coming
题目 18：_______ the weather improves, we will cancel the match. A. Unless B. If C. Because D. Since
题目 19：He acted as if he _______ the owner of the house. A. is B. was C. were D. be
题目 20：The students were listening to _______ teacher carefully. A. their B. they C. them D. themselves
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
题目 21：The reporter _______ (write) the story yesterday.
题目 22：He _______ (run) in the race since 10 o'clock this morning.
题目 23：By the time he _______ (arrive), the meeting _______ (start).
题目 24：The house _______ (build) last year looks beautiful.
题目 25：If I _______ (have) a million dollars, I would buy a big house.
题目 26：I wish I _______ (be) a doctor.
题目 27：The students are busy _______ (prepare) for the exam.
题目 28：He was seen _______ (enter) the building just now.
题目 29：_______ (work) hard, you will succeed.
题目 30：The _______ (break) window needs to be repaired.
第三部分：答案
一、单项选择答案
| 题号 | 答案 | 解析 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | all the students 是复数，动词用原形 |
| 2 | B | "got to"是过去时间，"already took off"是过去的过去，用过去完成时 |
| 3 | B | 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句用过去式 |
| 4 | C | wish与现在事实相反，用过去式(were) |
| 5 | A | would rather do A than do B |
| 6 | A | 定语从句，先行词是doctor，指人，用who |
| 7 | A | baby以辅音开头，用a |
| 8 | B | late是副词，用well修饰 |
| 9 | B | She是第三人称单数，always一般现在时用does |
| 10 | B | The boy是第三人称单数，用goes |
| 11 | A | water是不可数名词，用is |
| 12 | C | tomorrow一般将来时，用will go |
| 13 | A | He是第三人称单数，用watches |
| 14 | B | 过去时的被动语态，用was written |
| 15 | C | 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，用were |
| 16 | B | 过去的过去，用过去完成时的被动语态 |
| 17 | B | would rather后接过去式表示与现在事实相反 |
| 18 | A | 除非天气好转，否则取消比赛 |
| 19 | B | as if后接过去式表示与现在事实相反 |
| 20 | A | their teacher他们的老师 |
二、用所给词的适当形式填空答案
| 题号 | 答案 | 解析 |
|---|---|---|
| 21 | wrote | yesterday用一般过去时 |
| 22 | has been running | since + 过去时间，现在完成进行时 |
| 23 | arrived, had started | 主句用过去完成时 |
| 24 | built | 过去分词作定语 |
| 25 | had | 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 |
| 26 | were | wish与现在事实相反 |
| 27 | preparing | be busy doing忙做某事 |
| 28 | entering | see sb. doing看到...正在做 |
| 29 | Working | 分词做状语 |
| 30 | broken | 过去分词作定语 |
附录：常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词对照表
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 |
|---|---|---|
| be | was/were | been |
| have | had | had |
| do | did | done |
| go | went | gone |
| come | came | come |
| see | saw | seen |
| know | knew | known |
| take | took | taken |
| give | gave | given |
| write | wrote | written |
| read | read | read |
| buy | bought | bought |
| bring | brought | brought |
| build | built | built |
| break | broke | broken |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| tell | told | told |
| find | found | found |
| think | thought | thought |
| become | became | become |
| leave | left | left |
| put | put | put |
| let | let | let |
| begin | began | begun |
| grow | grew | grown |
| run | ran | run |
| stand | stood | stood |
| hear | heard | heard |
| meet | met | met |
| learn | learned/learnt | learned/learnt |
| pay | paid | paid |
| keep | kept | kept |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| sit | sat | sat |
| spread | spread | spread |
| win | won | won |
| sing | sang | sung |
| swim | swam | swum |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| cut | cut | cut |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| fly | flew | flown |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| lead | led | led |
| lie | lay | lain |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| prove | proved | proved/proven |
| set | set | set |
| shine | shone/shined | shone/shined |
| show | showed | showed/shown |
| shut | shut | shut |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| smell | smelled/smelt | smelled/smelt |
| speed | sped/speeded | sped/speeded |
| spend | spent | spent |
| spread | spread | spread |
| stand | stood | stood |
| stick | stuck | stuck |
| strike | struck | struck |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tell | told | told |
| understand | understood | understood |
| wake | woke/waked | woken/waked |
| wear | wore | worn |
| win | won | won |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| drive | drove | driven |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| overcome | overcame | overcome |
| overtake | overtook | overtaken |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| shall | should | - |
| should | should | - |
| will | would | - |
| would | would | - |