Ansible部署与实施PlayBook

计算机名称	IP	角色
workstation	192.168.182.130	管理
servera	192.168.182.131	被管理
serverb	192.168.182.132	被管理
serverc	192.168.182.133	被管理

部署

控制节点

官方文档

Ansible易于安装。只需要安装到要运行它的一个或多个控制节点上。由Ansbile管理的主机不需要安装Ansible。

控制节点需要安装Python3（3.5以上）或python2（2.7以上）

bash 复制代码

yum install python36 -y
yum install epel-release -y
yum install ansible -y

bash 复制代码

#使用setup模块验证版本
[root@workstation ~]# ansible -m setup localhost | grep ansible_python_version
        "ansible_python_version": "2.7.5",

受管主机

官方文档

bash 复制代码

yum install python36 -y

构建清单

定义清单

清单定义ansible将要管理的一批主机。这些主机也可以分配到组中，以进行集中管理。组可以包含子组，主机也可以时多个组的成员。清单还可以设置应用带它所定义的主机和组的变量。

静态清单指定受管主机

静态清单文件是指定ansible目标受管主机的文本文件(INI/YAML).

ansible相关文章

配置资产文件inventory.ini

bash 复制代码

[root@workstation ~]# cat inventory.ini
[my_servers]
servera
serverb
serverc

主机名解析

bash 复制代码

[root@workstation ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.182.131 servera
192.168.182.132 serverb
192.168.182.133 serverc

实施PlayBook

官方文档

运行PlayBook

ansible-playbook 命令可用于运行playboo。该命令在控制节点运行，要运行的playbook的名称作为参数传递。

实例

yaml 复制代码

[root@workstation ~]# cat webserver.yml
---
- name: setup web server
  hosts: my_servers
  tasks:
  - name: latest httpd
    yum:
      name: httpd
      state: latest

在my_server下的servera安装

bash 复制代码

[root@workstation ~]# ansible-playbook -i inventory.ini  webserver.yml --limit servera

PLAY [setup web server] ************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************
ok: [servera]

TASK [latest httpd] ****************************************************************************************

changed: [servera]

PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************
servera                    : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

检查

bash 复制代码

[root@servera ~]# systemctl start httpd

[root@servera ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2023-07-19 06:24:23 EDT; 53s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 15578 (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─15578 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─15579 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─15580 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─15581 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─15582 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─15583 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Jul 19 06:24:23 servera systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Jul 19 06:24:23 servera httpd[15578]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully...sage
Jul 19 06:24:23 servera systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

执行playbook前，最好进行验证，确保内容预防正确无误

bash 复制代码

[root@workstation ~]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check webserver.yml
[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available. Note that the implicit localhost does
not match 'all'
[WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: my_servers

playbook: webserver.yml

这样说明格式正确

修改webserver.yml

yaml 复制代码

[root@workstation ~]# cat webserver.yml
---
- name: setup web server
  hosts: my_servers
  tasks:
  - name:latest httpd
    yum:
      name: httpd
      state: latest

bash 复制代码

[root@workstation ~]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check webserver.yml
[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available. Note that the implicit localhost does
not match 'all'
ERROR! We were unable to read either as JSON nor YAML, these are the errors we got from each:
JSON: No JSON object could be decoded

Syntax Error while loading YAML.
  mapping values are not allowed in this context

The error appears to be in '/root/webserver.yml': line 6, column 8, but may
be elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.

The offending line appears to be:

  - name:latest httpd
    yum:
       ^ here

说明出现问题

-C选项对playbook执行空运行。会使Ansible报告在执行该playbook时将会发生什么更改并不会对受管主机进行任何更改。

bash 复制代码

[root@workstation ~]# ansible-playbook -C webserver.yml
[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available. Note that the implicit localhost does
not match 'all'
[WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: my_servers

PLAY [setup web server] ************************************************************************************
skipping: no hosts matched

PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************