编写简单的.gitlab-ci.yml打包部署项目

服务器说明：

192.168.192.120：项目服务器

192.168.192.121：GitLab

为了可以使用gitlab的cicd功能，我们需要先安装GitLab Runner

安装GitLab Runner参考：

GitLab实现CICD自动化部署_gitlab cidi_程序员xiaoQ的博客-CSDN博客

手动在 GNU/Linux 上安装极狐GitLab Runner | 极狐GitLab

安装好GitLab Runner，我们主要编写.gitlab-ci.yml

在GitLab管理员界面，找到Settings -> CI/CD -> Variables，添加STAGING_PRIVATE_KEY变量

需要在192.168.192.120服务器执行ssh-keygen生成密钥对，其中STAGING_PRIVATE_KEY的值为私钥

在192.168.192.120服务器执行下面操作：

1.ssh-keygen，不要输入密码，直接回车

2.cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa，复制私钥到STAGING_PRIVATE_KEY

3.cd /root/.ssh/ && cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys， 把 ssh 公钥添加到认证授权文件，这样可以不需要输入密码

以上操作参考：基于 gitlab 的持续集成2 · 大专栏

gitlab管理后台，增加变量

.gitlab-ci.yml内容：

# This file is a template, and might need editing before it works on your project.
# This is a sample GitLab CI/CD configuration file that should run without any modifications.
# It demonstrates a basic 3 stage CI/CD pipeline. Instead of real tests or scripts,
# it uses echo commands to simulate the pipeline execution.
#
# A pipeline is composed of independent jobs that run scripts, grouped into stages.
# Stages run in sequential order, but jobs within stages run in parallel.
#
# For more information, see: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/index.html#stages
#
# You can copy and paste this template into a new `.gitlab-ci.yml` file.
# You should not add this template to an existing `.gitlab-ci.yml` file by using the `include:` keyword.
#
# To contribute improvements to CI/CD templates, please follow the Development guide at:
# https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/development/cicd/templates.html
# This specific template is located at:
# https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Getting-Started.gitlab-ci.yml

before_script:
  - 'which ssh-agent || ( apt-get update -y && apt-get install openssh-client -y )'
  - eval $(ssh-agent -s)
  - ssh-add <(echo "$STAGING_PRIVATE_KEY")
  - echo $STAGING_PRIVATE_KEY

stages:          # List of stages for jobs, and their order of execution
  - build
  - test
  - deploy


variables:
  PROJECT_NAME: ${CI_PROJECT_NAME}
  PROJECT_DIR: ${CI_PROJECT_DIR}

build-job:       # This job runs in the build stage, which runs first.
  stage: build
  script:
    - echo ${PROJECT_NAME}
    - echo ${PROJECT_DIR}
    - cd ${PROJECT_DIR} && cd ..
    - tar -cf "${PROJECT_NAME}.tar" ${PROJECT_NAME}
    - scp -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no project.tar root@192.168.192.120:/root/gitlab/
    - ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@192.168.192.120 "
      cd /root/gitlab && 
      tar -xf project.tar && 
      pwd && 
      ls && 
      echo 'exit' && 
      exit
      "
    - echo "Compiling the code..."
    - echo "Compile complete."

unit-test-job:   # This job runs in the test stage.
  stage: test    # It only starts when the job in the build stage completes successfully.
  script:
    - echo "Running unit tests... This will take about 60 seconds."
    - sleep 60
    - echo "Code coverage is 90%"

lint-test-job:   # This job also runs in the test stage.
  stage: test    # It can run at the same time as unit-test-job (in parallel).
  script:
    - echo "Linting code... This will take about 10 seconds."
    - sleep 10
    - echo "No lint issues found."

deploy-job:      # This job runs in the deploy stage.
  stage: deploy  # It only runs when *both* jobs in the test stage complete successfully.
  environment: production
  script:
    - echo "Deploying application..."
    - echo "Application successfully deployed."

部分说明：

# 不存在ssh-agent就下载安装
'which ssh-agent || ( apt-get update -y && apt-get install openssh-client -y )'

# ssh-agent是一个密钥管理器，运行ssh-agent以后，使用ssh-add将私钥交给ssh-agent保管，其他程序需要身份验证的时候可以将验证申请交给ssh-agent来完成整个认证过程
eval $(ssh-agent -s)

# ssh-add命令是把专用密钥添加到ssh-agent的高速缓存中,从而提高ssh的认证速度
ssh-add <(echo "$STAGING_PRIVATE_KEY")

# scp -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no，ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no中的
StrictHostKeyChecking=no去掉对主机的验证检查
scp -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no project.tar root@192.168.192.120:/root/gitlab/
ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@192.168.192.120

# 在192.168.192.120服务器执行以下命令
cd /root/gitlab && 
tar -xf project.tar && 
pwd && 
ls && 
echo 'exit' && 
exit

分支内容：执行情况：

192.168.192.120服务器上的内容：

可能出现的报错：

"Enter passphrase for /dev/fd/63" error (#1) · Issues · GitLab-examples / ssh-private-key · GitLab

[Gitlab CI/CD] Error loading key "/dev/fd/63": invalid format_wifiiiiiiii的博客-CSDN博客

gitlab-runner构建报错fatal: git fetch-pack: expected shallow listfatal: The remote end hung up unexpect_带着希望活下去的博客-CSDN博客

参考：

在 GitLab CI/CD 中通过 SCP 运行 Composer 和 npm 脚本 | 极狐GitLab

linux - .gitlab-ci.yml 中最简洁明了的SSH命令描述方式 - IT工具网

ssh远程执行多个命令_ssh远程执行多条命令_IT超人的博客-CSDN博客

lib/gitlab/ci/templates · master · GitLab.org / GitLab FOSS · GitLab

服务器配置gitlab-runner流程问题总结

基于 gitlab 的持续集成2 · 大专栏