react中redux的详细使用以及持久化处理

一.redux使用

1.安装

npm i redux

例一：

2.创建redux文件夹，store.js文件

store.js文件

import {legacy_createStore as createStore,combineReducers}from "redux"
// 每一块状态内容对应一个reducer文件
import {CollApsedReducer} from "./CollapsedReducer"
import {LoadingReducer}from "./LoadingReducer"
// combineReducers合并多个reducer
const reducer=combineReducers({
    CollApsedReducer,
    LoadingReducer
})
// createStore里面只能放一个reducer,所以上面合并处理一下
const store=createStore(reducer)
export default store

3.将提供者绑定到跟组件内外层，使每个被包裹的组件都可以使用store

import React from 'react';
import IndexRouter from "../src/router"
import {Provider}from "react-redux"
import store from "../src/redux/store"
function App() {
  return (
     <Provider store={store}>
      <IndexRouter />
      </Provider>
  );
}
export default App;

4.更改状态

import React , { useState }from 'react'
import { Layout,Button ,Avatar, Space,Dropdown } from 'antd';
import {
    MenuFoldOutlined,
    MenuUnfoldOutlined,
    UserOutlined
  } from '@ant-design/icons';
  import { useHistory } from 'react-router-dom'

  import {connect}from "react-redux"
const { Header } = Layout;
// 接收props并使用
 function TopHeader(props) {
   console.log(props);
    // const [collapsed, setCollapsed] = useState(false);
    const history = useHistory()
    const isCollapsed=()=>{
     props.changeCollapsed()
    }
    const items = [
        {
            key: '1',
            primary: true,
            label: '超级管理员',
        },
        {
          key: '2',
          danger: true,
          label: '退出登录',
        },
      ];
      const onClick = ({ key }) => {  
       if(key==="2"){
         localStorage.removeItem("token")
         history.push({pathname: '/login'})
       }
      };
    return (
        <Header style={{ padding: 0, }}>
          <Button
            type="text"
            // 使用仓库的折叠状态
            icon={props.isCollapsed ? <MenuUnfoldOutlined  /> : <MenuFoldOutlined />}
            // 更改action
            onClick={()=>isCollapsed()}
            style={{
              fontSize: '16px',
              width: 64,
              height: 64,
            }}
          />
          <div style={{float:'right',marginRight:"20px"}}>
            <span style={{marginRight:"20px"}}>欢迎admin回来</span>
        <Dropdown menu={{ items,
        onClick
        }}>
          <a onClick={(e) => e.preventDefault()}>
         <Space>
         <Avatar size="large" icon={<UserOutlined />}  />
       </Space>
       </a>
      </Dropdown>
          </div>
        </Header>
    )
}
// 更新props
const mapStateToProps=({CollApsedReducer:{isCollapsed}})=>{
  return{
    isCollapsed
  }
}
// 更新action
const mapDispatchToProps={
  changeCollapsed(){
    return {
      type:"change_collapsed"
    }
  }
}
// connect()(组件名)
// connect函数将组件连接到store仓库
export default connect(mapStateToProps,mapDispatchToProps)(TopHeader)

5.使用状态变化的组件

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import { useHistory, withRouter } from 'react-router-dom';
import { Layout, Menu } from 'antd';
import { UserOutlined, DesktopOutlined, FileOutlined, PieChartOutlined, TeamOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
import "../newssandbox/index.css";
// 引入connect
import {connect}from "react-redux"
const { Sider } = Layout;
const { SubMenu } = Menu;

function SideMenu(props) {
  // props接收
  const [selectedKey, setSelectedKey] = useState(null);
  const select=[props.location.pathname.split("/")[1]]
  const history = useHistory();
  const onClick = (e) => {
    history.push(e.key);
  };

  useEffect(() => {
    // 根据路由变化更新选中的菜单项
    const currentPath = props.location.pathname;
    setSelectedKey(currentPath);
  }, [props.location.pathname]);

  function renderMenuItems(items) {
    return items.map((item) => {
      if (item.children) {
        return (
          <SubMenu key={item.key} icon={item.icon} title={item.label}>
            {renderMenuItems(item.children)}
          </SubMenu>
        );
      } else {
        return (
          <Menu.Item key={item.key} icon={item.icon}>
            {item.label}
          </Menu.Item>
        );
      }
    });
  }

  const items = [
    {
      key: '/home',
      label: '首页',
      icon: <PieChartOutlined />,
    },
    {
      key: 'user-manage',
      label: '用户管理',
      icon: <DesktopOutlined />,
      children: [
        { key: '/user-manage/list', label: '用户列表', icon: <DesktopOutlined /> }
      ],
    },
    {
      key: 'right-manage',
      label: '权限管理',
      icon: <UserOutlined />,
      children: [
        { key: '/right-manage/role/list', label: '角色列表' },
        { key: '/right-manage/right/list', label: '权限列表' }
      ],
    },
    {
      key: 'news-manage',
      label: '新闻管理',
      icon: <TeamOutlined />,
      children: [
        { key: '/news-manage/add', label: "撰写新闻" },
        { key: '/news-manage/draft', label: '草稿箱' },
        { key: '/news-manage/category', label: '新闻分类' }
      ],
    },
    {
      key: 'audit-manage',
      label: '审核管理',
      icon: <FileOutlined />,
      children: [
        { key: '/audit-manage/audit', label: "审核新闻" },
        { key: '/audit-manage/list', label: '审核列表' },
      ],
    },
    {
      key: 'publish-manage',
      label: '发布管理',
      icon: <FileOutlined />,
      children: [
        { key: '/publish-manage/unpublished', label: "待发布" },
        { key: '/publish-manage/published', label: '已发布' },
        { key: '/publish-manage/sunset', label: '已下线' }
      ],
    },
  ];

  return (
    <div>
      {/* props.isCollapsed使用 */}
      <Sider trigger={null} collapsible collapsed={props.isCollapsed}>
        <div className="demo-logo-vertical">全球新闻发布管理系统</div>
        <Menu
          theme="dark"
          mode="inline"
          defaultSelectedKeys={['home']}
          selectedKeys={[selectedKey]}
          defaultOpenKeys={select}
          onClick={onClick}
        >
          {renderMenuItems(items)}
        </Menu>
      </Sider>
    </div>
  );
}
// {CollApsedReducer:{isCollapsed}}CollApsedReducer reducer文件导出的变量名,isCollapsed状态，此处进行解构
const mapStateToProps=({CollApsedReducer:{isCollapsed}})=>{
 return{
    isCollapsed
 }
}
export default connect(mapStateToProps)(withRouter(SideMenu));

例二：

1.新建LoadingReducer.js文件

export const LoadingReducer=(prevState={
    loading:false
},action)=>{
    let {type,payload}=action
    switch (type) {
        case 'change_loading':
            // 复制老状态,不可直接修改
            let newState={...prevState}
            newState.loading=payload
         return newState 
    default:
       return prevState
    }
}

2.路由文件

import React from 'react'
import {Route,Switch,Redirect}from "react-router-dom"
import Home from "../../views/newssandbox/home/Home"
import UserList from "../../views/newssandbox/user-mange/UserList"    
import RoleList from"../../views/newssandbox/right-manage/RoleList" 
import RightList from"../../views/newssandbox/right-manage/RightList" 
import NoPermission from "../../views/newssandbox/nopermission/Nopermission" 
import NewsAdd from "../../views/newssandbox/news-manage/NewsAdd"
import NewsDraft from "../../views/newssandbox/news-manage/NewsDraft"
import NewsCategory from "../../views/newssandbox/news-manage/NewsCategory"

import AuditManage from "../../views/newssandbox/audit-manage/AuditManage"
import AuditList from "../../views/newssandbox/audit-manage/AuditList"

import Unpublished from "../../views/newssandbox/publish-manage/Unpublished"

import Publishedd from "../../views/newssandbox/publish-manage/Publishedd"
import Sunset from "../../views/newssandbox/publish-manage/Sunset"
import {  Spin } from 'antd';

import {connect}from "react-redux"
 function NewsRouter(props) {

    return (
        <div>
            {/* 为每个页面使用loading功能 */}
            <Spin size="large" style={{marginTop:"200px"}} spinning={props.loading} >
            <Switch>
            <Route path="/home" component={Home}/>
            <Route path="/user-manage/list" component={UserList}/>
            <Route path="/right-manage/role/list" component={RoleList}/>
            <Route path="/right-manage/right/list" component={RightList}/>

            <Route path="/news-manage/add" component={NewsAdd}/>
            <Route path="/news-manage/draft" component={NewsDraft}/>
            <Route path="/news-manage/category" component={NewsCategory}/>

            <Route path="/audit-manage/audit" component={AuditManage}/>
            <Route path="/audit-manage/list" component={AuditList}/>

            <Route path="/publish-manage/unpublished" component={Unpublished}/>

            <Route path="/publish-manage/published" component={Publishedd}/>
            <Route path="/publish-manage/sunset" component={Sunset}/>
            {/* 如果访问根路径回车精确匹配重定向到home页面 */}
            <Redirect from="/" to="/home" exact/>
            {/* 如果是随便输入或除了以上路径的其他路径显示404页面 */}
            <Route path="*" component={NoPermission}/>
            </Switch> 
            </Spin>
        </div>
    )
}

const mapStateToProps=({LoadingReducer:{loading}})=>{
    return{
      loading
    }
  }
  const mapDispatchToProps={
    changeCollapsed(){
      return {
        type:"change_loading"
      }
    }
  }
export default connect(mapStateToProps,mapDispatchToProps)(NewsRouter)

3.在axios封装文件内使用

import axios from "axios";
import store from "../redux/store";
axios.defaults.baseURL = "http://localhost:3000";

axios.interceptors.request.use(
  (config) => {
    //  显示loading
    store.dispatch({
      type: "change_loading",
      payload: true,
    });
    return config;
  },
  (error) => {
    return Promise.reject(error);
  }
);

axios.interceptors.response.use(
  (response) => {
    //  隐藏loading
    store.dispatch({
      type: "change_loading",
      payload: false,
    });
    return response;
  },
  (error) => {
    //  隐藏loading
    store.dispatch({
      type: "change_loading",
      payload: false,
    });
    return Promise.reject(error);
  }
);

export default axios;

二.持久化

1.安装

npm i redux-persist

2.store.js文件配置持久化

import {legacy_createStore as createStore,combineReducers}from "redux"

import {CollApsedReducer} from "./CollapsedReducer"
import {LoadingReducer}from "./LoadingReducer"

//配置数据的持久化效果
import { persistReducer, persistStore } from "redux-persist";
//导入需要配置的数据源，可以选择，storage，cookie,session等
import storage from "redux-persist/lib/storage";

const reducer=combineReducers({
    CollApsedReducer,
    LoadingReducer
})
//定义配置的信息
const persitConfig = {
    // 代表存储名,随便起
    key:"root",
    storage,
   // 如果不想将部分state持久化，也可以将其放入黑名单(blacklist)中,白名单whitelist
//    将loading 模块不做持久化
   blacklist:["LoadingReducer"]
}
//创建持久化的配置persist的信息
const persistReducers = persistReducer(persitConfig,reducer);
//创建存储对象并且抛出对象
const store=createStore(persistReducers)

const persistor =persistStore(store);

export{store,persistor}

3.仓库导出方式更改了，组件引入方式要改变

4.根组件内使用PersistGate

import React from 'react';
import IndexRouter from "../src/router"
import {Provider}from "react-redux"
import {store,persistor} from "../src/redux/store"
// 在入口文件中使用 PersistGate 包裹根组件。将延迟渲染app 视图直到持久化状态取回并保存到redux中
import {PersistGate}from "redux-persist/integration/react"
function App() {
  return (
     <Provider store={store}>
       <PersistGate loading={null} persistor={persistor}>
      <IndexRouter />
      </PersistGate>
      </Provider>
  );
}
export default App;