kubernates的集群安装-kubadm

kubernates的集群安装-kubadm

环境准备工作(CentOS)

  • 准备三台或以上的虚拟机

  • 停用防火墙
    sudo systemctl stop firewalld
    sudo systemctl disable firewalld

  • 修改主机名(命名规则符合 DNS 标准)

    cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/hostname
    k8sv23-n03-p102
    EOF
    #立即生效
    sudo hostnamectl set-hostname k8sv23-n12-p104

  • 安装 docker(参照官网即可)

    #移除历史
    sudo yum remove docker
    docker-client
    docker-client-latest
    docker-common
    docker-latest
    docker-latest-logrotate
    docker-logrotate
    docker-engine

    yum 添加仓库

    sudo yum install -y yum-utils
    sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
    #安装
    sudo yum -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

  • docker配置 cgroupdriver ,并启动

    cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json
    {
    "registry-mirrors": [
    "http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
    "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
    "https://uy35zvn6.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
    "https://cr.console.aliyun.com",
    "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
    "https://registry.docker-cn.com",
    "http://mirror.azure.cn/"
    ],
    "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
    "log-driver": "json-file",
    "log-opts": { "max-size": "100m" },
    "storage-driver": "overlay2"
    }
    EOF
    #启动并添加自启动
    sudo systemctl enable docker
    sudo systemctl daemon-reload
    sudo systemctl restart docker

  • 配置网络模块

    cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
    br_netfilter
    EOF

    cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
    net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 # better than modify /etc/sysctl.conf
    EOF

    sudo sysctl --system

  • 关闭分区

    sudo swapoff -a
    sudo sed -ri '/\sswap\s/s/^#?/#/' /etc/fstab

以上就是所有节点需要准备的工作。

安装 master 节点

本次安装k8s 版本为:1.23.17,该版本是运行时容器默认 docker,后面版本需要安装插件 cri-docker.

可配置国内yum源:

#如果 yum 安装失败,找不到包,配置 yum 阿里云源
cat <<EOF | sudo  tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
          https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

安装成功会输出结果:

#启动成功输出结果
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.10.109:6443 --token l85iz5.bg08rhr8x8gmhain \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:4a1634f8c06e2c47cb06196df8ae59e6997cdfc9e08848ace5fb968c02b790a9

参照他给出的建议执行(复制管理配置文件):

 mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config  

此时,检查集群

#检查集群情况 ,可以看到是只有一个 master节点,但是状态是NotReady
 [root@k8s ~]# kubectl get node
NAME         STATUS     ROLES                  AGE     VERSION
k8s.master   NotReady   control-plane,master   4m42s   v1.23.17 
  • 安装网络插件 Flannel(其他网络插件),需要去 github 下载kube-flannel.yml,并修改network 与集群 init 设置 --pod-network-cidr字段一致

    #kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
    kubectl apply -f https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/releases/latest/download/kube-flannel.yml

    #注意 kube-flannel.yml 文件网段Network修改成 --pod-network-cidr
    net-conf.json: |
    {
    "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
    "Backend": {
    "Type": "vxlan"
    }
    }

    #安装完成之后 节点就是 Ready 状态了
    [root@k8s ~]# kubectl get node
    NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
    k8s.master Ready control-plane,master 28m v1.23.17

安装 worer 节点

  • 安装组件
    三个非容器化的组件 kubectl ,kubeadm,kubelet;具体含义看官网

    #移除历史记录
    yum remove -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
    #指定版本 1.23.17
    sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.23.17 kubeadm-1.23.17 kubectl-1.23.17 --disableexcludes=kubernetes

  • 节点加入集群 kubeadm join

    #join加入 到主节点 ip,token有时效,可以在主节点生成:kubeadm token create,证书需要自己保存
    kubeadm join 192.168.10.109:6443 --token l85iz5.bg08rhr8x8gmhain
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:4a1634f8c06e2c47cb06196df8ae59e6997cdfc9e08848ace5fb968c02b790a9

  • 验证

    #在master节点检查节点信息
    [root@k8s ~]# kubectl get nodes
    NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
    k8s.192.168.10.108 Ready <none> 8m17s v1.23.17
    k8s.master Ready control-plane,master 42m v1.23.17

至此,k8s 既安装成功,后续添加节点 执行kubeadm join 即可

其他

总结

  1. kubeadm 是一个方便易用的 Kubernetes 工具,能够部署生产级别的 Kubernetes 集群。

  2. 安装 Kubernetes 之前需要修改主机的配置,包括主机名、Docker 配置、网络设置、交换分区等。

  3. Kubernetes 的组件镜像存放在 gcr.io,国内下载比较麻烦,需要国内镜像网站获取。指定国内镜像。

  4. 安装 Master 节点需要使用命令 kubeadm init,安装 Worker 节点需要使用命令 kubeadm join,还要部署 Flannel 等网络插件才能让集群正常工作。

  5. kubeadm join 命令有时效性,如果失效了 kubeadm token create 新创建一个

    [root@k8s ~]# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
    kubeadm join 192.168.10.109:6443 --token i26bzd.v8bctu5zzgrj8fs7 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:349254d493aee98b96718848f8d72a01454fa717383fc69ccc27ad13fee38cb8
    [root@k8s ~]#

其他操作

[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME              STATUS     ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
k8s.master        Ready      control-plane,master   18h   v1.23.17
k8sv23-n03-p102   Ready      <none>                 15h   v1.23.17
k8sv23-n03-p115   Ready      <none>                 15h   v1.23.17
k8sv23-n07-124    NotReady   <none>                 15h   v1.23.17
k8sv23-n08-p132   Ready      <none>                 15h   v1.23.17
k8sv23-n10-p133   Ready      <none>                 15h   v1.23.17
k8sv23-n11-136    Ready      <none>                 15h   v1.23.17
k8sv23-n11-p108   Ready      <none>                 16h   v1.23.17

##查看守护 pod,有一个没有准备好
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get daemonsets --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE      NAME              DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR            AGE
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds   8         8         7       8            7           <none>                   79m
kube-system    kube-proxy        8         8         8       8            8           kubernetes.io/os=linux   18h

##查看该 pod 详细信息 
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl describe daemonset kube-flannel-ds -n kube-flannel
Name:           kube-flannel-ds
Selector:       app=flannel,k8s-app=flannel
Node-Selector:  <none>
Labels:         app=flannel
                k8s-app=flannel
                tier=node
Annotations:    deprecated.daemonset.template.generation: 1
Desired Number of Nodes Scheduled: 8
Current Number of Nodes Scheduled: 8
Number of Nodes Scheduled with Up-to-date Pods: 8
Number of Nodes Scheduled with Available Pods: 7
Number of Nodes Misscheduled: 0
Pods Status:  7 Running / 1 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
  	........

   
#查看所有 pod 有个 node flannel 镜像拉取失败Init:ImagePullBackOff
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE      NAME                                 READY   STATUS                  RESTARTS   AGE
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-5mxvl                1/1     Running                 0          77m
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-5wsz7                1/1     Running                 0          77m
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-c4k2s                0/1     Init:ImagePullBackOff   0          77m
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-h7c5d                1/1     Running                 0          77m
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-j8tlh                1/1     Running                 0          77m
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-kp9kn                1/1     Running                 0          77m
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-l7g2v                1/1     Running                 0          77m
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-tcklb                1/1     Running                 0          77m
kube-system    coredns-7bff545f9f-szb6n             1/1     Running                 0          53m
kube-system    coredns-7bff545f9f-vwp85             1/1     Running                 0          53m
kube-system    etcd-k8s.master                      1/1     Running                 0          18h
kube-system    kube-apiserver-k8s.master            1/1     Running                 0          18h
kube-system    kube-controller-manager-k8s.master   1/1     Running                 0          18h
kube-system    kube-proxy-24v9j                     1/1     Running                 0          15h
kube-system    kube-proxy-7gvqk                     1/1     Running                 0          15h
kube-system    kube-proxy-bl6zf                     1/1     Running                 0          15h
kube-system    kube-proxy-fwtkk                     1/1     Running                 0          18h
kube-system    kube-proxy-gqlqc                     1/1     Running                 0          16h
kube-system    kube-proxy-lxbcr                     1/1     Running                 0          15h
kube-system    kube-proxy-mphk5                     1/1     Running                 0          15h
kube-system    kube-proxy-wjfp6                     1/1     Running                 1          16h
kube-system    kube-scheduler-k8s.master            1/1     Running   
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