ES6之Set集合(通俗易懂，含实践)

Set是什么？它的方法有哪些？它在实例开发中有什么作用？

让我为大家介绍一下吧！

ES6提供了新的数据结构 Set(集合) 。它类似于数组，但成员的值是唯一的，常用于数组去重。

创建方法：

javascript 复制代码

    let s = new Set()
    console.log(s)

它属于什么类型？

javascript 复制代码

    console.log(typeof s) //object

我们通常在set中写入数组

javascript 复制代码

    let s = new Set(["西游记","三国演义","水浒传","红楼梦","西游记"])
    console.log(s)

由此可见，set 可以自动帮我们去重

Set 对象的几个常用方法和属性

1.size

可以获取元素的个数

javascript 复制代码

    let s = new Set(["西游记","三国演义","水浒传","红楼梦","西游记"])
    console.log(s.size) //4

2.add( )

向 Set 添加新元素

javascript 复制代码

    let s = new Set(["西游记","三国演义","水浒传","红楼梦","西游记"])
    s.add("四大名著")
    console.log(s)

3.delete( )

删除由其值指定的元素

javascript 复制代码

    let s = new Set(["西游记","三国演义","水浒传","红楼梦","西游记"])
    s.add("四大名著")
    s.delete("四大名著")
    console.log(s)

4.has( )

如果值存在则返回 true，否则false

javascript 复制代码

    let s = new Set(["西游记","三国演义","水浒传","红楼梦","西游记"])
    console.log(s.has("西游记")) //true
    console.log(s.has("四大名著")) //false

5.clear( )

清空

javascript 复制代码

    let s = new Set(["西游记","三国演义","水浒传","红楼梦","西游记"])
    s.clear()
    console.log(s)

6.我们可以使用for...of遍历

javascript 复制代码

    let s = new Set(["西游记","三国演义","水浒传","红楼梦","西游记"])
    for(let v of s) {
        console.log(v)
    }

7.keys( )

javascript 复制代码

    let s = new Set(["西游记","三国演义","水浒传","红楼梦","西游记"])
    console.log(s.keys())

8.forEach( )

为每个元素调用回调

javascript 复制代码

    let s = new Set(["西游记","三国演义","水浒传","红楼梦","西游记"])
    s.forEach(item=>{
        console.log(item)
    })

实践

1.数组去重

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    let arr = [1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1, 4, 5, 1]
    let result = [...new Set(arr)]
    console.log(result)

2.交集

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    let result = [...new Set(arr1)].filter(item=>new Set(arr2).has(item)
    // {
    //     // 把arr2也变成一个集合
    //     let s2 = new Set(arr2)
    //     // 判断arr2里是否有arr1里的元素
    //     if(s2.has(item)){
    //         return true
    //     }else {
    //         return false
    //     }
    // }) 
    )
    console.log(result)

3.并集

javascript 复制代码

    let arr1 = [1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1, 4, 5, 1]
    let arr2 = [1,2,3,3,2,4]
    let result = [...new Set([...arr1,...arr2])]
    console.log(result)

4.差集

javascript 复制代码

    let arr1 = [1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1, 4, 5, 1]
    let arr2 = [1,2,3,3,2,4]
    // 取反
    let result = [...new Set(arr1)].filter(item=>!(new Set(arr2).has(item)))
    console.log(result);

感谢大家的阅读，如有不对的地方，可以向我指出，感谢大家！