引入 requests 包
python
import requests
注:发送请求(包括请求行、方法类型、头、体) & 常见的请求方式有get、post、put、delete
一、发送get请求
格式:requests.get() (内容: url必填; params选填:url参数字典)
# ~ 无参数的get请求
python
res = requests.get(url='http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx/getRegionProvince')
print(res.text)
#打印响应主体内容,字符串格式
# ~ 有参数的get请求
python
res = requests.get(url='http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx/getSupportCityString?theRegionCode=3113')
print(res.text)
# ~ 使用params的get请求
python
res = requests.get(url='http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx/getSupportCityString',
params={"theRegionCode":3113})
print(res.text)
二、发送post请求
知识扩展# requests.post() post请求分为5种,常用的有三种,如下
①application/x-www-form-urlencod (form表单);
②raw (纯文本格式):有5种格式,分别为json/xml/Html/Text/JavaScrip
③multipart/form-data (复合式表单)
# ~ 无参数的post请求
~ 有正文体的post请求
1. form表单(application/x-www-form-urlencod)
-----data 后跟字典
eg.1: 带参数的查询接口
python
res = requests.post(url='http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx/getSupportCityString',
headers={"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"},
data={"theRegionCode": 3113})
print(res.text)
eg.2: 带账号名密码的登录接口
python
res = requests.post(url='http://123.56.99.53:9000/event/api/admin/',
headers={"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"},
data={"username": "admin", "password": "MTIzYWRtaW4="})
print(res.text)
2. 纯文本格式(raw)
**# ~ xml格式 ----**data 后跟字符串
python
res = requests.post(url='http://ws.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx',
headers ={"Content-Type": "text/xml; charset=utf-8",
"SOAPAction": "http://WebXml.com.cn/getSupportCityString"},
data = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<soap:Body>
<getSupportCityString xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
<theRegionCode>string</theRegionCode>
</getSupportCityString>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>''')
print(res.text)
# ~json格式 ----- json 后跟字典(常用), or ----data 后跟json字符串
python
res = requests.post(url='http://123.56.99.53:5000/event/weather/getWeather/',
headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"},
json={"theCityCode": "1001"})
print(res.text)
注:# json后面跟的是字典即json={"theCityCode": "1001"}),可改成 data='{"theCityCode": "1001"})';字典能自动转为json字符串,所以一般用字典表示;建议纯json正文的接口使用第一种方式,除非是较长的字符串
3. 复合式表单(multipart/form-data )
------上传二进制文件 ---- key value (接口名称:文件名)
python
res = requests.post(url='http://123.56.99.53:9001/api/uploadFile/',
headers={"Cookie": "uid=1;token=44c972f05d76fdd93c31f9c2b65bb098f308cdfc"
#"Content-Type": "multipart/form-data"},
#有的接口不需要写正文体格式,老服务器一般需要写
files={"myfile1": open('D:\全力以富\1.docx', 'rb')
#"myfile2: open(上传多个文件)"})
print(res.text)
注:上传接口 files={'文件路径','rb'} rb表示