一、requests基于POST请求
|-------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | #1.requests的GET与POST用法的区别：''' ``GET请求: (HTTP默认的请求方法就是GET) ``* 没有请求体 ``* 数据必须在``1K``之内！ ``* GET请求数据会暴露在浏览器的地址栏中 ``GET请求常用的操作： ``1. 在浏览器的地址栏中直接给出URL，那么就一定是GET请求 ``2. 点击页面上的超链接也一定是GET请求 ``3. 提交表单时，表单默认使用GET请求，但可以设置为POST ``POST请求 ``(``1``). 数据不会出现在地址栏中 ``(``2``). 数据的大小没有上限 ``(``3``). 有请求体 ``(``4``). 请求体中如果存在中文，会使用URL编码！ ``！！！requests.post()用法与requests.get()完全一致，特殊的是requests.post()有一个data参数，用来存放请求体数据! ''``'import requestsimport re'``'``' URL: https://github.com/login GET Set-Cookie: _gh_sess=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%3D--4562a6af2d21508e2f522a5983004b4b2bb5983c; path=/; secure; HttpOnly Cookie: _ga=GA1.2.1697930951.1554622929; _octo=GH1.1.1498701842.1560392375; _device_id=22a0ddb58979d9c97ffafeb3113e2567; user_session=TZzfoXANu224u6MsNzS5Z3GSasDsMIBvZC4cvOknaNRrWRJe; __Host-user_session_same_site=TZzfoXANu224u6MsNzS5Z3GSasDsMIBvZC4cvOknaNRrWRJe; logged_in=no; tz=Asia%2FShanghai; has_recent_activity=1; _gat=1; _gh_sess=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%3D--ae43dcfa7904aed3f423eb6715b139c831a68a5a User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.80 Safari/537.36 '``'``'headers = { '``User``-``Agent``':'``Mozilla``/``5.0 (Windows NT ``10.0``; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit``/``537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome``/``75.0``.``3770.80 Safari``/``537.36``'}response = requests.get(url='``https:``/``/``github.com``/``login``',headers=headers)login_cookies = response.cookies.get_dict()authenticity_token = re.findall('``<``input type``=``"hidden" name``=``"authenticity_token" value``=``"(.*?)" /``>``', response.text, re.S)[0]print(authenticity_token)headers2 = { '``Referer``': '``https:``/``/``github.com``/``login``', '``User``-``Agent``': '``Mozilla``/``5.0 (Windows NT ``10.0``; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit``/``537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome``/``75.0``.``3770.80 Safari``/``537.36``',}# 拼接请求体信息form_data = { "commit": "Sign in", "utf8": "✓", "authenticity_token": authenticity_token, "login": "tankjam", "password": "kermit46709394", "webauthn-support": "unsupported",}# 往session地址发送post请求# 携带请求头、请求体、login页的cookies信息response2 = requests.post(url='``https:``/``/``github.com``/``session``', data=form_data, headers=headers2, cookies=login_cookies)print(response2.status_code)# print(response2.text)with open('``github.html``', '``w``', encoding='``utf``-``8``') as f: f.write(response2.text) |
# 2、发送post请求，模拟浏览器的登录行为
二、response请求
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 | import requests response ``= requests.get(``'https://baidu.com'``) # response响应 print``(response.status_code) ``# 获取响应状态码 print``(response.url) ``# 获取url地址 print``(response.encoding) ``# 字符编码 response.encoding ``= 'utf-8' print``(response.text) ``# 获取文本 print``(response.content) ``# 获取二进制流 print``(response.headers) ``# 获取页面请求头信息 print``(response.history) ``# 上一次跳转的地址 # 1、返回cookie字典 2、返回cookies对象 print``(response.cookies) ``# 获取cookies信息, print``(response.cookies.get_dict()) ``# 获取cookies信息转换成字典 print``(response.cookies.items()) ``# 获取cookies信息转换成字典 print``(response.encoding) print``(response.elapsed) ``# 访问时间 import requests # 往音频地址发送get请求 url ``= 'https://vd3.bdstatic.com/mda-ic4pfhh3ex32svqi/hd/mda-ic4pfhh3ex32svqi.mp4?auth_key=1557973824-0-0-bfb2e69bb5198ff65e18065d91b2b8c8&bcevod_channel=searchbox_feed&pd=wisenatural&abtest=all.mp4' response ``= requests.get(url, stream``=``True``) ``# stream=True 把content设置为一个迭代器对象 print``(response.content) with ``open``(``'love_for_GD.mp4'``, ``'wb'``) as f: ``for content ``in response.iter_content(): ``f.write(content) |
现在我也找了很多测试的朋友，做了一个分享技术的交流群，共享了很多我们收集的技术文档和视频教程。
如果你不想再体验自学时找不到资源，没人解答问题，坚持几天便放弃的感受
可以加入我们一起交流。而且还有很多在自动化，性能，安全，测试开发等等方面有一定建树的技术大牛
分享他们的经验，还会分享很多直播讲座和技术沙龙
可以免费学习！划重点！开源的！！！
qq群号：110685036【暗号：csdn888】
三、requests高级用法
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 | ''' ''' ''' 证书验证(大部分网站都是https) ''' import requests # # 如果是ssl请求,首先检查证书是否合法,不合法则报错,程序终端 # response = requests.get('https://www.xiaohuar.com') # print(response.status_code) # 改进1:去掉报错,但是会报警告 # import requests # response = requests.get('https://www.xiaohuar.com', verify=False) # # 不验证证书,报警告,返回200 # print(response.status_code) # 改进2:去掉报错,并且去掉警报信息 # import requests # import urllib3 # urllib3.disable_warnings() # 关闭警告 # response = requests.get('https://www.xiaohuar.com', verify=False) # print(response.status_code) # 改进3:加上证书 # 很多网站都是https,但是不用证书也可以访问,大多数情况都是可以携带也可以不携带证书 # 知乎\百度等都是可带可不带 # 有硬性要求的,则必须带，比如对于定向的用户,拿到证书后才有权限访问某个特定网站 # import requests # import urllib3 # # urllib3.disable_warnings() # 关闭警告 # # 伪代码 # response = requests.get( # 'https://www.xiaohuar.com', # # verify=False, # # /path/server.crt证书的存放目录， /path/key # cert=('/path/server.crt', '/path/key')) # print(response.status_code) ''' 超时设置 ''' # 超时设置 # 两种超时:float or tuple # timeout=0.1 # 代表接收数据的超时时间 # # timeout=(0.1,0.2) # 0.1代表链接超时 0.2代表接收数据的超时时间 # # import requests # response = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', # timeout=0.0001 # print(response.elapsed) # print(response.status_code) ''' 代理设置:先发送请求给代理,然后由代理帮忙发送(封ip是常见的事情) ''' # import requests # proxies={ # # 带用户名密码的代理,@符号前是用户名与密码 # 'http':'http://tank:123@localhost:9527', # # 'http':'http://localhost:9527', # # 'https':'https://localhost:9527', # } # response=requests.get('https://www.12306.cn', # proxies=proxies) # # print(response.status_code) # ''' 爬取西刺免费代理： ``1.访问西刺免费代理页面 ``2.通过re模块解析并提取所有代理 ``3.通过ip测试网站对爬取的代理进行测试 ``4.若test_ip函数抛出异常代表代理作废，否则代理有效 ``5.利用有效的代理进行代理测试 <tr class="odd"> ``<td class="country"><img src="//fs.xicidaili.com/images/flag/cn.png" alt="Cn"></td> ``<td>112.85.131.99</td> ``<td>9999</td> ``<td> ``<a href="/2019-05-09/jiangsu">江苏南通</a> ``</td> ``<td class="country">高匿</td> ``<td>HTTPS</td> ``<td class="country"> ``<div title="0.144秒" class="bar"> ``<div class="bar_inner fast" style="width:88%"> ``</div> ``</div> ``</td> ``<td class="country"> ``<div title="0.028秒" class="bar"> ``<div class="bar_inner fast" style="width:97%"> ``</div> ``</div> ``</td> ``<td>6天</td> ``<td>19-05-16 11:20</td> ``</tr> re: ``<tr class="odd">(.*?)</td>.*?<td>(.*?)</td> ''' import requests import re import time HEADERS ``= { ``'User-Agent'``: ``'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36'``, } def get_index(url): ``time.sleep(``1``) ``response ``= requests.get(url, headers``=``HEADERS) ``return response def parse_index(text): ``ip_list ``= re.findall(``'<tr class="odd">.*?<td>(.*?)</td>.*?<td>(.*?)</td>'``, text, re.S) ``for ip_port ``in ip_list: ``ip ``= ':'``.join(ip_port) ``yield ip def test_ip(ip): ``print``(``'测试ip: %s' % ip) ``try``: ``proxies ``= { ``'https'``: ip ``} ``# ip测试网站 ``ip_url ``= 'https://www.ipip.net/' ``# 使用有效与无效的代理对ip测试站点进行访问，若返回的结果为200则代表当前测试ip正常 ``response ``= requests.get(ip_url, headers``=``HEADERS, proxies``=``proxies, timeout``=``1``) ``if response.status_code ``=``= 200``: ``print``(f``'有用的ip：{ip}'``) ``return ip ``# 若ip代理无效则抛出异常 ``except Exception as e: ``print``(e) # # 使用代理爬取nba def spider_nba(good_ip): ``url ``= 'https://china.nba.com/' ``proxies ``= { ``'https'``: good_ip ``} ``response ``= requests.get(url, headers``=``HEADERS, proxies``=``proxies) ``print``(response.status_code) ``print``(response.text) if __name__ ``=``= '__main__'``: ``base_url ``= 'https://www.xicidaili.com/nn/{}' ``for line ``in range``(``1``, ``3677``): ``ip_url ``= base_url.``format``(line) ``response ``= get_index(ip_url) ``# 解析西刺代理获取每一个ip列表 ``ip_list ``= parse_index(response.text) ``# 循环每一个ip ``for ip ``in ip_list: ``# print(ip) ``# 对爬取下来的ip进行测试 ``good_ip ``= test_ip(ip) ``if good_ip: ``# 真是代理，开始测试 ``spider_nba(good_ip) ''' 认证设置 ''' import requests # 通过访问github的api来测试 # url = 'https://api.github.com/user' # HEADERS = { # 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36', # } # 测试1，失败返回401 # response = requests.get(url, headers=HEADERS) # print(response.status_code) # 401 # print(response.text) ''' 打印结果: ``{ ``"message": "Requires authentication", ``"documentation_url": "https://developer.github.com/v3/users/#get-the-authenticated-user" ``} ''' # # # 测试2，通过requests.auth内的HTTPBasicAuth进行认证，认证成功返回用户信息 # from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth # response = requests.get(url, headers=HEADERS, auth=HTTPBasicAuth('tankjam', 'kermit46709394')) # print(response.text) # # 测试3，通过requests.get请求内的auth参数默认就是HTTPBasicAuth，认证成功返回用户信息 # response = requests.get(url, headers=HEADERS, auth=('tankjam', 'kermit46709394')) # print(response.text) ''' 上传文件 ''' # import requests # 上传文本文件 # files1 = {'file': open('user.txt', 'rb')} # # files参数是POST请求固定参数 # response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', files=files1) # print(response.status_code) # 200 # print(response.text) # 200 # 上传图片文件 # files2 = {'jpg': open('一拳.jpg', 'rb')} # response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', files=files2) # print(response.status_code) # 200 # print(response.text) # 200 # # 上传视频文件 # files3 = {'movie': open('love_for_GD.mp4', 'rb')} # response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', files=files3) # print(response.status_code) # 200 # print(response.text) # 200 |
四、selenium基本使用
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 | '''''' ''' selenium模块讲解 一 什么是selenium？ ``最初是一个自动化测试工具。可以使用它帮我们驱动浏览器 ``自动去执行某些自定义好的操作。例如在页面中执行JS代码、 ``跳过登录验证。可以使用selenium帮我们实现爬虫。 二 为什么要使用selenium？ ``1、优点: ``使用requests模块登录需要分析大量的复杂通信流程，使用selenium ``可以轻松跳过登录验证。 ``2、缺点: ``浏览器会加载css、js、图片、视频...数据，爬虫效率相比requests模块要低。 三 如何使用selenium？ ``下载selenium模块： ``pip3 install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple selenium ``下载浏览器驱动: ``http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/2.38/ ''' # selenium之第一次 from selenium ``import webdriver ``# 用来驱动浏览器的 # 调用得到一个动作链对象，破解滑动验证码的时候用的，可以拖动图片 from selenium.webdriver ``import ActionChains # 按照什么方式查找属性，By.ID, By.CSS_SELECTOR， By.Class from selenium.webdriver.common.by ``import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys ``import Keys ``# 键盘按键操作 # 和下面WebDriverWait一起用的，EC是expected_conditions的别名 from selenium.webdriver.support ``import expected_conditions as EC # 等待页面加载某些元素 from selenium.webdriver.support.wait ``import WebDriverWait import time # 通过谷歌浏览器驱动打开谷歌浏览器 # webdriver.Chrome(r'chromedriver.exe的绝对路径') # chrome = webdriver.Chrome(r'D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe') # 括号内输入chromedriver.exe的绝对路径 # chromedriver.exe存放于python解释器的Scripts文件夹中 # chrome是一个驱动对象 chrome ``= webdriver.Chrome() ''' 实例1 ''' # 若try出现异常 # try: # # 往tank博客主页发送get请求 # # chrome.get('https://www.cnblogs.com/kermitjam/') # # # 参数1: 驱动对象 参数2: 等待时间 # wait = WebDriverWait(chrome, 10) # # # 1、访问百度 # chrome.get('https://www.baidu.com/') # # # 2、查找input输入框 # input_tag = wait.until( # # 调用EC的presence_of_element_located() # EC.presence_of_element_located( # # 此处可以写一个元组 # # 参数1: 查找属性的方式 # # 参数2: 属性的名字 # (By.ID, "kw") # ) # ) # input_tag = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "kw"))) # # # 3、搜索一拳超人 # input_tag.send_keys('一拳超人') # # # 4、按键盘回车键 # input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) # # time.sleep(3) # # # 无论发生什么都会关闭浏览器 # finally: # # 关闭浏览器 # chrome.close() ''' 实例2 ''' try``: ``# 往tank博客主页发送get请求 ``# chrome.get('https://www.cnblogs.com/kermitjam/') ``# 参数1: 驱动对象 参数2: 等待时间 ``wait ``= WebDriverWait(chrome, ``10``) ``# 1、访问京东主页 ``chrome.get(``'https://www.jd.com/'``) ``# 2、查找input输入框 ``input_tag ``= wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.``ID``, ``"key"``))) ``# 3、搜索唐诗三百首 ``input_tag.send_keys(``'唐诗三百首'``) ``# 4、根据class属性名称查找标签 ``search_button ``= wait.until( ``EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, ``'button'``))) ``# 5、点击搜索按钮 ``search_button.click() ``time.sleep(``3``) # 无论发生什么都会关闭浏览器 finally``: ``# 关闭浏览器 ``chrome.close() |
五、selenium之基本选择器
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 | # from selenium import webdriver # 用来驱动浏览器的 # import time # # ''' # 隐式等待 # ''' # # 获取驱动对象、 # driver = webdriver.Chrome() # # try: # # 显式等待: 等待某个元素加载 # # 参数1: 驱动对象 参数2: 等待时间 # # wait = WebDriverWait(chrome, 10) # # driver.get('https://china.nba.com/') # # # 隐式等待: 等待页面所有元素加载 # driver.implicitly_wait(10) # news_tag = driver.find_element_by_class_name('nav-news') # # 获取标签对象 # print(news_tag) # # 获取标签的名字 # print(news_tag.tag_name) # # # time.sleep(10) # # finally: # driver.close() from selenium ``import webdriver ``# 用来驱动浏览器的 import time ''' ===============所有方法=================== ``element是查找一个标签 ``elements是查找所有标签 ``1、find_element_by_link_text 通过链接文本去找 ``2、find_element_by_id 通过id去找 ``3、find_element_by_class_name ``4、find_element_by_partial_link_text ``5、find_element_by_name ``6、find_element_by_css_selector ``7、find_element_by_tag_name ''' # 获取驱动对象、 driver ``= webdriver.Chrome() try``: ``# 往百度发送请求 ``driver.get(``'https://www.baidu.com/'``) ``driver.implicitly_wait(``10``) ``# 1、find_element_by_link_text 通过链接文本去找 ``# 根据登录 ``# send_tag = driver.find_element_by_link_text('登录') ``# send_tag.click() ``# 2、find_element_by_partial_link_text 通过局部文本查找a标签 ``login_button ``= driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(``'登'``) ``login_button.click() ``time.sleep(``1``) ``# 3、find_element_by_class_name 根据class属性名查找 ``login_tag ``= driver.find_element_by_class_name(``'tang-pass-footerBarULogin'``) ``login_tag.click() ``time.sleep(``1``) ``# 4、find_element_by_name 根据name属性查找 ``username ``= driver.find_element_by_name(``'userName'``) ``username.send_keys(``'15622792660'``) ``time.sleep(``1``) ``# 5、find_element_by_id 通过id属性名查找 ``password ``= driver.find_element_by_id(``'TANGRAM__PSP_10__password'``) ``password.send_keys(``'*******'``) ``time.sleep(``1``) ``# 6、find_element_by_css_selector 根据属性选择器查找 ``# 根据id查找登录按钮 ``login_submit ``= driver.find_element_by_css_selector(``'#TANGRAM__PSP_10__submit'``) ``# driver.find_element_by_css_selector('.pass-button-submit') ``login_submit.click() ``# 7、find_element_by_tag_name 根据标签名称查找标签 ``div ``= driver.find_element_by_tag_name(``'div'``) ``print``(div.tag_name) ``time.sleep(``10``) finally``: ``driver.close() |
END，今天的分享就到此结束了！点赞关注不迷路！