maven 操作指南

1.解压部署Maven核心程序

①检查JAVA_HOME环境变量
	C:\Windows\System32>echo %JAVA_HOME%
	D:\DevInstall\jdk1.7.0_07
②解压Maven的核心程序
	将apache-maven-3.2.2-bin.zip解压到一个非中文无空格的目录下。例如：D:\DevInstall\apache-maven-3.2.2
③配置环境变量
	M2_HOME D:\DevInstall\apache-maven-3.2.2
	path	D:\DevInstall\apache-maven-3.2.2\bin
④查看Maven版本信息验证安装是否正确
	C:\Windows\System32>mvn -v
	Apache Maven 3.2.2 (45f7c06d68e745d05611f7fd14efb6594181933e; 2014-06-17T21:51:42+08:00)
	Maven home: D:\DevInstall\apache-maven-3.2.2\bin\..
	Java version: 1.7.0_07, vendor: Oracle Corporation
	Java home: D:\DevInstall\jdk1.7.0_07\jre
	Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: GBK
	OS name: "windows 7", version: "6.1", arch: "amd64", family: "windows"

2.修改本地仓库

①默认本地仓库位置：~\.m2\repository
	~表示当前用户的家目录，例如：C:\Users\[你当前登录系统的用户名]
②指定本地仓库位置的配置信息文件：apache-maven-3.2.2\conf\settings.xml
③在根标签settings下添加如下内容：<localRepository>[本地仓库路径，也就是RepMaven.zip的解压目录]</localRepository>

3.第一个Maven工程

①目录结构
	Hello
	|---src
	|---|---main
	|---|---|---java
	|---|---|---resources
	|---|---test
	|---|---|---java
	|---|---|---resources
	|---pom.xml

java 复制代码

	②POM文件内容
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>com.atguigu.maven</groupId>
	<artifactId>Hello</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

	<name>Hello</name>
	  
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.0</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>
	
	③编写主程序代码
		在src/main/java/com/atguigu/maven目录下新建文件Hello.java，内容如下
		package com.atguigu.maven;
		public class Hello {
			public String sayHello(String name){
				return "Hello "+name+"!";
			}
		}
	④编写测试代码
		在/src/test/java/com/atguigu/maven目录下新建测试文件HelloTest.java
		package com.atguigu.maven;	
		import org.junit.Test;
		import static junit.framework.Assert.*;
		public class HelloTest {
			@Test
			public void testHello(){
				Hello hello = new Hello();
				String results = hello.sayHello("litingwei");
				assertEquals("Hello litingwei!",results);	
			}
		}
	⑤运行几个基本的Maven命令
		mvn compile	编译
		mvn clean	清理
		mvn test	测试
		mvn package	打包
		※注意：运行Maven命令时一定要进入pom.xml文件所在的目录！
## 4.第二个Maven工程
	①工程名：HelloFriend
	②目录结构与第一个Maven工程相同
	③POM文件

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.atguigu.maven</groupId>
	<artifactId>HelloFriend</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>HelloFriend</name>
	
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.0</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>		
		
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.atguigu.maven</groupId>
			<artifactId>Hello</artifactId>
			<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
			<scope>compile</scope>
		</dependency>
		
	</dependencies>
</project>

④主程序：在src/main/java/com/atguigu/maven目录下新建文件HelloFriend.java
	package com.atguigu.maven;	
	import com.atguigu.maven.Hello;
	public class HelloFriend {
		public String sayHelloToFriend(String name){
			Hello hello = new Hello();
			String str = hello.sayHello(name)+" I am "+this.getMyName();
			System.out.println(str);
			return str;
		}
		public String getMyName(){
			return "John";
		}
	}
⑤测试程序：在/src/test/java/com/atguigu/maven目录下新建测试文件HelloFriendTest.java
	package com.atguigu.maven;	
	import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
	import org.junit.Test;
	import com.atguigu.maven.Hello;
	
	public class HelloFriendTest {
		@Test
		public void testHelloFriend(){
			HelloFriend helloFriend = new HelloFriend();
			String results = helloFriend.sayHelloToFriend("litingwei");
			assertEquals("Hello litingwei! I am John",results);	
		}
	}
⑥运行Maven命令
	mvn install	安装

5.第三个Maven工程

①设置通过Maven创建的工程的JDK版本------一劳永逸
	[1]打开settings.xml文件
	[2]找到profiles标签
	[3]加入如下配置
		<profile>
			<id>jdk-1.7</id>
			<activation>
				<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
				<jdk>1.7</jdk>
			</activation>
			<properties>
				<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
				<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
				<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.7</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
			</properties>
		</profile>
②工程坐标
	groupId：com.atguigu.maven
	ArtifactId：MakeFriends
	Package：com.atguigu.maven
③在src/main/java中新建类com.atguigu.maven.MakeFriends
	public String makeFriends(String name){
		HelloFriend friend = new HelloFriend();
		friend.sayHelloToFriend("litingwei");
		String str = "Hey,"+friend.getMyName()+" make a friend please.";
		System.out.println(str);
		return str;
	}
④在src/test/java中新建类com.atguigu.maven.MakeFriendsTest
	package com.atguigu.maven;
	import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
	import org.junit.Test;
	public class MakeFriendsTest {
		@Test
		public void testMakeFriends(){		
			MakeFriends makeFriend = new MakeFriends();
			String str = makeFriend.makeFriends("litingwei");
			assertEquals("Hey,John make a friend please.",str);
		}
	}
⑤添加依赖信息
	<dependency>
		<groupId>junit</groupId>
		<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
		<version>4.9</version>
		<scope>test</scope>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
    	<groupId>com.atguigu.maven</groupId>
    	<artifactId>HelloFriend</artifactId>
    	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    	<type>jar</type>
    	<scope>compile</scope>
	</dependency>
⑥在Eclipse环境下执行Maven命令：右击pom.xml选择run as 中的命令执行即可

6.测试依赖的范围对传递性的影响

①在Hello中添加对spring-core的依赖
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
		<version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>
		<scope>compile</scope>
	</dependency>
②在HelloFriend中查看spring-core是否被加入了运行时环境
③将Hello中对spring-core的依赖范围修改为test，再到HelloFriend中检查
④将Hello中对spring-core的依赖范围修改为provided，再到HelloFriend中检查
⑤结论：非compile范围的依赖不能传递，必须在有需要的工程中单独加入

7.测试依赖原则

①路径最短者优先
	[1]在Hello中依赖log4j-1.2.17
		<dependency>
			<groupId>log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.17</version>
		</dependency>

	[2]在HelloFriend中依赖log4j-1.2.14
		<dependency>
			<groupId>log4j</groupId>
			<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.14</version>
		</dependency>
	[3]查看MakeFriends中自动引入的log4j是哪个版本
	
②路径相同时先声明者优先
	[1]创建OurFriends工程，依赖log4j-1.2.17
	[2]让MakeFriends依赖OurFriends
	[3]测试MakeFriends中，HelloFriend和OurFriends依赖的先后顺序和引入的log4j版本之间的关系

8.创建Web工程

①ServletAPI依赖
	<dependency>
		<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
		<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
		<version>2.5</version>
		<scope>provided</scope>
	</dependency>
②JSPAPI依赖
	<dependency>
		<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
		<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.3-b06</version>
		<scope>provided</scope>
	</dependency>

9.Web工程自动部署

<build>
	<finalName>AtguiguWeb</finalName>
	<plugins>
		<plugin>
			<groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
			<artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.3</version>
			<configuration>
				<container>
					<containerId>tomcat6x</containerId>
					<home>D:\DevInstall\apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home>
				</container>
				<configuration>
					<type>existing</type>
					<home>D:\DevInstall\apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home>
					<!-- 如果Tomcat端口为默认值8080则不必设置该属性 -->
					<properties>
						<cargo.servlet.port>8989</cargo.servlet.port>
					</properties>
				</configuration>
			</configuration>
			<executions>  
				<execution>  
					<id>cargo-run</id>  
					<phase>install</phase>  
					<goals>  
						<goal>run</goal>  
					</goals>  
				</execution>  
			</executions>
		</plugin>
	</plugins>
</build>

10.继承

①创建Parent工程，打包方式为pom
②收集所有非compile范围的依赖信息，使用dependencyManagement标签统一管理
	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>junit</groupId>
				<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
				<version>4.9</version>
				<scope>test</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>
③在各个子工程中引用父工程
	<parent>
		<groupId>com.atguigu.maven</groupId>
		<artifactId>Parent</artifactId>
		<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
		
		<!-- 以当前文件为基准查找父工程中pom.xml文件的相对路径 -->
		<relativePath>../Parent/pom.xml</relativePath>
	</parent>
④删除子工程中的重复信息
	groupId
	artifactid
⑤在子工程中找到被父工程管理的依赖信息，删除版本号部分
⑥在父工程中统一修改已管理的依赖信息的版本号，看是否能够控制所有子工程

11.聚合

在总的聚合工程中加入如下信息
<modules>
	<module>../Hello</module>
	<module>../HelloFriend</module>
	<module>../MakeFriends</module>
</modules>