RPC是什么
所谓的RPC其实是为了不同主机的两个进程间通信而产生的,通常不同的主机之间的进程通信,程序编写需要考虑到网络通信的功能,这样程序的编写将会变得复杂。RPC就来解决这一问题的,一台主机上的进程对另外一台主机的进程发起请求时,内核会将请求转交给RPC client,RPC client经过报文的封装转交给目标主机的RPC server,RPC server就将报文进行解析,还原成正常的请求,转交给目标主机上的目标进程。在我们看来在就像是在同一台主机上的两个进程通信一样,完全没有意识到是在不同的主机上。因此RPC其实也可以看做是一种协议或者是编程框架,目的是为了简化分布式程序的编写。
RPC基本流程
大致过程如下:
Rpc Client通过传入的IP、端口号、调用类以及方法的参数,通过动态代理找到具体的调用类的方法,将请求的类、方法序列化,传输到服务端;
当Rpc Service收到请求以后,将传入类和方法反序列化,通过反射找到对应的类的方法进行调用,最后将返回结果进行序列化,返回给客户端;
Rpc Client收到返回值以后,进行反序列化,最后将结果展示;
DEMO
假如我现在有一个HelloService服务,有一个say的方法,如下:
java
package com.cjian.rpc.provider;
/**
* @Author: cjian
* @Date: 2023/6/21 10:24
* @Des:
*/
public interface HelloService {
String say(String name);
}
实现类如下:
java
package com.cjian.rpc.provider;
/**
* @Author: cjian
* @Date: 2023/6/21 10:25
* @Des:
*/
public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {
@Override
public String say(String name) {
return "您好, " + name;
}
}
现在另一个服务需要调用say方法,如何使用rpc思想实现呢?
模拟注册中心:
java
package com.cjian.rpc.registercenter;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @Author: cjian
* @Date: 2023/6/21 10:25
* @Des:
*/
public interface Server {
void stop();
void start() throws IOException;
void register(Class serviceInterface, Class impl);
boolean isRunning();
int getPort();
}
java
package com.cjian.rpc.registercenter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
* @Author: cjian
* @Date: 2023/6/21 10:26
* @Des:
*/
public class ServiceCenter implements Server {
private static ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
private static final HashMap<String, Class> serviceRegistryCenter = new HashMap<String, Class>();
private static boolean isRunning = false;
private static int port;
public ServiceCenter(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
public void stop() {
isRunning = false;
executor.shutdown();
}
public void start() throws IOException {
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket();
server.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
System.out.println("start server");
try {
while (true) {
// 1.监听客户端的TCP连接,接到TCP连接后将其封装成task,由线程池执行
executor.execute(new ServiceTask(server.accept()));
}
} finally {
server.close();
}
}
public void register(Class serviceInterface, Class impl) {
serviceRegistryCenter.put(serviceInterface.getName(), impl);
}
public boolean isRunning() {
return isRunning;
}
public int getPort() {
return port;
}
private static class ServiceTask implements Runnable {
Socket client = null;
public ServiceTask(Socket client) {
this.client = client;
}
public void run() {
ObjectInputStream input = null;
ObjectOutputStream output = null;
try {
// 2.将客户端发送的码流反序列化成对象,反射调用服务实现者,获取执行结果
input = new ObjectInputStream(client.getInputStream());
String serviceName = input.readUTF();
String methodName = input.readUTF();
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = (Class<?>[]) input.readObject();
Object[] arguments = (Object[]) input.readObject();
Class serviceClass = serviceRegistryCenter.get(serviceName);
if (serviceClass == null) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException(serviceName + " not found");
}
Method method = serviceClass.getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
Object result = method.invoke(serviceClass.newInstance(), arguments);
// 3.将执行结果反序列化,通过socket发送给客户端
output = new ObjectOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
output.writeObject(result);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (output != null) {
try {
output.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (input != null) {
try {
input.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (client != null) {
try {
client.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
}
客户端:
java
package com.cjian.rpc.client;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* @Author: cjian
* @Date: 2023/6/21 10:32
* @Des:
*/
public class RPCClient<T> {
public static <T> T getRemoteProxyObj(final Class<?> serviceInterface, final InetSocketAddress addr) {
// 1.将本地的接口调用转换成JDK的动态代理,在动态代理中实现接口的远程调用
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(serviceInterface.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[]{serviceInterface},
new InvocationHandler() {
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
Socket socket = null;
ObjectOutputStream output = null;
ObjectInputStream input = null;
try {
// 2.创建Socket客户端,根据指定地址连接远程服务提供者
socket = new Socket();
socket.connect(addr);
// 3.将远程服务调用所需的接口类、方法名、参数列表等编码后发送给服务提供者
output = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
output.writeUTF(serviceInterface.getName());
output.writeUTF(method.getName());
output.writeObject(method.getParameterTypes());
output.writeObject(args);
// 4.同步阻塞等待服务器返回应答,获取应答后返回
input = new ObjectInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
return input.readObject();
} finally {
if (socket != null) socket.close();
if (output != null) output.close();
if (input != null) input.close();
}
}
});
}
}
测试:
java
package com.cjian.rpc;
import com.cjian.rpc.client.RPCClient;
import com.cjian.rpc.provider.HelloService;
import com.cjian.rpc.provider.HelloServiceImpl;
import com.cjian.rpc.registercenter.Server;
import com.cjian.rpc.registercenter.ServiceCenter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
/**
* @Author: cjian
* @Date: 2023/6/21 10:33
* @Des:
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 模拟注册中心
new Thread(() -> {
try {
Server serviceServer = new ServiceCenter(8088);
// 将服务注册到注册中心
serviceServer.register(HelloService.class, HelloServiceImpl.class);
// 开启注册中心
serviceServer.start();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}).start();
// 客户端远程调用
HelloService service = RPCClient.getRemoteProxyObj(HelloService.class, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8088));
System.out.println(service.say("test"));
}
}