Visual Studio使用Git忽略不想上传到远程仓库的文件

时光追逐者2024-02-09 23:51

前言

作为一个.NET开发者而言，有着宇宙最强IDE：Visual Studio加持，让我们的开发效率得到了更好的提升。我们不需要担心环境变量的配置和其他代码管理工具，因为Visual Studio有着众多的拓展工具。废话不多说，直接进入正题。我们日常在使用Visual Studio开发相关的.NET项目时，经常会发现刚拉取下拉的代码什么都没有改动，就是运行了一下就会产生一些需要提交的文件，比如说最常见的bin/Debug, bin/Release，obj/Debug，obj/Release文件。但是我不想把这些文件提交到远程的git代码远程仓库中去，其实这个很简单只需要我们在初次创建项目的时候在项目目录下新增一个忽略文本文件（.gitignore），然后在使用git推送到远程仓库中就好了。

需要忽略提交的文件

配置.gitignore忽略文件，忽略不需要提交的文件

添加Visual Studio的.gitgnore模板到项目中

C#/.NET/.NET Core相关项目的忽略文件模板(VisualStudio.gitignore)

只要是使用VisualStudio开发的项目都可以使用该模板。

  • VisualStudio.gitignore模板GitHub开源地址（该项目中有众多的编程语言或IDE相关.gitgnore配置，可以下载下来直接使用）：https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/master/VisualStudio.gitignore

    Ignore Visual Studio temporary files, build results, and

    files generated by popular Visual Studio add-ons.

    Get latest from https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/VisualStudio.gitignore

    User-specific files

    *.rsuser
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    *.userprefs

    Mono auto generated files

    mono_crash.*

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    Uncomment if you have tasks that create the project's static files in wwwroot

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    project.lock.json
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    Files built by Visual Studio

    *_i.c
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    Uncomment if necessary however generally it will be regenerated when needed

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.gitignore忽略规则

基本语法：

  • 以"#"号开头表示注释；

  • 以斜杠"/"开头表示目录；

  • 以星号"*"通配多个字符；

  • 以问号"?"通配单个字符；

  • 以方括号"[]"包含单个字符的匹配列表；

  • 以叹号"!"表示不忽略(跟踪)匹配到的文件或目录；

  • 此外，git 对于 .ignore 配置文件是按行从上到下进行规则匹配的，意味着如果前面的规则匹配的范围更大，则后面的规则将不会生效；

代码示例

# 此为注释 -- 将被 Git 忽略
  
*.a       # 忽略所有 .a 结尾的文件
!lib.a    # 但 lib.a 除外
/TODO     # 仅仅忽略项目根目录下的 TODO 文件，不包括 subdir/TODO
build/    # 忽略 build/ 目录下的所有文件
doc/*.txt # 会忽略 doc/notes.txt 但不包括 doc/server/arch.txt

处理已提交到远程仓库中的文件

可能在开发的时候忘记添加忽略文件配置（gitignore），把这些文件推送到远程仓库中，我们有以下两种做法解决：

  • 1、把本地这些文件删除再提交到远端（前提是这些文件是环境变量文件，假如是无法自动生成的不推荐）。

  • 2、使用以下git 命令：

    //当我们需要删除暂存区或分支上的文件, 但本地又需要使用, 只是不希望这个文件被版本控制, 可以使用
    git rm -r --cached file_path（文件路径） //把file_path文件在当前分支的暂存区中删除
    git add . //提交当前操作本地暂存区
    git commit -m 'delete remote somefile' //提交到本地git仓库
    git push //提交到远程代码库

如我需要移除某个项目中的obj文件然后提交：

该文件路径为：D:\开发学习-Master\我的训练营\DailyLearning\工作&学习.Net训练营\Application\obj

输入以下命令移除相关不需要跟踪的文件：

git rm -r --cached Application/obj

执行成功后，文件将从该分支中删除（本地还会存在），最后我们提交到远程仓库即可。

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