React高级用法
Hooks
Reducer
useReducer：
js
import React, { useReducer, useState } from 'react';
const initialState = { count: 0 };
function reducer(state, action) {
switch (action.type) {
case 'increment':
return { count: state.count + 1 }
case 'decrement':
return { count: state.count - 1 }
default:
console.log('格式不通过!');
}
}
export default function Reducer() {
const [number, setNumber] = useState(0);
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initalState);
return (
<div>
{state.count}
<button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: 'increment' })}>+</button>
</div>
)
}Ref
用来指代具体的dom节点
类组件: createRef
js
import React, { Component } from 'react';
export default class ClassRef extends Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.eleRef = createRef();
this.inputRef = createRef();
}
handleClick = () => {
this.inputRef.current.focus();
console.log(this.eleRef.current);
}
render() {
return (
<div>
<div id="xxx" ref={this.eleRef}> eleRef </div>
<input ref={this.inputRef} />
<button onClick={this.handleClick}></button>
</div>
)
}
}函数组件：useRef
js
import { useRef } from 'react'
export default function FuncRef(props) {
const eleRef = useRef(null);
const inputRef = useRef(null);
return (
<div>
<div id="xxx" ref={this.eleRef}> eleRef </div>
<input ref={this.inputRef} />
<button onClick={this.handleClick}></button>
</div>
)
}Ref转发
类似于vue中 调用子组件的方法 refs.xxx()
Context上下文
Provider
Comsumer
对应Vue，就是provide，inject
形成一个生成与消费模式的上下文
类组件用法
js
import { createContext } from 'react';
const ThemeContext = createContext('light');
// ClassContext.jsx
export default class ClassContext extends Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
theme: 'light'
}
}
render() {
return (
<div>
<ThemeContext.Provider
value={this.state.theme}
>
<Parent />
<button onClick={() => this.setState({ theme: 'light' })}></button>
</ThemeContext.Provider>
</div>
)
}
}
const Parent = () => {
return (
<div>
<Child1 />
<Child2 />
</div>
)
}
class Child1 extends Component {
static contextType = ThemeContext;
render() {
return (
<div>
{this.context}
</div>
)
}
}
class Child2 extends Component {
render() {
return (
<ThemeContext.Consumer>
{
(theme) => (
<div>{theme}</div>
)
}
</ThemeContext.Consumer>
)
}
}History包装（函数组件）
js
import { useContext, useState, createContext } from 'react';
const ThemeContext = createContext();
const history = window.history;
export default function FuncContext() {
return (
<ThemeContext.Provider value={history}>
<Parent />
</ThemeContext.Provider>
)
}
const Parent = () => {
return <Child />;
}
const withRouter = (Component) => {
console.log(Component, 'ComponentComponent')
return () => {
const nav = useContext(ThemeContext);
return <Component navigator={nav} />
}
}
const Child = withRouter((props) => {
console.log(props);
return (
<div>
<button onClick={() => props.navigator.pushState({}, undefined, 'hello')}>
hello
</button>
</div>
)
})高阶函数（HOC）
函数可以作为 参数 和 返回值 。
属性代理
js
// CardHoc.jsx
export default function Card({ title, children }) {
return <div>
<h2>{ title }</h2>
{
children ?
<div>{ children }</div> : null
} </div>
}
export const withCard = (title) => (Component) => {
return (props) => {
const hocStyle = {
margin: '12px',
padding: '12px',
border: '1px solid #ccc',
borderRadius: '4px'
}
return <div style={hocStyle}>
<h2>{title}</h2>
<Component {....props} />
</div>
}
}
// App.jsx
const Text = ({ num }) => <div>{num}</div>
const CardText = withCard('TextCard')(Text);
<CardText num={100} />反向继承
js
import { Component } from 'react';
// 比如我们有一个案例： 我们需要优雅的实现 曝光埋点
/**
* 有个按钮，我们想知道这个按钮在线上的漏斗转换
* 每次按钮点击时，记录一个sendLog('my_btn_click'), 其实就是触发一条请求
* 每次按钮出现时，记录一个sendLog('my_btn_show')
* 那我的转化，pv('my_btn_click') / pv('my_btn_show')
*/
export default function Extending() {
return (
<div><LogIndex /></div>
)
}
function logProps(logMap) {
return (WrapperComponent) => {
const didMount = WrapperComponent.prototype.componentDidMount;
return class A extends WrapperComponent {
componentDidMount() {
if (didMount) {
didMount.apply(this);
}
Object.entries(logMap).forEach([k, v] => {
if (document.getElementById(k)) {
console.log('事件曝光', v);
}
})
}
render() {
return super.render();
}
}
}
}
class Index extends Component {
render() {
<div>
<div id="my_text">这是一个文字信息</div>
<button id="my_btn">这是一个按钮</button>
</div>
}
}
const LogIndex = logProps({
my_text: 'my_text_show',
my_btn: 'my_btn_show'
})(Index)渲染优化
类组件 类似于useMemo
js
import React, { Component } from 'react'
export default class renderControl extends Compoent {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
num: 0,
count: 0
}
this.component = <Child num={this.state.num}>
}
controlRender = () => {
const { props } = this.component;
if (props.num !== this.state.num) {
return this.component = React.cloneElement(
this.component,
{ num: this.state.num }
)
}
}
render() {
const { num, count } = this.state;
return <div>
{this.controlRender()}
<button onClick={() => this.setState({ num: num + 1 })}>{num}</button>
<button onClick={() => this.setState({ count: count + 1 })}>{count}</button>
</div>
}
}
const Child = ({ num }) => {
console.log('子组件执行');
return <div>{ num }</div>
}函数组件 - useMemo
js
import React, { Component, useState } from 'react'
export default function renderControl() {
const [ num, setNum ] = useState(0);
const [ count, setCount ] = useState(0);
return <div>
{useMemo(() => <Child num={num} />, [num])}
<button onClick={() => this.setState({ num: num + 1 })}>{num}</button>
<button onClick={() => this.setState({ count: count + 1 })}>{count}</button>
</div>
}
const Child = ({ num }) => {
console.log('子组件执行');
return <div>{ num }</div>
}useMemo
函数：返回值进行缓存；
Deps: 依赖项改变了，我就再次执行；
useCallback
函数：函数进行缓存
Deps: 依赖项改变了，我就再次执行；
js
import React, { useCallback, useState } from 'react';
export default function RenderControl() {
const [num, setNum] = useState(0);
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
const handleChange = useCallback(() => {
setCount(count => count + 1);
}, [])
return (
<div>
<MemoChild onChange={handleChange} />
<button onClick={() => setNum(num + 1)}>{num}</button>
<button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>{count}</button>
</div>
)
}
const Child = ({ num, onChange }) => {
console.log('子组件执行');
return <div>
<button onClick={() => onChange()}>
onChange
</button>
</div>
}
const MemoChild = React.memo(Child);