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| ## 简介 随着移动应用的不断发展，数据可视化成为提高用户体验和数据交流的重要手段之一。在 OpenAtom OpenHarmony（简称"OpenHarmony"）应用开发中，一个强大而灵活的图表库是实现这一目标的关键。 在 ohpm 中心仓（OpenHarmony三方库中心仓）中，汇聚了众多开发者贡献的图表库，其中之一就是 MPChart。自其发布以来，MPChart 已被广泛应用于各类应用程序，它为开发者提供了丰富的功能和灵活性，使得创建各种类型的图表变得轻而易举。 ## 效果图 ## 
特性与优势 1. 多样的图表类型： MPChart 支持多种图表类型，从基本的折线图、柱状图、圆饼图、散点图到更复杂的蜡烛图、雷达图、瀑布图和组合图等，开发者可以根据项目需要选择最适合的图表类型。 2. 高度可定制： 该库允许开发者通过代码自定义图表的外观和行为，从而实现个性化的设计，可以定制图表的颜色、字体、坐标轴样式等，以满足项目的 UI 需求。 3. 动画效果： MPChart 内置了丰富的动画效果，使得图表的展示更加生动有趣。这不仅提升了用户体验，也使得数据的变化更加直观。 ## 新版本使用说明 MPChart 在 2023 年 6 月 1 日推出了首个正式版 2.0.0，该版本主要利用 Path 和 Shape 组件实现了图表的绘制。而后，经过了多个版本的优化与迭代，在 2024 年 1 月 8 日，MPChart 迎来重大更新，发布了采用 Canvas 组件绘制的重构版本 3.0.0-rc.0，标志着 MPChart 库进入全新阶段。与先前版本相比，重构版本在细节处理和功能拓展上均进行了显著优化，同时要求 SDK 版本在 API10 以上。截至发稿前，MPChart 重构版本还处于 rc 版本阶段。 以下是 MPChart 重构版本新增和优化的一些功能： 1. 图表支持按百分比设置宽高尺寸；且当图表尺寸调整时，能够自动重绘以适配新的大小，确保内容的准确展示。 BarChart({ model: this.model }) .width('100%') .height('70%') 1. 新增图表横向滚动功能，使得宽幅数据图表得以部分显示。用户仅需滑动屏幕便可逐步浏览全部信息。该功能不仅提升了信息的细节展示，还扩大了可视内容的范围。 2. 新增了对自定义点击、长按、双击、拖拽等事件的支持。用户可以设置监听器监听这些交互，并且支持引入自定义组件以响应这些动作。 3. 对组合图进行了扩展，新增设置瀑布图的支持。 4. 对手势缩放以及双击缩放的交互进行了优化，提高了操作的流畅性。 5. 提供了更加简化的使用体验，使用时需要定义的代码量更少。 这些改进使得 MPChart 更加易用且功能丰富，满足了用户对高效图表工具的需求。 因代码重构，MPChart 2.7.0 及以下版本（以下简称"2.7 版本"）使用的方法和 MPChart 3.0.0-rc.0 及以上版本（以下检查"3.0 版本"）略有不同，接下来分别介绍使用方法。 ### 一、 创建图表对象 首先需要创建一个 model 对象，用来承载图表数据。 1）3.0 版本 this.model = new LineChartModel(); 2）2.7 版本 2.7 版本需要在创建 model 对象并且传入数据后调用 init 方法进行初始化。 this.model = new LineChartModel(); //省略传入数据代码 model.init(); ### 二、 设置图表数据 1）3.0 版本 // 创建一个 JArrayList 对象，用于存储 EntryOhos 类型的数据 let values: JArrayList<EntryOhos> = new JArrayList<EntryOhos>(); // 循环生成 1 到 20 的随机数据，并添加到 values 中 for (let i = 1; i <= 20; i++) { values.add(new EntryOhos(i, Math.random() * 100)); } // 创建 LineDataSet 对象，使用 values 数据，并设置数据集的名称为 'DataSet' let dataSet = new LineDataSet(values, 'DataSet'); let dataSetList: JArrayList<ILineDataSet> = new JArrayList<ILineDataSet>(); dataSetList.add(dataSet); // 创建 LineData 对象，使用 dataSetList数据，并将其传递给model let lineData: LineData = new LineData(dataSetList); this.model.setData(lineData); 使用 JArrayList 存储 EntryOhos 类型的数据，然后通过 LineDataSet 和 LineData 对象来设置图表的数据集。最后，将数据传递给 model。在 2.7 版本中，需要将最后一行的 setData 方法替换为 setLineData 方法，即 this.model.setLineData(lineData)。 ### 三、 引入图表组件 在页面布局中引入 LineChart 组件，可通过属性设置图表的宽高，背景色等。 1）3.0 版本 LineChart({ model: this.model }) .width('100%') .height('100%') .backgroundColor(Color.White) 2）2.7 版本 2.7 版本不支持通过组件.width 和.height 设置宽高属性，而是通过 model 的 setWidth()和 setHeight()方法设置宽高，并且不能设置百分比宽高，只能设置固定的数值宽高。 aboutToAppear() { //... this.model.setWidth(300); this.model.setHeight(300); this.model.init(); } LineChart({ lineChartModel: $model }) 通过以上三步即可创建一个基础的 LineChart，效果图如下： 3.0 版本的页面完整代码如下： import { JArrayList,EntryOhos,LineDataSet,ILineDataSet,LineData,LineChart,LineChartModel, } from '@ohos/mpchart'; @Entry @Component struct Index { private model: LineChartModel = new LineChartModel(); aboutToAppear() { // 创建一个 JArrayList 对象，用于存储 EntryOhos 类型的数据 let values: JArrayList<EntryOhos> = new JArrayList<EntryOhos>(); // 循环生成 1 到 20 的随机数据，并添加到 values 中 for (let i = 1; i <= 20; i++) { values.add(new EntryOhos(i, Math.random() * 100)); } // 创建 LineDataSet 对象，使用 values 数据，并设置数据集的名称为 'DataSet' let dataSet = new LineDataSet(values, 'DataSet'); let dataSetList: JArrayList<ILineDataSet> = new JArrayList<ILineDataSet>(); dataSetList.add(dataSet); // 创建 LineData 对象，使用 dataSetList数据，并将其传递给model let lineData: LineData = new LineData(dataSetList); this.model?.setData(lineData); } build() { Column() { LineChart({ model: this.model }) .width('100%') .height('100%') .backgroundColor(Color.White) } } } 2.7 版本的页面完整代码如下： import { LineChart,LineChartModel,XAxis,XAxisPosition,YAxis, AxisDependency,YAxisLabelPosition,LineData,LineDataSet,EntryOhos,JArrayList,ILineDataSet } from '@ohos/mpchart' @Entry @Component struct Basic { topAxis: XAxis = new XAxis(); //顶部X轴 bottomAxis: XAxis = new XAxis(); //底部X轴 mWidth: number = 350; //表的宽度 mHeight: number = 300; //表的高度 leftAxis: YAxis | null = null; rightAxis: YAxis | null = null; lineData: LineData | null = null; @State lineChartModel: LineChartModel = new LineChartModel(); titleSelcetString: string = 'X' public aboutToAppear() { this.lineData = this.initCurveData(30, 180); this.topAxis.setLabelCount(4, false); this.topAxis.setPosition(XAxisPosition.TOP); this.topAxis.setAxisMinimum(11); this.topAxis.setAxisMaximum(44); this.bottomAxis.setLabelCount(4, false); this.bottomAxis.setPosition(XAxisPosition.BOTTOM); this.bottomAxis.setAxisMinimum(11); this.bottomAxis.setAxisMaximum(44); this.leftAxis = new YAxis(AxisDependency.LEFT); this.leftAxis.setLabelCount(10, false); this.leftAxis.setPosition(YAxisLabelPosition.OUTSIDE_CHART); this.leftAxis.setAxisMinimum(10); this.leftAxis.setAxisMaximum(200); this.rightAxis = new YAxis(AxisDependency.RIGHT); this.rightAxis.setDrawGridLines(false); this.rightAxis.setLabelCount(10, false); this.rightAxis.setAxisMinimum(10); // this replaces setStartAtZero(true) this.rightAxis.setAxisMaximum(200); this.leftAxis.setDrawLimitLinesBehindData(true); this.lineChartModel.setTopAxis(this.topAxis); this.lineChartModel.setBottomAxis(this.bottomAxis); this.lineChartModel.setWidth(this.mWidth); this.lineChartModel.setHeight(this.mHeight); if (this.leftAxis) { this.lineChartModel.setLeftAxis(this.leftAxis); } if (this.rightAxis) { this.lineChartModel.setRightAxis(this.rightAxis); } if (this.lineData) { this.lineChartModel.setLineData(this.lineData); } this.lineChartModel.init(); } /** * 初始化数据 * @param count 曲线图点的个数 * @param range y轴范围 */ private initCurveData(count: number, range: number): LineData { let values = new JArrayList<EntryOhos>(); for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) { let val: number = Math.random() * range; values.add(new EntryOhos(i, val)); } let dataSet = new JArrayList<ILineDataSet>(); let set1 = new LineDataSet(values, "DataSet 1"); dataSet.add(set1); return new LineData(dataSet) } build() { Column() { Stack({ alignContent: Alignment.TopStart }) { LineChart({ lineChartModel: $lineChartModel }) } } } } 除了基本设置之外，我们还可以进行图表的其他个性化设置，接下来介绍图表的个性化设置。 ### 四、 个性化设置 #### 1、 XY 轴的绘制 1）3.0 版本 3.0 版本中可以通过如下代码获取到 x 轴/y 轴对象。 //获取x轴 let xAxis = model.getXAxis(); //获取左y轴 let leftAxis = model.getAxisLeft(); //获取右y轴 let rightAxis = model.getAxisRight(); 2）2.7 版本 2.7 版本可以通过如下代码设置 x 轴/y 轴对象。 //x轴 let topAxis = new XAxis(); //...省略设置属性方法 topAxis.setPosition(XAxisPosition.TOP); //左y轴 let leftAxis = new YAxis(AxisDependency.LEFT); //...省略设置属性方法 this.lineChartModel.setLeftAxis(leftAxis); //右y轴 let rightAxis = new YAxis(AxisDependency.RIGHT); //...省略设置属性方法 this.lineChartModel.setRightAxis(rightAxis); 获取 x 轴和左右 y 轴对象之后，可以调用以下方法设置它们的属性，在 3.0 版本和 2.7 版本中都可使用。 x 轴/y 轴都可设置： ● setEnabled(enabled: boolean):设置轴是否被绘制。默认绘制，设置为false则不会被绘制。 ● setDrawLabels(enabled: boolean):设置为true绘制轴的标签。 ● setDrawAxisLine(enabled: boolean): 设置为true绘制轴线。 ● setDrawGridLines(enabled: boolean): 设置为true绘制网格线。 ● setTextColor(color: string | number | CanvasGradient | CanvasPattern): 设置轴标签文本颜色。 ● setTextSize(size: number):设置轴标签的字体大小。 ● setTypeface(tf: FontFamily):设置轴标签的FontFamily，指定字体系列，支持如下几种类型：'sans-serif', 'serif', 'monospace'。 ● setGridColor(color: number): 设置网格线颜色。 ● setGridLineWidth(width: number):设置网格线宽度。 ● setAxisLineColor(color: number):设置此轴的坐标轴的颜色。 ● setAxisLineWidth(width: number): 设置此轴的坐标轴的宽度。 ● enableGridDashedLine(lineLength: number, spaceLength: number, phase: number): 显示网格线虚线模式，"lineLength"控制短线条的长度，"spaceLength"控制两段线之间的间隔长度，"phase"控制开始的点。 ● setAxisMaxValue(max: number):设置一个自定义的最大值，如果设置了数值，这个值将不会依赖于提供的数据自动计算。 ● setAxisMinValue(min: number): 设置一个自定义的最小值。如果设置了数值，这个值将不会依赖于提供的数据进行自动计算。 x 轴专属设置： ● setAvoidFirstLastClipping(enabled: boolean):如果设置为true，图表将避免在图表或屏幕的边缘的标签条目被裁剪掉。 ● setPosition(pos: XAxisPosition):设置XAxis应该出现的位置。可以选择TOP，BOTTOM，BOTH_SIDED，TOP_INSIDE或者BOTTOM_INSIDE。 y 轴专属设置： ● setInverted(enabled: boolean): 如果设置为true，这个轴将被反向，那意味着最大值将被放到底部，最小值将被放到顶部。 ● setSpaceTop(percent: number):设置在图表上最高处的值相比轴上最高值的顶端空间（占总轴范围的百分比）。 ● setSpaceBottom(percent: number): 设置在图表上最低处的值相比轴上最低处值的底部空间（总轴范围的百分比）。 ● setPosition(pos: YAxisLabelPosition):设置轴标签应该被绘制的位置。INSIDE_CHART或者OUTSIDE_CHART中的一个。 #### 2、 图表交互设置 图表 model 对象可调用以下方法进行图表交互个性化设置： ● setTouchEnabled( enabled: boolean): 允许打开或者关闭与图表的所有触摸交互的情况。 ● setDragEnabled( enabled: boolean): 打开或关闭对图表的拖动。 ● setScaleEnabled(enabled: boolean):打开或关闭对图表所有轴的的缩放。 ● setScaleXEnabled(enabled: boolean): 打开或关闭x轴的缩放 ● setScaleYEnabled(enabled: boolean): 打开或关闭y轴的缩放。 ● setPinchZoom(enabled: boolean): 如果设置为true，手势捏合缩放被打开。如果设置为false，x和y轴可以被手势捏合缩放。 ● setHighlightPerTapEnabled(enabled: boolean): 如果设置为true，在图表中选中触发高亮效果。 ● setHighlightPerDragEnabled(enabled: boolean): 设置为true时允许在手指滑动结束时显示高亮效果。默认：true ● setHighlightIndicatorEnabled(enabled: boolean): 如果设置为true， 选中数据时，将展示指标线。 ● 此方法为dataset设置：setVisibleXRangeMaximum(maxXRange： number):设置x轴最多显示数据条数，（要在设置数据源后调用，否则是无效的） #### 3、 颜色设置 1. 数据集颜色设置 针对某个数据集，可以使用 dataSet.setColor(color：number) 方法来设置其颜色。例如，在折线图中： this.dataSet.setColorByColor(Color.Blue); //设置折线的颜色为蓝色 1. 渐变颜色设置 对于一些图表元素，可以使用渐变颜色。可以通过 dataSet.setGradientFillColor() 方法来实现。这通常用于折线图的填充色效果。 let gradientFillColor = new JArrayList<ChartColorStop>(); gradientFillColor.add(["#0C0099CC", 0.2]); gradientFillColor.add(["#7F0099CC", 0.4]); gradientFillColor.add(["#0099CC", 1.0]); this.dataSet.setGradientFillColor(gradientFillColor); 1. 多种颜色设置 如果想为数据点设置不同的颜色，可以通过设置 dataSet.setColorsByVariable(colors: number[]) 方法，传入一个颜色列表。 dataSet.setColorsByVariable([ ColorTemplate.colorRgb(192, 255, 140), ColorTemplate.colorRgb(255, 247, 140), ColorTemplate.colorRgb(255, 208, 140)]); #### 4、 自定义坐标轴标签 如果不想用坐标轴本身的阿拉伯数字标签，也可以自定义坐标轴标签，实现方法是通过创建自定义类实现 IAxisValueFormatter 接口，修改其中的 getFormattedValue 方法，最后调用坐标轴对象的 setValueFormatter 方法就可以实现自定义坐标轴标签，3.0 和 2.7 版本代码相同，如下所示： class MyAxisValueFormatter implements IAxisValueFormatter { getFormattedValue(value: number, axis: AxisBase): string { let mmdd = new Date().toDateString().split(' ') let day = Number(mmdd[2]) + value / 20 let hours = new Date().getHours() + value / 20 console.log('lz getFormattedValue value:' + value) return day + ' ' + mmdd[1] + ' ' + hours } } ... this.topAxis.setValueFormatter(new TopAxisValueFormatter()) 实现效果如图所示： 
### 五、 MPChart 常见问题 1 . 如何隐藏 Y 轴线 this.model.getAxisLeft().setEnabled(false) //隐藏左边Y轴轴线，此时标签数字也隐藏 如果想隐藏轴线但是想显示数字标签： this.model.getAxisRight().setDrawAxisLine(false); 2 . 如何控制 Y 轴线数据标签个数 this.model.getAxisLeft().setLabelCount(8, false);//设置了8个 3 . 如何设置轴线颜色，宽度等信息 let leftAxis = this.model.getAxisLeft(); leftAxis.setPosition(YAxisLabelPosition.OUTSIDE_CHART);//显示轴线在图表内部则使用INSIDE_CHART this.leftAxis.setAxisLineColor(ColorTemplate.rgb("#ff0000"));//设置轴线颜色 leftAxis.setAxisLineWidth(1);// 设置轴线宽度 leftAxis.setTextSize(20);//设置y轴标签字体大小 leftAxis.setDrawGridLines(true);//设置显示网格线 ## 下载安装 下载和安装 MPChart 可以通过以下命令完成： ohpm install @ohos/mpchart OpenHarmony ohpm 环境配置等更多内容，请参考如何安装 OpenHarmony ohpm 包 ## 源码链接 如果您对 MPChart 的源代码感兴趣，可以在以下链接找到它的源码： OpenHarmony-SIG/ohos-MPChart，请随时查阅这些资源，以获取关于 MPChart 的更多信息和详细说明。如果大家对 OpenHarmony 开源三方库有更多的诉求和问题，欢迎在 OpenHarmony 开发者论坛三方库专区一起研讨：标签 - JS/ArkTS三方库 OpenHarmony开发者论坛 | |