[Cmake Qt]找不到文件ui_xx.h的问题?有关Qt工程的问题,看这篇文章就行了。

前言

最近在开发一个组件,但是这个东西是以dll的形式发布的界面库,所以在开发的时候就需要上层调用。

如果你是很懂CMake的话,ui_xx.h的文件目录在

$

然后除了有关这个ui_xx.h,还有一些别的可以简单聊聊的

一、父子工程组织,或者说依赖关系

在使用CMake进行开发的时候,一般可以有一个上下级的关系,或者一般情况下上下级工程会摆在同一个文件夹下,对于我这个项目来说,View_Equalizer是Demo_View_Equalizer的依赖

在CMake中,如果工程之间有依赖,一般代表了几件事:

  1. 子工程一定是要先于父工程编译的
  2. 父工程需要引用到子工程的所有头文件
  3. 父工程需要链接到子工程

那我们一步步拆解地来看

1.要求子工程优先于父工程编译

可以直接在父工程中添加

add_subdirectory(./View_Equalizer)

的方式来添加子工程,这样的话View_Equalizer就会优先于当前工程进行编译了

2. 要求父工程能引用到子工程的全部头文件

这是因为,如果父工程如果不能引用到子工程的所有头文件的话,很有可能会出现无法编译的情况,即子工程引用了头文件,但是父工程则无法直接引用到所有的头文件,这样父工程的编译就会报错。

为了解决这个问题,我们需要在子工程中添加target_include_directories,以在作为子工程的时候向上传递包含列表

示例如下:

cpp 复制代码
target_include_directories(View_Equalizer PUBLIC 
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/math 
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/QCustomPlot 
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/includes 
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Views 
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/View_Items 
${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})

需要注意的是,这里target_include_directories传递的是路径,而不是具体的文件,如果传递具体文件的话,上层仍然是找不到的,这里需要注意。

注:关于之前提到的找不到文件ui_xx.h的问题,这个其实就是没有写

target_include_directories(View_Equalizer PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})

所有的ui_xx.h文件都会存放在${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}下,所以将这个目录传递给上层,就不会出现找不到 ui_xx.h的情况了。

3.父工程需要链接子工程

这个很好理解了,在父工程的CMakeLists.txt中添上这么一句话就行了

cpp 复制代码
target_link_libraries(Demo_View_Equalizer PRIVATE View_Equalizer)

二、有关ui、qrc等qt特有的文件

首先,当你在使用CMake编写Qt的时候,这三个属性是必不可少的

cpp 复制代码
set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)

如果你想要添加ui或者qrc文件,同样的,需要将ui文件添加到add_library的名下,我这里是通过列表的形式插入所有需要的文件

cpp 复制代码
set(HEADER_FILES  
    ./includes/DataClass.h  
    ./includes/View_Equalizer_global.h
    ./includes/math_functions.h
    ./includes/Center.h
    ./Views/view_equalizer.h
    ./View_Items/ViewItem_ControlPoint.h
    ./View_Items/PointWidget.h
)  

set(SOURCE_FILES 
./src/DataClass.cpp
./src/Center.cpp
./QCustomPlot/qcustomplot.cpp
./Views/view_equalizer.cpp
./View_Items/ViewItem_ControlPoint.cpp
./View_Items/PointWidget.cpp
)

set(UI_FILES
./View_Items/PointWidget.ui
)

add_library(View_Equalizer SHARED ${HEADER_FILES} ${SOURCE_FILES} ${UI_FILES} ${QRC_SOURCES})

当然了,既然是qt的库,对于ui文件和qrc文件,则需要加入以下两个命令:

cpp 复制代码
qt5_add_resources(QRC_SOURCES ${RESOURCE_FILES})
qt5_wrap_ui(${UI_FILES}) 

子模块完整的CMakeLists.txt放在下面:

cpp 复制代码
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)

project(View_Equalizer LANGUAGES CXX)

#(CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

find_package(Qt5 COMPONENTS Widgets PrintSupport REQUIRED)

include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/includes)
set(RESOURCE_FILES  
    ./Resource/Resource.qrc
)  
qt5_add_resources(QRC_SOURCES ${RESOURCE_FILES})

set(HEADER_FILES  
    ./includes/DataClass.h  
    ./includes/View_Equalizer_global.h
    ./includes/math_functions.h
    ./includes/Center.h
    ./Views/view_equalizer.h
    ./View_Items/ViewItem_ControlPoint.h
    ./View_Items/PointWidget.h
)  

set(SOURCE_FILES 
./src/DataClass.cpp
./src/Center.cpp
./QCustomPlot/qcustomplot.cpp
./Views/view_equalizer.cpp
./View_Items/ViewItem_ControlPoint.cpp
./View_Items/PointWidget.cpp
)

set(UI_FILES
./View_Items/PointWidget.ui
)
# 假设生成的头文件被放置在当前构建目录下的对应子目录中  
 qt5_wrap_ui(${UI_FILES}) 

add_library(View_Equalizer SHARED ${HEADER_FILES} ${SOURCE_FILES} ${UI_FILES} ${QRC_SOURCES})

target_include_directories(View_Equalizer PUBLIC 
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/math 
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/QCustomPlot 
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/includes 
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Views 
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/View_Items 
${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
target_link_libraries(View_Equalizer PRIVATE Qt5::Widgets Qt5::PrintSupport)

target_compile_definitions(View_Equalizer PRIVATE VIEW_EQUALIZER_LIBRARY)

三、关于编译后,组织编译后的内容

我这里是写了一下编译后的事件,可以参考一下

cpp 复制代码
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)

project(Demo_View_Equalizer LANGUAGES CXX)
add_subdirectory(./View_Equalizer)
add_subdirectory(./QtHid)
set(CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR ON)

set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

# QtCreator supports the following variables for Android, which are identical to qmake Android variables.
# Check http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/deployment-android.html for more information.
# They need to be set before the find_package(Qt5 ...) call.

#if(ANDROID)
#    set(ANDROID_PACKAGE_SOURCE_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/android")
#    if (ANDROID_ABI STREQUAL "armeabi-v7a")
#        set(ANDROID_EXTRA_LIBS
#            ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/path/to/libcrypto.so
#            ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/path/to/libssl.so)
#    endif()
#endif()

find_package(Qt5 COMPONENTS Widgets REQUIRED)
if(ANDROID)
  add_library(Demo_View_Equalizer SHARED
    main.cpp
    mainwindow.cpp
    mainwindow.h
    mainwindow.ui
  )
else()
  add_executable(Demo_View_Equalizer
    main.cpp
    mainwindow.cpp
    mainwindow.h
    mainwindow.ui
  )
endif()

target_link_libraries(Demo_View_Equalizer PRIVATE Qt5::Widgets)
target_link_libraries(Demo_View_Equalizer PRIVATE View_Equalizer)

# 假设View_Equalizer模块的可执行文件或库在构建后将位于对应的Debug或Release目录下  
# 并且想在Demo_View_Equalizer模块构建完成后将其复制到对应的Demo_View_Equalizer的Debug或Release目录  
  
# 获取当前构建类型,默认为Debug,如果未设置CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE  
if(NOT DEFINED CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)  
  set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Debug)  
endif()  


# 根据构建类型设置A模块的输出目录路径  
set(A_OUTPUT_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")  
  
# 假设View_Equalizer模块的输出文件名(需要根据实际情况替换)  
set(B_OUTPUT_NAME "View_Equalizer.dll") # 假设的输出文件名  
  
# 设置View_Equalizer模块的输出文件路径  
set(B_OUTPUT_FILE "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/View_Equalizer/${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}/${B_OUTPUT_NAME}")  
  
# 目标文件在Demo_View_Equalizer模块的输出目录下的路径  
set(B_OUTPUT_DESTINATION "${A_OUTPUT_DIR}/${B_OUTPUT_NAME}")  

message(STATUS "B_OUTPUT_FILE : ${B_OUTPUT_FILE}")
message(STATUS "B_OUTPUT_DESTINATION : ${B_OUTPUT_DESTINATION}")
message(STATUS "command : ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${B_OUTPUT_FILE} ${B_OUTPUT_DESTINATION}")
# 添加一个自定义目标,以确保复制操作被执行  
add_custom_target(AllBuild ALL  
    DEPENDS ${B_OUTPUT_DESTINATION}  
)
# 添加一个自定义命令来执行复制操作  
add_custom_command(  
    OUTPUT ${B_OUTPUT_DESTINATION}  
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${B_OUTPUT_FILE} ${B_OUTPUT_DESTINATION}  
    DEPENDS ${B_OUTPUT_FILE}  
    COMMENT "Copying View_Equalizer output to Demo_View_Equalizer/${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} directory"  
    VERBATIM  
)  
# 确保我们的自定义目标在Demo_View_Equalizer之后构建  
add_dependencies(AllBuild Demo_View_Equalizer)