flutter开发实战-创建一个微光加载效果

flutter开发实战-创建一个微光加载效果

当加载数据的时候，loading是必不可少的。从用户体验（UX）的角度来看，最重要的是向用户展示加载正在进行。向用户传达数据正在加载的一种流行方法是在与正在加载的内容类型近似的形状上显示带有微光动画的铬色。

微光加载效果需要用到的是ShaderMask.

一、引入ShaderMask

将[着色器]生成的遮罩应用于其子对象的小部件。

ShaderMask(
   shaderCallback: (Rect bounds) {
     return RadialGradient(
       center: Alignment.topLeft,
       radius: 1.0,
       colors: <Color>[Colors.yellow, Colors.deepOrange.shade900],
       tileMode: TileMode.mirror,
     ).createShader(bounds);
   },
   child: const Text('I'm burning the memories'),
)

二、微光加载效果

使用ShaderMask微光加载效果，通过gradient.createShader控制微光的范围

return ShaderMask(
      blendMode: BlendMode.srcATop,
      shaderCallback: (bounds) {
        return gradient.createShader(
          Rect.fromLTWH(
            -offsetWithinShimmer.dx,
            -offsetWithinShimmer.dy,
            shimmerSize.width,
            shimmerSize.height,
          ),
        );
      },
      child: widget.child,
    );

创建一个微光加载效果完整代码如下

const _shimmerGradient = LinearGradient(
  colors: [
    Color(0xFFEBEBF4),
    Color(0xFFF4F4F4),
    Color(0xFFEBEBF4),
  ],
  stops: [
    0.1,
    0.3,
    0.4,
  ],
  begin: Alignment(-1.0, -0.3),
  end: Alignment(1.0, 0.3),
  tileMode: TileMode.clamp,
);

class ExampleUiLoadingAnimation extends StatefulWidget {
  const ExampleUiLoadingAnimation({
    super.key,
  });

  @override
  State<ExampleUiLoadingAnimation> createState() =>
      _ExampleUiLoadingAnimationState();
}

class _ExampleUiLoadingAnimationState extends State<ExampleUiLoadingAnimation> {
  bool _isLoading = true;

  void _toggleLoading() {
    setState(() {
      _isLoading = !_isLoading;
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      body: Shimmer(
        linearGradient: _shimmerGradient,
        child: ListView(
          physics: _isLoading ? const NeverScrollableScrollPhysics() : null,
          children: [
            const SizedBox(height: 16),
            _buildTopRowList(),
            const SizedBox(height: 16),
            _buildListItem(),
            _buildListItem(),
            _buildListItem(),
          ],
        ),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: _toggleLoading,
        child: Icon(
          _isLoading ? Icons.hourglass_full : Icons.hourglass_bottom,
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildTopRowList() {
    return SizedBox(
      height: 72,
      child: ListView(
        physics: _isLoading ? const NeverScrollableScrollPhysics() : null,
        scrollDirection: Axis.horizontal,
        shrinkWrap: true,
        children: [
          const SizedBox(width: 16),
          _buildTopRowItem(),
          _buildTopRowItem(),
          _buildTopRowItem(),
          _buildTopRowItem(),
          _buildTopRowItem(),
          _buildTopRowItem(),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildTopRowItem() {
    return ShimmerLoading(
      isLoading: _isLoading,
      child: const CircleListItem(),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildListItem() {
    return ShimmerLoading(
      isLoading: _isLoading,
      child: CardListItem(
        isLoading: _isLoading,
      ),
    );
  }
}

class Shimmer extends StatefulWidget {
  static ShimmerState? of(BuildContext context) {
    return context.findAncestorStateOfType<ShimmerState>();
  }

  const Shimmer({
    super.key,
    required this.linearGradient,
    this.child,
  });

  final LinearGradient linearGradient;
  final Widget? child;

  @override
  ShimmerState createState() => ShimmerState();
}

class ShimmerState extends State<Shimmer> with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  late AnimationController _shimmerController;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();

    _shimmerController = AnimationController.unbounded(vsync: this)
      ..repeat(min: -0.5, max: 1.5, period: const Duration(milliseconds: 1000));
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _shimmerController.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  LinearGradient get gradient => LinearGradient(
    colors: widget.linearGradient.colors,
    stops: widget.linearGradient.stops,
    begin: widget.linearGradient.begin,
    end: widget.linearGradient.end,
    transform:
    _SlidingGradientTransform(slidePercent: _shimmerController.value),
  );

  bool get isSized =>
      (context.findRenderObject() as RenderBox?)?.hasSize ?? false;

  Size get size => (context.findRenderObject() as RenderBox).size;

  Offset getDescendantOffset({
    required RenderBox descendant,
    Offset offset = Offset.zero,
  }) {
    final shimmerBox = context.findRenderObject() as RenderBox?;
    return descendant.localToGlobal(offset, ancestor: shimmerBox);
  }

  Listenable get shimmerChanges => _shimmerController;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return widget.child ?? const SizedBox();
  }
}

class _SlidingGradientTransform extends GradientTransform {
  const _SlidingGradientTransform({
    required this.slidePercent,
  });

  final double slidePercent;

  @override
  Matrix4? transform(Rect bounds, {TextDirection? textDirection}) {
    return Matrix4.translationValues(bounds.width * slidePercent, 0.0, 0.0);
  }
}

class ShimmerLoading extends StatefulWidget {
  const ShimmerLoading({
    super.key,
    required this.isLoading,
    required this.child,
  });

  final bool isLoading;
  final Widget child;

  @override
  State<ShimmerLoading> createState() => _ShimmerLoadingState();
}

class _ShimmerLoadingState extends State<ShimmerLoading> {
  Listenable? _shimmerChanges;

  @override
  void didChangeDependencies() {
    super.didChangeDependencies();
    if (_shimmerChanges != null) {
      _shimmerChanges!.removeListener(_onShimmerChange);
    }
    _shimmerChanges = Shimmer.of(context)?.shimmerChanges;
    if (_shimmerChanges != null) {
      _shimmerChanges!.addListener(_onShimmerChange);
    }
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _shimmerChanges?.removeListener(_onShimmerChange);
    super.dispose();
  }

  void _onShimmerChange() {
    if (widget.isLoading) {
      setState(() {
        // Update the shimmer painting.
      });
    }
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    if (!widget.isLoading) {
      return widget.child;
    }

    // Collect ancestor shimmer info.
    final shimmer = Shimmer.of(context)!;
    if (!shimmer.isSized) {
      // The ancestor Shimmer widget has not laid
      // itself out yet. Return an empty box.
      return const SizedBox();
    }
    final shimmerSize = shimmer.size;
    final gradient = shimmer.gradient;
    final offsetWithinShimmer = shimmer.getDescendantOffset(
      descendant: context.findRenderObject() as RenderBox,
    );

    return ShaderMask(
      blendMode: BlendMode.srcATop,
      shaderCallback: (bounds) {
        return gradient.createShader(
          Rect.fromLTWH(
            -offsetWithinShimmer.dx,
            -offsetWithinShimmer.dy,
            shimmerSize.width,
            shimmerSize.height,
          ),
        );
      },
      child: widget.child,
    );
  }
}

//----------- List Items ---------
class CircleListItem extends StatelessWidget {
  const CircleListItem({super.key});
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Padding(
      padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 8, vertical: 8),
      child: Container(
        width: 54,
        height: 54,
        decoration: const BoxDecoration(
          color: Colors.black,
          shape: BoxShape.circle,
        ),
        child: ClipOval(
          child: Image.network(
            'https://docs.flutter.dev/cookbook'
                '/img-files/effects/split-check/Avatar1.jpg',
            fit: BoxFit.cover,
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class CardListItem extends StatelessWidget {
  const CardListItem({
    super.key,
    required this.isLoading,
  });

  final bool isLoading;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Padding(
      padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 24, vertical: 16),
      child: Column(
        crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
        children: [
          _buildImage(),
          const SizedBox(height: 16),
          _buildText(),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildImage() {
    return AspectRatio(
      aspectRatio: 16 / 9,
      child: Container(
        width: double.infinity,
        decoration: BoxDecoration(
          color: Colors.black,
          borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(16),
        ),
        child: ClipRRect(
          borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(16),
          child: Image.network(
            'https://docs.flutter.dev/cookbook'
                '/img-files/effects/split-check/Food1.jpg',
            fit: BoxFit.cover,
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  Widget _buildText() {
    if (isLoading) {
      return Column(
        crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
        children: [
          Container(
            width: double.infinity,
            height: 24,
            decoration: BoxDecoration(
              color: Colors.black,
              borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(16),
            ),
          ),
          const SizedBox(height: 16),
          Container(
            width: 250,
            height: 24,
            decoration: BoxDecoration(
              color: Colors.black,
              borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(16),
            ),
          ),
        ],
      );
    } else {
      return const Padding(
        padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 8),
        child: Text(
          'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do '
              'eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.',
        ),
      );
    }
  }
}

三、小结

flutter开发实战-创建一个微光加载效果

学习记录，每天不停进步。