近期参加的项目,主管丢给我一个任务,说要支持滑动验证码。我身为50岁的软件攻城狮,当时正背着双手,好像一个受训的保安似的,中规中矩地参加每日站会,心想滑动验证码在今时今日已经是标配了,司空见惯,想必网上一搜一大把,岂非手到擒来。so easy,妈妈再也不用担心我的工作与学习。
孰料在网上寻寻觅觅点点击击,结果就是凄凄惨惨戚戚。好像提的最多的就是AJ-Captcha,但居然貌似下线了,文档打不开,demo也不见。还有一个声称可能是最好的滑动验证码,但好像很复杂,并且日本少女漫画风,跟我有代沟。有一个貌似跟Ant Design有点关联的组件,叫Wetrial的,好像还比较符合我的要求。但它只有前端,没有给出后端实现,并且它的前端好像也用不了。
但是,这个Wetrial.SliderCaptcha阐述了从后端获得的数据,仿佛制订了一个滑动验证码的接口标准。加上我在搜索过程中,看到的一些具体提示,有了一些思路。考虑到这个滑动验证,不仅要给自己的web端使用,还要开放给开发手机APP的外包人员调用,因此需要可控、便利、清晰,决定自己搞一个。
一、思路
1、背景图片和拼图图片都从后端,以base64的方式返回给前端
2、一起返回给前端的是一个json对象,包括背景和拼图内容、尺寸、token。token的作用是验证时即销毁,避免重放攻击,即每张背景图只验证一次
3、准备多张相同尺寸,不同内容的背景图,每次随机选一张
4、拼图从背景图中抠,抠后的坑填上白色,然后采集背景图的颜色,生成噪点加入这个坑。为的是避免机器容易识别这个白坑。
在chapGPT的指导下,历时一天,终于搞了个demo。效果如下
滑动验证
二、后端
后端就2个接口,一个供数据下载,一个供验证。
java
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.ValueOperations;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@RestController
public class CaptchaController {
@Autowired
private StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;
private String[] images;
int puzzlePieceWidth = 40;
int puzzlePieceHeight = 40;
@PostConstruct
public void init() throws IOException {
PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
Resource[] resources = resolver.getResources("classpath:/images/*.jpg"); // 修改为 *.jpg
images = new String[resources.length];
for (int i = 0; i < resources.length; i++) {
images[i] = resources[i].getURI().toString();
}
}
@GetMapping("/slideCaptcha")
public Map<String, Object> getCaptcha() throws IOException {
Map<String, Object> response = new HashMap<>();
// 生成唯一的 token
String token = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
// 随机选择背景图像
BufferedImage backgroundImage = getBgImg();
// 生成拼图块的随机位置
int puzzlePieceLeft = (int) (Math.random() * (backgroundImage.getWidth() - puzzlePieceWidth));
int puzzlePieceTop = (int) (Math.random() * (backgroundImage.getHeight() - puzzlePieceHeight));
// 创建拼图块
BufferedImage puzzlePieceImage = new BufferedImage(puzzlePieceWidth, puzzlePieceHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
Graphics2D puzzleG = puzzlePieceImage.createGraphics();
puzzleG.drawImage(backgroundImage, 0, 0, puzzlePieceWidth, puzzlePieceHeight, puzzlePieceLeft, puzzlePieceTop, puzzlePieceLeft + puzzlePieceWidth, puzzlePieceTop + puzzlePieceHeight, null);
puzzleG.dispose();
// 在背景图像上掩盖拼图块
setMask(backgroundImage, puzzlePieceLeft, puzzlePieceTop);
// 将图像转换为 Base64
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ImageIO.write(backgroundImage, "jpg", baos); // 保持为 "jpg"
String backgroundImageBase64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(baos.toByteArray());
baos.reset();
ImageIO.write(puzzlePieceImage, "png", baos); // 保持为 "png" 以支持透明度
String puzzlePieceBase64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(baos.toByteArray());
// 缓存 token 和位置
ValueOperations<String, String> ops = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
ops.set(token, String.valueOf(puzzlePieceLeft), 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
response.put("backgroundImage", backgroundImageBase64);
response.put("puzzlePiece", puzzlePieceBase64);
response.put("token", token);
//response.put("puzzlePieceLeft", puzzlePieceLeft);
//response.put("puzzlePieceTop", puzzlePieceTop);
response.put("backgroundWidth", backgroundImage.getWidth());
response.put("backgroundHeight", backgroundImage.getHeight());
response.put("puzzlePieceWidth", puzzlePieceWidth);
response.put("puzzlePieceHeight", puzzlePieceHeight);
return response;
}
@PostMapping("/slideVerify")
public Map<String, Object> verifyCaptcha(HttpServletRequest request, @RequestBody Map<String, Object> map) {
Map<String, Object> response = new HashMap<>();
String token = (String) map.get("token");
int position = (Integer) map.get("position");
ValueOperations<String, String> ops = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
String correctPositionStr = ops.get(token);
if (correctPositionStr != null) {
int correctPosition = Integer.parseInt(correctPositionStr);
if (Math.abs(position - correctPosition) < 10) {
response.put("success", true);
} else {
response.put("success", false);
}
redisTemplate.delete(token);
} else {
response.put("success", false);
}
return response;
}
private BufferedImage getBgImg() throws IOException {
String selectedImage = images[(int) (Math.random() * images.length)];
PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
Resource resource = resolver.getResource(selectedImage);
InputStream inputStream = resource.getInputStream();
return ImageIO.read(inputStream);
}
private void setMask(BufferedImage backgroundImage, int puzzlePieceLeft, int puzzlePieceTop) {
Graphics2D g = backgroundImage.createGraphics();
g.setComposite(AlphaComposite.Src);
g.setColor(Color.WHITE); // 使用白色填充
g.fillRect(puzzlePieceLeft, puzzlePieceTop, puzzlePieceWidth, puzzlePieceHeight);
// 从整幅背景图像采集颜色
Color[][] sampledColors = new Color[backgroundImage.getWidth()][backgroundImage.getHeight()];
for (int x = 0; x < backgroundImage.getWidth(); x++) {
for (int y = 0; y < backgroundImage.getHeight(); y++) {
sampledColors[x][y] = new Color(backgroundImage.getRGB(x, y));
}
}
for (int i = puzzlePieceLeft; i < puzzlePieceLeft + puzzlePieceWidth; i++) {
for (int j = puzzlePieceTop; j < puzzlePieceTop + puzzlePieceHeight; j++) {
// 获取背景区域的颜色
Color noiseColor = sampledColors[(int) (Math.random() * i)][(int) (Math.random() * j)];
// 绘制扰乱元素
g.setColor(noiseColor);
g.fillRect(i, j, 1, 1); // 绘制单个像素点,覆盖原始的白色矩形
}
}
g.dispose();
}
}
三、前端
demo使用经典的html + js + css来编写。注意请求后台的接口路径采用了nginx进行转发,避免浏览器的跨域限制.
javascript
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Captcha Verification</title>
<style>
.captcha-container {
position: relative;
width: 367px;
height: 267px;
margin: 50px auto;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
background-color: #f3f3f3;
}
.background-image {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
.puzzle-piece {
position: absolute;
width: 40px;
height: 40px;
cursor: move;
box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); /* 添加阴影效果 */
}
.slider-container {
width: 400px;
margin: 20px auto;
text-align: center;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
.slider {
width: 100%;
-webkit-appearance: none; /* 去除默认样式 */
appearance: none;
height: 10px; /* 设置滑道高度 */
background: #ddd; /* 滑道背景色 */
border-radius: 5px; /* 圆角 */
outline: none; /* 去除聚焦时的外边框 */
transition: background .2s; /* 过渡效果 */
}
.slider::-webkit-slider-thumb {
-webkit-appearance: none; /* 去除默认样式 */
appearance: none;
width: 20px; /* 滑块宽度 */
height: 20px; /* 滑块高度 */
background: #4CAF50; /* 滑块背景色 */
border-radius: 50%; /* 圆形 */
cursor: pointer; /* 光标样式 */
box-shadow: 0 0 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); /* 滑块阴影效果 */
}
.refresh-btn {
margin-left: 10px;
padding: 8px 16px;
cursor: pointer;
background-color: #4CAF50;
color: white;
border: none;
border-radius: 4px;
font-size: 14px;
}
</style>
<!-- Font Awesome CSS -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.15.3/css/all.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="captcha-container">
<img id="backgroundImage" class="background-image" src="" alt="Background Image">
<div id="puzzlePiece" class="puzzle-piece"></div>
</div>
<div class="slider-container">
<input type="range" min="0" max="327" value="0" class="slider" id="slider">
<button class="refresh-btn" id="refreshBtn"><i class="fas fa-sync-alt"></i></button>
</div>
<script>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
let slider = document.getElementById('slider');
let puzzlePiece = document.getElementById('puzzlePiece');
let token = '';
function loadCaptcha() {
fetch('/api/slideCaptcha') // 替换为你的后端接口地址
.then(response => response.json())
.then(data => {
document.getElementById('backgroundImage').src = 'data:image/jpeg;base64,' + data.backgroundImage;
puzzlePiece.style.backgroundImage = 'url(data:image/jpeg;base64,' + data.puzzlePiece + ')';
puzzlePiece.style.top = data.puzzlePieceTop + 'px';
puzzlePiece.style.left = '0px';
token = data.token;
slider.value = 0;
})
.catch(error => console.error('Error fetching captcha:', error));
}
let refreshBtn = document.getElementById('refreshBtn');
refreshBtn.addEventListener('click', function() {
loadCaptcha();
});
slider.addEventListener('input', function() {
puzzlePiece.style.left = slider.value + 'px';
});
slider.addEventListener('change', function() {
fetch('/api/slideVerify', { // 替换为你的后端验证接口地址
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
},
body: JSON.stringify({
token: token,
position: parseInt(slider.value)
}),
})
.then(response => response.json())
.then(data => {
if (data.success) {
alert(':-) 验证成功!');
} else {
alert('验证失败,请重试!');
}
loadCaptcha();
})
.catch(error => console.error('Error verifying captcha:', error));
});
loadCaptcha();
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
四、小结
俄国10月革命一声炮响,送来了美国的chatGPT。chatGPT吧,已经成了我的老师和工人。上面那些代码,都是我提要求,然后chatGPT生成的,甚至包括注释。我只修改了极少的地方。功能的确强大。但它其实又还不够智能,一些算法我一下子能看出问题,需要重重复复地提要求,每次它都说:明白了。它输入了海量的资料,知识渊博,各种编程语法更是精通,提交代码给它审查找问题,最是合适不过。它一般也能按要求给出初始代码,但有时总是差那么点意思。最讨厌的,是问它一些社科历史类的问题,经常一本正经地胡说八道。
这不是我想要的生活。
参考文章:
SlideCaptcha - 滑动验证码
滑块验证 - 使用AJ-Captcha插件【超简单.jpg】
TIANAI-CAPTCHA