从源码分析 SpringBoot 的 LoggingSystem → 它是如何绑定日志组件的

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前情回顾

SpringBoot2.7 霸王硬上弓 Logback1.3 → 不甜但解渴 实现了 spring-boot 2.x.xlogback 1.3.x 的集成,分两步

  1. 关闭 Spring Boot 的 LoggingSystem
  2. 配置文件用 logback.xml

从示例看,集成是成功的;但有些问题是没有分析的,比如

  1. System.setProperty("org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingSystem", "none") 是如何生效的
  2. Spring Boot 的 LoggingSystem 是如何与日志组件绑定的
  3. Spring Boot 默认依赖 3 个日志组件:logback、log4j、jul,为什么默认启用的是 logback,而非其它两个?

基于如上 3 个问题,我们一起去翻一翻 Spring Boot 的源码;在看源码之前,我先带大家回顾一些内容,方便下文的源码分析

  1. 设计模式之观察者模式 → 事件机制的底层原理

    讲了观察者模式的实现,以及在 JDK 中的应用(JDK 事件模型)、Spring 中的应用(事件机制);大家可以重点看下 Spring 的那个案例,使用非常简单,总结一句就是

    SpringBoot 启动过程中发送的事件,所有 ApplicationListener 都会收到(即 onApplicationEvent 方法会被调用)

  2. spring-boot-2.0.3启动源码篇一 - SpringApplication构造方法

    大家不要通篇去读,重点看 getSpringFactoriesInstances,与本文息息相关的归纳成一句

    查找类路径下全部的 META-INF/spring.factories 的文件路径,并加载所有 spring.factories 中的内容到 SpringFactoriesLoader 的 cache 中,然后从缓存中获取 ApplicationListener 类型的类并进行实例化

下文是基于 Spring Boot 默认情况下的源码分析,而非集成 logback 1.3.x 的源码分析,大家注意下

集成 logback 1.3.x 需要关闭 Spring Boot 的 LoggingSystem,那还分析个毛

源码分析

问题来了,从哪开始跟?我就不绕圈子了,从 LoggingApplicationListener 开始跟,首先它在 META-INF/spring.factories

其次它实现了 ApplicationListener

那么 Spring Boot 在启动过程中会实例化 LoggingApplicationListener,Spring Boot 启动过程中发送的事件都会来到 LoggingApplicationListeneronApplicationEvent 方法

java 复制代码
@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
	if (event instanceof ApplicationStartingEvent) {
		onApplicationStartingEvent((ApplicationStartingEvent) event);
	}
	else if (event instanceof ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent) {
		onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent((ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent) event);
	}
	else if (event instanceof ApplicationPreparedEvent) {
		onApplicationPreparedEvent((ApplicationPreparedEvent) event);
	}
	else if (event instanceof ContextClosedEvent) {
		onContextClosedEvent((ContextClosedEvent) event);
	}
	else if (event instanceof ApplicationFailedEvent) {
		onApplicationFailedEvent();
	}
}

Spring Boot 启动过程分不同的阶段,在每个阶段都会发送对应阶段的事件,LoggingApplicationListener 针对这些事件会有不同的处理,我们暂且只需要关注以下事件

ApplicationStartingEvent,对应的处理方法:onApplicationStartingEvent

ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent,对应的处理方法:onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent

ApplicationPreparedEvent,对应的处理方法:onApplicationPreparedEvent

onApplicationStartingEvent

java 复制代码
private void onApplicationStartingEvent(ApplicationStartingEvent event) {
	this.loggingSystem = LoggingSystem.get(event.getSpringApplication().getClassLoader());
	this.loggingSystem.beforeInitialize();
}

方法很简单,获取日志系统,然后调用其 beforeInitialize 方法,我们跟进 LoggingSystem.get

java 复制代码
public static LoggingSystem get(ClassLoader classLoader) {
	String loggingSystemClassName = System.getProperty(SYSTEM_PROPERTY);
	if (StringUtils.hasLength(loggingSystemClassName)) {
		if (NONE.equals(loggingSystemClassName)) {
			return new NoOpLoggingSystem();
		}
		return get(classLoader, loggingSystemClassName);
	}
	LoggingSystem loggingSystem = SYSTEM_FACTORY.getLoggingSystem(classLoader);
	Assert.state(loggingSystem != null, "No suitable logging system located");
	return loggingSystem;
}

打个断点调试下,你们就会发现 SYSTEM_PROPERTY 的值是 org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingSystem

从系统属性中获取 org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingSystem ,是不是和

System.setProperty("org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingSystem", "none") 是如何生效的

对应上了?如果获取的值是 none,直接返回 NoOpLoggingSystem 实例

java 复制代码
/**
 * {@link LoggingSystem} that does nothing.
 */
static class NoOpLoggingSystem extends LoggingSystem {

	@Override
	public void beforeInitialize() {

	}

	@Override
	public void setLogLevel(String loggerName, LogLevel level) {

	}

	@Override
	public List<LoggerConfiguration> getLoggerConfigurations() {
		return Collections.emptyList();
	}

	@Override
	public LoggerConfiguration getLoggerConfiguration(String loggerName) {
		return null;
	}

}

全是空实现,相当于关闭了 Spring Boot 的 LoggingSystem;org.springframework.boot.logging.LoggingSystem 还可以设置成其他值,但需要有对应的实现。默认情况下 loggingSystemClassName 的值是 null ,会跳过 if 来到 SYSTEM_FACTORY.getLoggingSystem(classLoader);

java 复制代码
@Override
public LoggingSystem getLoggingSystem(ClassLoader classLoader) {
	List<LoggingSystemFactory> delegates = (this.delegates != null) ? this.delegates.apply(classLoader) : null;
	if (delegates != null) {
		for (LoggingSystemFactory delegate : delegates) {
			LoggingSystem loggingSystem = delegate.getLoggingSystem(classLoader);
			if (loggingSystem != null) {
				return loggingSystem;
			}
		}
	}
	return null;
}

这里推荐用断点调试去跟源码,按 F7 之后会来到 LoggingSystemFactory#fromSpringFactories

java 复制代码
/**
 * Return a {@link LoggingSystemFactory} backed by {@code spring.factories}.
 * @return a {@link LoggingSystemFactory} instance
 */
static LoggingSystemFactory fromSpringFactories() {
	return new DelegatingLoggingSystemFactory(
			(classLoader) -> SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactories(LoggingSystemFactory.class, classLoader));
}

SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactories 是不是很眼熟?(不眼熟的去看:spring-boot-2.0.3启动源码篇一 - SpringApplication构造方法)此时它会做三件事

  1. 从 SpringFactoriesLoader#cache 中获取 LoggingSystemFactory 类型的工厂类的类名列表

    之前已经加载到 SpringFactoriesLoader#cache 中,所以此时从缓存中获取;注意看三个实现类的顺序,LogbackLoggingSystem.Factory 在最前面

  2. 实例化这些工厂类

  3. 对这些工厂类实例按 @Order 升序排序

    这三个工厂类的 @Order 值是一样的,都是 @Order(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE),所以顺序不变,LogbackLoggingSystem.Factory 仍在最前面

回到 DelegatingLoggingSystemFactory#getLoggingSystem,对这些工厂类实例逐个遍历,得到 LoggingSystem 立即返回,不再遍历后面的工厂实例;第一个遍历的的是 LogbackLoggingSystem.Factory,调用其 getLoggingSystem 方法

java 复制代码
private static final boolean PRESENT = ClassUtils.isPresent("ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext",
		Factory.class.getClassLoader());

@Override
public LoggingSystem getLoggingSystem(ClassLoader classLoader) {
	if (PRESENT) {
		return new LogbackLoggingSystem(classLoader);
	}
	return null;
}

ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext 存在(即存在logback依赖),直接创建 LogbackLoggingSystem 实例并返回;至此 Spring Boot 的 LoggingSystem 确定将基于 logback,而非 log4j,也非 jul,问题

Spring Boot 的 LoggingSystem 是如何与日志组件绑定的

Spring Boot 默认依赖 3 个日志组件:logback、log4j、jul,为什么默认启用的是 logback,而非其它两个?

是不是清楚了?LoggingSystem 确定为 LogbackLoggingSystem 后回到 LoggingApplicationListener#onApplicationStartingEvent 方法的第二行,即调用 LogbackLoggingSystem#beforeInitialize 方法

java 复制代码
@Override
public void beforeInitialize() {
	LoggerContext loggerContext = getLoggerContext();
	if (isAlreadyInitialized(loggerContext)) {
		return;
	}
	super.beforeInitialize();
	loggerContext.getTurboFilterList().add(FILTER);
}

主要初始化 LoggerContext,跟进 getLoggerContext()

java 复制代码
private LoggerContext getLoggerContext() {
	ILoggerFactory factory = StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton().getLoggerFactory();
	Assert.isInstanceOf(LoggerContext.class, factory,
			() -> String.format(
					"LoggerFactory is not a Logback LoggerContext but Logback is on "
							+ "the classpath. Either remove Logback or the competing "
							+ "implementation (%s loaded from %s). If you are using "
							+ "WebLogic you will need to add 'org.slf4j' to "
							+ "prefer-application-packages in WEB-INF/weblogic.xml",
					factory.getClass(), getLocation(factory)));
	return (LoggerContext) factory;
}

StaticLoggerBinder 有没有很熟悉?看下它的全类名:org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder,在 logback-classic-1.2.12.jar 下 ,而 logback 1.3.x 没有这个类

所以 spring-boot 2.x.x 默认不支持 logback 1.3.x

总结下,onApplicationStartingEvent 方法确定了日志系统是 LogbackLoggingSystem

onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent

java 复制代码
private void onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent event) {
	SpringApplication springApplication = event.getSpringApplication();
	if (this.loggingSystem == null) {
		this.loggingSystem = LoggingSystem.get(springApplication.getClassLoader());
	}
	initialize(event.getEnvironment(), springApplication.getClassLoader());
}

很显然 loggingSystem 不为 null,我们直接跟 initialize 方法

java 复制代码
protected void initialize(ConfigurableEnvironment environment, ClassLoader classLoader) {
	getLoggingSystemProperties(environment).apply();
	this.logFile = LogFile.get(environment);
	if (this.logFile != null) {
		this.logFile.applyToSystemProperties();
	}
	// 日志分组,暂不关注
	this.loggerGroups = new LoggerGroups(DEFAULT_GROUP_LOGGERS);
	// 设置早期日志级别,主要debug和trace之间的抉择
	initializeEarlyLoggingLevel(environment);
	// 初始化日志系统
	initializeSystem(environment, this.loggingSystem, this.logFile);
	// 设置最终日志级别
	initializeFinalLoggingLevels(environment, this.loggingSystem);
	registerShutdownHookIfNecessary(environment, this.loggingSystem);
}

我们暂时只关注 initializeSystem 方法

继续往下跟,来到 LogbackLoggingSystem#initialize

继续往下跟,来到 AbstractLoggingSystem#initialize

继续往下跟,来到 AbstractLoggingSystem#initializeWithConventions

java 复制代码
private void initializeWithConventions(LoggingInitializationContext initializationContext, LogFile logFile) {
	String config = getSelfInitializationConfig();
	if (config != null && logFile == null) {
		// self initialization has occurred, reinitialize in case of property changes
		reinitialize(initializationContext);
		return;
	}
	if (config == null) {
		config = getSpringInitializationConfig();
	}
	if (config != null) {
		loadConfiguration(initializationContext, config, logFile);
		return;
	}
	loadDefaults(initializationContext, logFile);
}

其中 getSelfInitializationConfig() 就是从 classpath 下逐个寻找

logback-test.groovy, logback-test.xml, logback.groovy, logback.xml

这四个文件,一旦找到则直接返回;因为找到了 logback.xml,所以来到第一个 if

继续跟进,来到 LogbackLoggingSystem#reinitialize

logback.xml 中的配置进行加载;至此,Spring Boot 的 LoggingSystem 与 Logback 的绑定就完成了,你们清楚了吗?

我们重新回到 AbstractLoggingSystem#initializeWithConventions ,如果 classpath

logback-test.groovy, logback-test.xml, logback.groovy, logback.xml

这四个文件都没有,会来到 config = getSpringInitializationConfig();,逐步跟下去会来到 AbstractLoggingSystem#getSpringConfigLocations

java 复制代码
protected String[] getSpringConfigLocations() {
	String[] locations = getStandardConfigLocations();
	for (int i = 0; i < locations.length; i++) {
		String extension = StringUtils.getFilenameExtension(locations[i]);
		locations[i] = locations[i].substring(0, locations[i].length() - extension.length() - 1) + "-spring."
				+ extension;
	}
	return locations;
}

这个方法大家都能看懂吧,locations 的值

logback-test.groovy, logback-test.xml, logback.groovy, logback.xml

逐个遍历,然后进行拼接,最终得到
logback-test-spring.groovy, logback-test-spring.xml, logback-spring.groovy, logback-spring.xml

同样从 classpath 下逐个寻找,一旦找到直接返回;这也是为什么我们的日志配置文件是 logback-spring.xml 也能生效的原因。我们可以给 Spring Boot 的日志配置文件排个优先级

logback-test.groovy > logback-test.xml > logback.groovy > logback.xml > logback-test-spring.groovy > logback-test-spring.xml > logback-spring.groovy > logback-spring.xml

总结下,onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent 完成了日志系统的初始化(日志配置文件的加载)

onApplicationPreparedEvent

java 复制代码
private void onApplicationPreparedEvent(ApplicationPreparedEvent event) {
	ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = event.getApplicationContext();
	ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = applicationContext.getBeanFactory();
	if (!beanFactory.containsBean(LOGGING_SYSTEM_BEAN_NAME)) {
		beanFactory.registerSingleton(LOGGING_SYSTEM_BEAN_NAME, this.loggingSystem);
	}
	if (this.logFile != null && !beanFactory.containsBean(LOG_FILE_BEAN_NAME)) {
		beanFactory.registerSingleton(LOG_FILE_BEAN_NAME, this.logFile);
	}
	if (this.loggerGroups != null && !beanFactory.containsBean(LOGGER_GROUPS_BEAN_NAME)) {
		beanFactory.registerSingleton(LOGGER_GROUPS_BEAN_NAME, this.loggerGroups);
	}
	if (!beanFactory.containsBean(LOGGING_LIFECYCLE_BEAN_NAME) && applicationContext.getParent() == null) {
		beanFactory.registerSingleton(LOGGING_LIFECYCLE_BEAN_NAME, new Lifecycle());
	}
}

代码不复杂,就是注册了几个 Bean 到 Spring 容器,其中的 loggingSystem 是我们暂时比较关注的,默认情况下其类型是:LogbackLoggingSystem

日志打印

Spring Boot 的 LoggingSystem 完成与 Logback 的绑定后,它是如何使用然后打印日志的呢?是不是也像

这样来使用的?那绝对不可能的!

这么使用的话,跟 Spring Boot 的 LoggingSystem 有鸡毛的关系?我们来看下 Spring Boot 中日志的使用,SpringApplication 179 行就用到了

我们会发现 LogLogFactoryspring-jcl-5.3.31.jar 包下

spring-jcl 类似 slf4j,也是一个日志门面,本文不展开

跟进 LogFactory.getLog ,一路跟下去会来到 LogAdapter#createLog

java 复制代码
public static Log createLog(String name) {
	switch (logApi) {
		case LOG4J:
			return Log4jAdapter.createLog(name);
		case SLF4J_LAL:
			return Slf4jAdapter.createLocationAwareLog(name);
		case SLF4J:
			return Slf4jAdapter.createLog(name);
		default:
			// Defensively use lazy-initializing adapter class here as well since the
			// java.logging module is not present by default on JDK 9. We are requiring
			// its presence if neither Log4j nor SLF4J is available; however, in the
			// case of Log4j or SLF4J, we are trying to prevent early initialization
			// of the JavaUtilLog adapter - e.g. by a JVM in debug mode - when eagerly
			// trying to parse the bytecode for all the cases of this switch clause.
			return JavaUtilAdapter.createLog(name);
	}
}

logApi 的值获取如下

java 复制代码
private static final String LOG4J_SPI = "org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.ExtendedLogger";

private static final String LOG4J_SLF4J_PROVIDER = "org.apache.logging.slf4j.SLF4JProvider";

private static final String SLF4J_SPI = "org.slf4j.spi.LocationAwareLogger";

private static final String SLF4J_API = "org.slf4j.Logger";

private static final LogApi logApi;

static {
	if (isPresent(LOG4J_SPI)) {
		if (isPresent(LOG4J_SLF4J_PROVIDER) && isPresent(SLF4J_SPI)) {
			// log4j-to-slf4j bridge -> we'll rather go with the SLF4J SPI;
			// however, we still prefer Log4j over the plain SLF4J API since
			// the latter does not have location awareness support.
			logApi = LogApi.SLF4J_LAL;
		}
		else {
			// Use Log4j 2.x directly, including location awareness support
			logApi = LogApi.LOG4J;
		}
	}
	else if (isPresent(SLF4J_SPI)) {
		// Full SLF4J SPI including location awareness support
		logApi = LogApi.SLF4J_LAL;
	}
	else if (isPresent(SLF4J_API)) {
		// Minimal SLF4J API without location awareness support
		logApi = LogApi.SLF4J;
	}
	else {
		// java.util.logging as default
		logApi = LogApi.JUL;
	}
}

根据优先级逐个去类路径下寻找类,找到了直接返回;Spring Boot 默认情况下用的是 SLF4J + Logback,所以 logApi 的值是 SLF4J_SPI,那么 LogAdapter#createLog 的返回值的类型是 LogAdapter$Slf4jLocationAwareLog

相当于完成了 spring-jclslf4j 的适配;这么说来,Spring Boot 日志还是走的 SLF4J + Logback ?跟 Spring Boot 的 LoggingSystem 有什么关系呢?敬请期待下篇

总结

  1. onApplicationStartingEvent

    确定日志系统类型并创建对应的 LoggingSystem,默认情况下是 LogbackLoggingSystem

  2. onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent

    完成日志配置文件的加载以及 LoggingSystem 的初始化

  3. Spring Boot 的日志打印貌似与 LoggingSystem 没有关系?下篇分析