1、pom文件引入jar包
XML
<!-- 单元测试 start -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.jsonzou</groupId>
<artifactId>jmockdata</artifactId>
<version>4.1.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 单元测试 end -->2、创建单元测试用例目录
保持与main级别一致，并且具体的测试用例存放目录也跟源代码的目录级别保持一致
3、单元测试类的基本框架
java
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({CommonUtils.class}) // 工具类
public class OrderServiceTest {
@InjectMocks
private OrderService orderService;
@Mock
private OrderMapper orderMapper;
@Mock
private OrderHelper orderHelper;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
PowerMockito.mockStatic(CommonUtils.class);
}
// 被测试的方法 orderService.pageOrderRecord有返回值
@Test
public void testPageOrderRecord() {
// Gievn
OrderRecordDTO orderRecordDTO = new OrderRecordDTO();
orderRecordDTO.setId("111");
orderRecordDTO.setPageIndex(1);
orderRecordDTO.setPageSize(10);
// When
OrderRecordEntity orderRecord = JMockData.mock(OrderRecordEntity.class);
List<OrderRecordEntity> mock = Lists.newArrayList();
mock.add(orderRecord);
PowerMockito.when(orderMapper.selectEntityListPage(any())).thenReturn(mock); // mock的方法有返回值
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(orderHelper).fillData(any()); // mock的方法没有返回值
PowerMockito.when(CommonUtils.doPageQuery(Mockito.any(), Mockito.any(), Mockito.any())).thenReturn(new PageRows<>()); // mock工具类方法
// Run the test
PageRows<OrderRecordDTO> rt = orderService.pageOrderRecord(OrderRecordDTO);
// Verify the results
Assert.assertNotNull(rt);
}
}4、常见单元测试问题
4.1、静态方法如何mock
参见基本框架里的CommonUtils.doPageQuery()的mock。
如果被测试类的方法中调用到了静态方法CommonUtils.doPageQuery()，在写测试类的时候就需要主要注意：
@PrepareForTest（{CommonUtils.class}）、
PowerMockito.mockStatic(CommonUtils.class);
4.2、返回类型为void的方法如何mock
参见基本框架里的orderHelper.fillData()方法的mock。
4.3、被@Value注解的值如何mock
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(对象,"成员变量","变量mock值");
被测试类：
java
@Component
public class OrderExternalFacade {
@Autowired
private OrderAbility OrderAbility;
@Autowired
private OrderExternalConvertor OrderExternalConvertor;
@Value("${switch.new.system:false}")
protected boolean switchNewSystem;
public PageRows<OrderVO> listOrder(OrderQueryVO OrderQueryVO) {
if (switchNewSystem) {
return OrderExternalConvertor.pageDto2PageVo(
OrderAbility.listOrder(OrderExternalConvertor.queryVo2ModelQuery(OrderQueryVO)));
}
return OrderExternalConvertor.pageDto2PageVo(
OrderAbility.listOrderFromEpm(OrderExternalConvertor.queryVo2QueryDto(OrderQueryVO)));
}
}单元测试类：
java
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
public class OrderExternalFacadeTest {
@InjectMocks
private OrderExternalFacade OrderExternalFacade;
@Mock
private OrderAbility OrderAbility;
@Mock
private OrderExternalConvertor OrderExternalConvertor;
@Test
public void listOrder() {
ReflectionTestUtils.setField(OrderExternalFacade, "switchNewSystem", true);
when(OrderExternalConvertor.queryVo2ModelQuery(any())).thenReturn(new OrderModelQueryDTO());
when(OrderAbility.listOrder(any())).thenReturn(new PageRows<>());
when(OrderExternalConvertor.pageDto2PageVo(any())).thenReturn(new PageRows<>());
PageRows<OrderVO> rt = OrderExternalFacade.listOrder(new OrderQueryVO());
Assert.assertNotNull(rt);
}
}4.4、返回类型为void的方法如何断言
验证调用次数：verify(OrderService, times(1)).insertOrder(orderBO);
被测试类：
java
public class OrderService{
@Autowired
private OrderDao OrderDao;
/**
* 添加订单
* @param OrderBO
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void insertOrder(OrderBO OrderBO) throws Exception{
OrderDao.insertOrder(OrderBO);
}
}单元测试类：
java
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
public class OrderServiceTest {
@InjectMocks
private OrderService OrderService;
@Mock
private OrderDao OrderDao;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {}
@Test
public void testinsertOrder() throws Exception {
OrderBO orderBO = new OrderBO();
orderBO.setHandleType("order");
orderBO.setBoId("1234568");
orderBO.setHandeleSuggest("submit");
// 如何mock 返回类型为void的方法
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(OrderDao).insertOrder(any());
//when
OrderService.insertOrder(orderBO);
verify(OrderService, times(1)).insertOrder(orderBO);
}
}4.5、异常如何断言
被测试类：
java
public void delete(List<String> ids, String requiredBillId) {
RequiredBillEntity requiredBill = requiredBillMapper.selectEntity(requiredBillId);
if (requiredBill == null){
throw new BusinessException(RetCode.BUSINESSERROR_CODE, MessageConst.REQUIRED_BILL_NOT_FOUND);
}
if (!RequiredBillStatusEnum.DRAFT.getStatus().equals(requiredBill.getStatus())){
throw new BusinessException(RetCode.BUSINESSERROR_CODE, MessageConst.REQUIRED_BILL_STATUS_NOT_DRAFT);
}
requiredBillDetailMapper.deleteEntities(new ParamsMap("id_IN", ids));
}测试类：
java
@Test
public void testDelete() {
List<String> ids = Lists.newArrayList();
ids.add("dddd");
String requiredBillId = "ddd";
when(requiredBillMapper.selectEntity(anyString())).thenReturn(null);
// 断言业务异常
try {
requiredBillDetailService.delete(ids,requiredBillId);
fail("Expected BusiException");
} catch (BusiException e) {
assertEquals(RetCode.BUSINESSERROR_CODE, e.getExCode());
assertEquals(REQUIRED_BILL_NOT_FOUND, e.getMessage());
}
}简洁的一点的话：
java
@Test
public void testDelete() {
List<String> ids = Lists.newArrayList();
ids.add("dddd");
String requiredBillId = "ddd";
when(requiredBillMapper.selectEntity(anyString())).thenReturn(null);
// 断言业务异常
Assert.assertThrows(BusinessException.class, () ->requiredBillDetailService.delete(requiredBillDetailDTO));
}