Nginx 实现七层的负载均衡

一、拓扑结构

bash 复制代码

							 [vip: 20.20.20.20]
外网 桥接模式（vip）
内网 nat模式
						[LB1 Nginx]		    [LB2 Nginx]
					     192.168.1.2		192.168.1.3

		[index]		[milis]		 [videos]	   [images]  	  [news]
		 1.11		 1.21		   1.31			1.41		  1.51
		 1.12		 1.22		   1.32			1.42		  1.52
		 1.13		 1.23		   1.33			1.43		  1.53
		 ...		 ...		   ...			...		      ...
		 /web     /web/milis    /web/videos     /web/images   /web/news
	  index.html  index.html     index.html      index.html   index.html

分析：

1.准备三台虚拟机

2.每台机器安装nginx

bash 复制代码

yum -y install nginx

代理机：需要添加一个桥接模式的网卡，保证同一网段内其他真实机器可以访问

因为是实验环境直接VMware上添加即可

bash 复制代码

9: ens36: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d1:c4:a1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.101.89/24 brd 192.168.101.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens36
       valid_lft 53818sec preferred_lft 53818sec

还剩两台服务器这里模仿有五个业务场景每个业务场景有两台负载机即一共需要十个机器，这里用新增ip的方式来模拟剩余两台每台机器新增五个ip

bash 复制代码

ip addr add 192.168.1.100/24 dev eth0 #添加
ip addr del 192.168.1.100/24 dev eth0 #删除

# 需要注意的是这里的网段需要一样才能访问？？？？  这里有疑问  暂时未解决

ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:fb:ff:6f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.29.143/24 brd 192.168.29.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.29.160/24 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.29.161/24 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.29.162/24 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.29.163/24 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.29.164/24 scope global secondary ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# 这里每个ip 代表一个业务机[index][milis][videos][images][news]

代理机上配置添加：

bash 复制代码

    upstream index {
        server 192.168.29.170:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
        server 192.168.29.160:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
       }
    upstream news {
        server 192.168.29.171:81 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
        server 192.168.29.161:81 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
       }
          
    upstream milis {
        server 192.168.29.172:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
        server 192.168.29.162:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
       }
       
     upstream videos {
        server 192.168.29.173:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
        server 192.168.29.163:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
       }
       
     upstream images {
        server 192.168.29.174:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
        server 192.168.29.164:80 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
       }

       
     server {
          	location / {
      		proxy_pass http://index/;
      		}
      		
      		location  /news {
      		proxy_pass http://news/;
      		}
      		
      		location /milis {
      		proxy_pass http://milis/;
      		}
      		
      		location ~* \.(wmv|mp4|rmvb)$ { 
             proxy_pass http://videos; 
      		}

      		location ~* \.(png|gif|jpg)$ { 
      		proxy_pass http://images;
      		}
        }

# 这里需要注意的点是proxy_pass http://videos；proxy_pass http://milis/;
# 结尾/的问题
# 加/ 的情况假设你的访问路径  curl xxxxx/aa/milis   proxy_pass http://milis/;  结尾加了/   这里会将location后面匹配到的部分去掉  你的url就变为了  http://milis组负载均衡到的的ip/aa 
# 不加/ 的情况 会保留 即 假设你的 curl  xxxx/a.png     通过正则匹配location ~* \.(png|gif|jpg)$     实际url 就是：http://images组负载均衡到的的ip/a.png

服务器

下面以images 举例首先在conf.d/下新增images.conf这个配置文件

bash 复制代码

server {
    listen       192.168.29.164:80;
    server_name  www.images.com;
    root         /usr/share/nginx/html/images;
    access_log   /var/log/nginx/index-access.log  main;

    # Load configuration files for the default server block.
    # include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    location /  {
        index index.html  index.hml;
    }

    error_page 404 /404.html;
    location = /404.html {
    }

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
    }
} 



[root@slave01 html]# tree /etc/nginx/
/etc/nginx/
├── conf.d
│   ├── default.conf
│   ├── images.conf
│   ├── index.conf
│   ├── milis.conf
│   ├── news.conf
│   └── videos.conf
├── fastcgi_params
├── mime.types
├── modules -> ../../usr/lib64/nginx/modules
├── nginx.conf
├── scgi_params
└── uwsgi_params

然后根据root /usr/share/nginx/html/images 新增发布文件目录

bash 复制代码

[root@slave01 html]# tree /usr/share/nginx/
/usr/share/nginx/
└── html
    ├── 50x.html
    ├── images
    │   ├── a.png
    │   └── index.html
    ├── index
    │   └── index.html
    ├── index.html
    ├── milis
    │   └── index.html
    ├── news
    │   └── index.html
    └── videos
        ├── a.mp4
        └── index.html