Java21引入的新特性------记录模式(Record Patterns),是对Java语言模式匹配功能的进一步扩展。
记录模式的定义与目的
记录模式是Java语言中的一个新特性,旨在简化和标准化对记录类实例的解构,允许程序员更加方便、安全地访问和操作记录类的组件。记录类本身是在Java 14中引入的,作为一种简化不可变数据类定义的方式。记录模式通过编译时检查确保访问的正确性,避免错误的字段访问或类型不匹配问题,并使代码更加简洁明了。
记录模式在if中的使用
java
public static void testInIf(Object object) {
if (object instanceof Points points) {
System.out.println("pre jdk 19 object is a position, x = " + points.x()
+ ", y = " + points.y());
}
if (object instanceof Points(int x, int y)) {
System.out.println("jdk 19 object is a position, x = " + x + ", y = " + y);
}
}
记录模式在switch中的使用
java
public static void testInSwitch(Object object) {
switch (object) {
case Points points -> System.out.println("pre jdk 19 object is a position, x = " + points.x() + ", y = " + points.y());
default -> throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected value: " + object);
}
switch (object) {
case Points(int x, int y) -> System.out.println("jdk 19 object is a position, x = " + x + ", y = " + y);
default -> throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected value: " + object);
}
}
记录模式的嵌套使用
java
public static void testInNest(Object object) {
if (object instanceof Line(Points(int x1, int y1), Points(int x2, int y2))){
System.out.println("object is a path, x1 = " + x1 + ", y1 = " + y1 + ", x2 = " + x2 + ", y2 = " + y2);
}
switch (object) {
case Line(Points(int x1, int y1), Points(int x2, int y2)) ->
System.out.println("object is a path, x1 = " + x1 + ", y1 = " + y1 + ", x2 = " + x2 + ", y2 = " + y2);
// other cases ...
default -> throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected value: " + object);
}
}
记录模式的优势
清晰性:记录模式使代码更加简洁明了,减少了访问记录类字段的样板代码。
安全性:通过编译时检查确保访问的正确性,避免错误的字段访问或类型不匹配问题。
效率:编译器可以生成更高效的代码,因为模式匹配的意图明确,减少了运行时的开销。