一、什么是SSE
严格地说,HTTP 协议无法做到服务器主动推送信息。但是,有一种变通方法,就是服务器向客户端声明,接下来要发送的是流信息(streaming)。
也就是说,发送的不是一次性的数据包,而是一个数据流,会连续不断地发送过来。这时,客户端不会关闭连接,会一直等着服务器发过来的新的数据流,视频播放就是这样的例子。本质上,这种通信就是以流信息的方式,完成一次用时很长的下载。
SSE 就是利用这种机制,使用流信息向浏览器推送信息。它基于 HTTP 协议,目前除了 IE/Edge,其他浏览器都支持。
二、如何在java中实现SSE
在Spring Boot项目中,无需额外引入特定的依赖,因为Spring Web MVC模块已经内置了对SSE的支持。
1、编写SSE服务,来进行创建链接和发送消息
package com.smart3dmap.prjpntmanage.service;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.SseEmitter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
@Slf4j
@Service
public class SSEService {
private static final Map<String,SseEmitter> sseEmitterMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
public SseEmitter crateSse(String uid) {
SseEmitter sseEmitter = new SseEmitter(0L);
sseEmitter.onCompletion(() -> {
log.info("[{}]结束链接" , uid);
sseEmitterMap.remove(uid);
});
sseEmitter.onTimeout(() -> {
log.info("[{}]链接超时",uid);
});
sseEmitter.onError(throwable -> {
try{
log.info("[{}]链接异常,{}",uid,throwable.toString());
sseEmitter.send(SseEmitter.event()
.id(uid)
.name("发生异常")
.data("发生异常请重试")
.reconnectTime(3000));
sseEmitterMap.put(uid,sseEmitter);
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
try{
sseEmitter.send(SseEmitter.event().reconnectTime(5000));
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
sseEmitterMap.put(uid,sseEmitter);
log.info("[{}]创建sse连接成功!",uid);
return sseEmitter;
}
public boolean sendMessage(String uid,String messageId,String message){
if(StringUtils.isEmpty(message)){
log.info("[{}]参数异常,msg为空",uid);
return false;
}
SseEmitter sseEmitter = sseEmitterMap.get(uid);
if(sseEmitter == null){
log.info("[{}]sse连接不存在",uid);
return false;
}
try{
sseEmitter.send(SseEmitter.event().id(messageId).reconnectTime(60000).data(message));
log.info("用户{},消息ID:{},推送成功:{}",uid,messageId,message);
return true;
}catch (IOException e){
sseEmitterMap.remove(uid);
log.info("用户{},消息ID:{},消息推送失败:{}",uid,messageId,message);
sseEmitter.complete();
return false;
}
}
public void closeSse(String uid){
if(sseEmitterMap.containsKey(uid)){
SseEmitter sseEmitter = sseEmitterMap.get(uid);
sseEmitter.complete();
sseEmitterMap.remove(uid);
}else {
log.info("用户{}连接已关闭",uid);
}
}
}
2、编写对应的Controller来实现具体业务
package com.test.controller;
import cn.hutool.core.util.IdUtil;
import com.test.service.SSEService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.SseEmitter;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("test")
public class TestController {
@Autowired
private SSEService sseService;
@GetMapping("createSse")
@CrossOrigin
public SseEmitter createSse(String uid)
{
return sseService.crateSse(uid);
}
@GetMapping("sendMsg")
@ResponseBody
@CrossOrigin
public String sseChat(String uid){
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
sseService.sendMessage(uid,"消息"+i,IdUtil.fastUUID().replace("-",""));
}
return "OK";
}
@GetMapping("closeSse")
@CrossOrigin
public void closeSse(String uid){
sseService.closeSse(uid);
}
}
三、前端实现消息的监听
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>SSE消息推送监听</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="conMsg"></div>
<script>
let uid = 1;
let chat = document.getElementById("conMsg");
if(window.EventSource){
var eventSource = new EventSource(`http://127.0.0.1:8090/test/createSse?uid=${uid}`);
eventSource.onopen = ()=>{
console.log("链接成功");
}
eventSource.onmessage = (ev)=>{
if(ev.data){
chat.innerHTML += ev.data+"<br>";
}
}
eventSource.onerror = ()=>{
console.log("sse链接失败")
}
}else{
alert("当前浏览器不支持sse")
}
</script>
</body>
</html>