1、概述
QWebSocketServer
是 Qt 框架中用于处理 WebSocket 服务器端的类。它允许开发者创建 WebSocket 服务器,接受客户端的连接,并与之进行双向通信。WebSocket 是一种在单个 TCP 连接上进行全双工通讯的协议,它使得客户端和服务器之间的数据交换变得更加简单和高效。
QWebSocketServer
提供了 WebSocket 服务器所需的基本功能,包括监听端口、接受连接、发送和接收消息等。它通常与 QWebSocket
类一起使用,后者表示一个 WebSocket 连接,并提供了与该连接进行交互的方法。
2、重要方法
QWebSocketServer
类的重要方法包括但不限于:
QWebSocketServer(const QString &serverName, QWebSocketServer::NonSecureMode serverType = NonSecureMode, QObject *parent = nullptr)
: 构造函数,创建一个 WebSocket 服务器实例。bool listen(const QHostAddress &address = QHostAddress::Any, quint16 port = 0)
: 使服务器监听指定的地址和端口。void close()
: 关闭服务器,停止监听连接。QList<QWebSocket *> clients() const
: 返回当前连接到服务器的所有客户端列表。bool hasPendingConnections() const
: 检查是否有等待接受的连接。QWebSocket *nextPendingConnection()
: 接受一个等待中的连接,并返回一个新的QWebSocket
对象来表示该连接。QString serverName() const
: 返回服务器的名称。QWebSocketServer::WebSocketServerState state() const
: 返回服务器的当前状态(如监听中、关闭等)。
3、重要信号
QWebSocketServer
类的重要信号包括:
- **
newConnection()
:**当有新的客户端连接请求时发出。 - acceptError(QAbstractSocket::SocketErrors socketError):当连接出现错误时发出信号。
- serverError(0WebSocketProtocol::CloseCode closeCode):当服务器发生错误时发出信号。
4、常用枚举类型
以下是 QWebSocketServer类中一些常用的枚举类型及其简要介绍:
QWebSocketServer::SslMode: SSL 模式。
- SslMode::NonSecureMode:不支持SSL/TLS
- SslMode::SecureMode:支持SSL/TLS
5、实现 SSL/TLS 加密
QWebSocketServer 支持 SSL/TLS 加密以提供安全的WebSocket 连接。为了实现SSL/TLS,您需要配置合适的证书和密钥:
QWebSocketServer server("Secure WebSocket Server", QWebSocketServer::SecureMode);
QSslConfiguration sslConfiguration;
sslConfiguration.setLocalCertificate(QStringLiteral("server.crt"));
sslConfiguration.setPrivateKey(QStringLiteral("server.key"));
server.setSslConfiguration(sslConfiguration);
if (server.listen(QHostAddress::Any, 1234)) {
qDebug() << "Secure WebSocket server listening on port 1234.";
}
//.h
class MyWebSocketClient : public QObject {
Q_OBJECT
public:
MyWebSocketClient(QObject *parent = nullptr) : QObject(parent), m_pWebSocket(nullptr) {
m_pWebSocket = new QWebSocket();
// 连接服务器
QUrl serverUrl("ws://localhost:12345"); // 替换为实际的服务器URL
m_pWebSocket->open(serverUrl);
// 连接信号和槽
connect(m_pWebSocket, &QWebSocket::connected, this, &MyWebSocketClient::onConnected);
connect(m_pWebSocket, &QWebSocket::disconnected, this, &MyWebSocketClient::onDisconnected);
connect(m_pWebSocket, QOverload<QAbstractSocket::SocketError>::of(&QWebSocket::error), this, &MyWebSocketClient::onError);
connect(m_pWebSocket, &QWebSocket::textMessageReceived, this, &MyWebSocketClient::onTextMessageReceived);
}
~MyWebSocketClient() {
m_pWebSocket->close();
}
private slots:
void onConnected() {
qDebug() << "Connected to WebSocket server";
// 发送消息给服务器
QString message = "Hello, WebSocket server!";
m_pWebSocket->sendTextMessage(message);
}
void onDisconnected() {
qDebug() << "Disconnected from WebSocket server";
}
void onError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError error) {
qDebug() << "WebSocket error:" << error;
}
void onTextMessageReceived(QString message) {
qDebug() << "Received message from WebSocket server:" << message;
}
private:
QWebSocket *m_pWebSocket;
};
class WebSocketServer : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit WebSocketServer(quint16 port=12345, QObject *parent = nullptr);
~WebSocketServer();
private slots:
void onNewConnection();
void onTextMessageReceived(const QString &message);
void onDisconnected();
private:
QWebSocketServer *m_server;
QList<QWebSocket *> m_clients;
};
/************************************/
//.cpp
WebSocketServer::WebSocketServer(quint16 port, QObject *parent)
: QObject(parent),
m_server(new QWebSocketServer(QStringLiteral("WebSocket Server"), QWebSocketServer::NonSecureMode, this))
{
if (m_server->listen(QHostAddress::Any, port)) {
qDebug() << "WebSocket server listening on port" << port;
connect(m_server, &QWebSocketServer::newConnection, this, &WebSocketServer::onNewConnection);
} else {
qDebug() << "Error: Unable to start the WebSocket server:" << m_server->errorString();
}
}
WebSocketServer::~WebSocketServer()
{
m_server->close();
qDeleteAll(m_clients.begin(), m_clients.end());
}
void WebSocketServer::onNewConnection()
{
QWebSocket *client = m_server->nextPendingConnection();
connect(client, &QWebSocket::textMessageReceived, this, &WebSocketServer::onTextMessageReceived);
connect(client, &QWebSocket::disconnected, this, &WebSocketServer::onDisconnected);
m_clients << client;
qDebug() << "New client connected.";
}
void WebSocketServer::onTextMessageReceived(const QString &message)
{
QWebSocket *client = qobject_cast<QWebSocket *>(sender());
qDebug() << "Message received:" << message;
client->sendTextMessage("Echo: " + message);
}
void WebSocketServer::onDisconnected()
{
QWebSocket *client = qobject_cast<QWebSocket *>(sender());
if (client) {
m_clients.removeAll(client);
client->deleteLater();
qDebug() << "Client disconnected.";
}
}
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