《计算机组成及汇编语言原理》学习第 2 天，p9-p27 总结，总计 19 页。
一、技术总结
1.quantum physics(量子物理学)
(1)quantum(量子)
quantum的本意是：c. the smallest amount of sth(量子)。
In physics, a quantum is the minimum amount of any physical entity (physical property) involved in an interaction(在物理学中，量子（quantum）是参与基本相互作用的任何物理实体（物理性质）的最小量)。
2.how transitors work
从中能感受到作者拥有把一个复杂的东西进行简单介绍的功力。
3.Boolean logic
(1)-ean vs -ian
p12, The conventional way of performing logic on bit quantities is called Boolean logic, after the nineteenth-century mathematician George Boole。
以前我经常纠结于到底是boole logic 还是 boolean logic。查了一下，概括起来就是：人名±ean/-ian表示形容词。至于加-ean还是 -ian取决于历史原因（词源的发展）。示例：
-ean示例：Boolean ligic(布尔逻辑)，Euclidean geometry(欧几里德几何)。
-ian示例：Newtonian physics(牛顿物理学)， Darwinian theory(达尔文学说/达尔文进化论)。
(2)boolean logic
AND, OR, NOT。
4.machine language(machine code)
(1)定义
The binary encoding of the basic instructions of a computer program. This is not typically written by humans, but by other programs such as compilers or assemblers。
(2)示例
10111000 00000001
之前每次看到 machine language 和 machine code 我就犯糊涂：这两个概念是指同一个东西吗？现在确认了，指的是同一个东西。
二、英语总结(生词：6)
1.quantum
(1)quantum:
c. the smallest amount of sth(量子)。
(2)quanta: quantum 的复数形式。
p10, The fundamental idea involves some fairly high-powered (well, yes, Nobel-caliber) quantum physics, but it can be understood in terms of electron transport, as long as you don't need the actual equations.
2.caliber
u.the degree of quanlity or ability；the level of quanlity or ability(级别)，强调 quanlity(质量)与excellence(卓越性) in standard(在标准上)。示例：Nobel-caliber(诺贝尔级别)。
3.as long as
provided that or on the condition that。以前记中文老是记不住这类短语的用法，现在从英文理解，感觉一下子就通畅记住了。
4.uneasy
adj. unstable。
p9, A transistor consists mostly of a type of material called a semiconductor, which occupies an uneasy middle ground between good conductors (like copper) and bad conductors/good insulators (like glass).
5.dramatically
adv. in a very sudden or noticable way。
p11, A key aspect of semiconductors is that their ability to transmit electricity can change dramatically with impurities (dopants) in the semiconductor.
6.diode
(1)diode: di-("twice") + hodos("way, path")
c. a device that controls an electric current so that it can only flow in one direction(二极管)。
p11, When you put a piece of n-type next to a piece of p-type semiconductor (the resulting widget is called a diode)
三、其它
这本书有一个 Glossary(术语) 章节，该章节对书中重要的概念进行下定义，这点让我很满意。示例：word(The basic unit of data processing in a machine, formally the size of the general-purpose registers. As of this writing (2006), 32-bit words are typical of most commercially available computers)。
四、参考资料
1. 编程
(1) Patrick Juola，《计算机组成及汇编语言原理》：https://book.douban.com/subject/3069889/
2. 英语
(1) Etymology Dictionary：https://www.etymonline.com
(2) Cambridge Dictionary：https://dictionary.cambridge.org
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