《开启微服务之旅：Spring Boot 从入门到实践》（三）

Yvemil72024-12-23 17:59
    1. 自动配置原理

配置文件到底能写什么？怎么写？自动配置原理；

++++https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.9.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#common-application-properties++++

      1. 自动配置原理

  2. SpringBoot启动的时候加载主配置类，开启了自动配置功能 @EnableAutoConfiguration

  3. @EnableAutoConfiguration 作用：

  4. 利用EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector给容器中导入一些组件？

  5. 可以查看selectImports()方法的内容；

  6. List configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);获取候选的配置

|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames() 扫描所有jar包类路径下 META‐INF/spring.factories 把扫描到的这些文件的内容包装成properties对象 从properties中获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class类（类名）对应的值，然后把他们添加在容器中 |

将 类路径下 META-INF/spring.factories 里面配置的所有EnableAutoConfiguration的值加入到了容器中；

|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| # Auto Configure org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration, \ o rg.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration ,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration ,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration ,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfi guration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration, \ o rg.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.ReactorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.OAuth2AutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.SocialWebAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.FacebookAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.LinkedInAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.TwitterAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguratio |

每一个这样的 xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件，都加入到容器中；用他们来做自动配置；

  1. 每一个自动配置类进行自动配置功能；

  2. 以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration（Http编码自动配置）为例解释自动配置原理；

|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| @Configuration //表示这是一个配置类，以前编写的配置文件一样，也可以给容器中添加组件 @EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpEncodingProperties.class) //启动指定类的ConfigurationProperties功能；将配置文件中对应的值和HttpEncodingProperties绑定起来；并把 HttpEncodingProperties加入到ioc容器中 @ConditionalOnWebApplication //Spring底层@Conditional注解（Spring注解版），根据不同的条件，如果满足指定的条件，整个配置类里面的配置就会生效； 判断当前应用是否是web应用，如果是，当前配置类生效 @ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判断当前项目有没有这个类CharacterEncodingFilter；SpringMVC中进行乱码解决的过滤器； @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing =true) //判断配置文件中是否存在某个配置 spring.http.encoding.enabled；如果不存在，判断也是成立的//即使我们配置文件中不配置pring.http.encoding.enabled=true，也是默认生效的； public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration { //他已经和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了 private final HttpEncodingProperties properties; //只有一个有参构造器的情况下，参数的值就会从容器中拿 public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpEncodingProperties properties) { this.properties = properties; } @Bean //给容器中添加一个组件，这个组件的某些值需要从properties中获取 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判断容器没有这个组件？ public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() { CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter(); filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name()); filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST)); filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE)); return filter; } |

根据当前不同的条件判断，决定这个配置类是否生效？

一但这个配置类生效；这个配置类就会给容器中添加各种组件；这些组件的属性是从对应的properties类中获取的，这些类里面的每一个属性又是和配置文件绑定的；

  1. 所有在配置文件中能配置的属性都是在xxxxProperties类中封装者'；配置文件能配置什么就可以参照某个功能对应的这个属性类

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http.encoding") //从配置文件中获取指定的值和bean的属性进行绑定 public class HttpEncodingProperties { public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF‐8"); |

精髓：

1）、SpringBoot启动会加载大量的自动配置类

2）、我们要看我们需要的功能有没有SpringBoot默认写好的自动配置类；

3）、我们再来看这个自动配置类中到底配置了哪些组件；（只要我们要用的组件有，我们就不需要再来配置了）

4）、给容器中自动配置类添加组件的时候，会从properties类中获取某些属性。我们就可以在配置文件中指定这些属性的值；

xxxxAutoConfigurartion：自动配置类；

给容器中添加组件

      1. 细节
  2. @Conditional派生注解（Spring注解版原生的@Conditional作用）

作用：必须是@Conditional指定的条件成立，才给容器中添加组件，配置里面的所有内容才生效；

|---------------------------------|--------------------------------|
| @Conditional扩展注解 | 作用（判断是否满足当前指定条件） |
| @ConditionalOnJava | 系统的java版本是否符合要求 |
| @ConditionalOnBean | 容器中存在指定Bean； |
| @ConditionalOnMissingBean | 容器中不存在指定Bean； |
| @ConditionalOnExpression | 满足SpEL表达式指定 |
| @ConditionalOnClass | 系统中有指定的类 |
| @ConditionalOnMissingClass | 系统中没有指定的类 |
| @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate | 容器中只有一个指定的Bean，或者这个Bean是首选Bean |
| @ConditionalOnProperty | 系统中指定的属性是否有指定的值 |
| @ConditionalOnResource | 类路径下是否存在指定资源文件 |
| @ConditionalOnWebApplication | 当前是web环境 |
| @ConditionalOnNotWebApplication | 当前不是web环境 |
| @ConditionalOnJndi | JNDI存在指定项 |

自动配置类必须在一定的条件下才能生效；

我们怎么知道哪些自动配置类生效；

我们可以通过启用 debug=true属性；来让控制台打印自动配置报告，这样我们就可以很方便的知道哪些自动配置

类生效；

|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| ======================== AUTO‐CONFIGURATION REPORT ========================= Positive matches:（自动配置类启用的） ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration matched: ‐ @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet'; @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class (OnClassCondition) ‐ @ConditionalOnWebApplication (required) found StandardServletEnvironment (OnWebApplicationCondition) Negative matches:（没有启动，没有匹配成功的自动配置类） ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ActiveMQAutoConfiguration: Did not match: ‐ @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory', 'org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition) AopAutoConfiguration: Did not match: ‐ @ConditionalOnClass did not find required classes 'org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect', 'org.aspectj.lang.reflect.Advice' (OnClassCondition) |

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