SpringMVC环境搭建

文章目录

- 1.模块创建
- - - 1.创建一个webapp的maven项目
    - 2.目录结构
- 2.代码
- - - 1.HomeController.java
    - 2.home.jsp
    - [3.applicationContext.xml Spring配置文件](#3.applicationContext.xml Spring配置文件)
    - [4.spring-mvc.xml SpringMVC配置文件](#4.spring-mvc.xml SpringMVC配置文件)
    - [5.web.xml 配置中央控制器以及Spring和SpringMVC配置文件的路径](#5.web.xml 配置中央控制器以及Spring和SpringMVC配置文件的路径)
    - 6.index.jsp
- 3.配置Tomcat
- - - 1.配置路径以及热加载
    - 2.配置war包以及上下文路径为/
    - 3.启动
    - - 1.首页
      - [2.访问 /home](#2.访问 /home)
- 4.初始化基本流程解析

1.模块创建

1.创建一个webapp的maven项目

2.目录结构

2.代码

1.HomeController.java

java 复制代码

package com.example.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * Description:
 *
 * @Author sun
 * @Create 2025/2/10 12:23
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Controller
public class HomeController {

    @RequestMapping("/home")
    public String home(Model model) {
        System.out.println("SpringMVC 执行了 home() 方法");
        model.addAttribute("message", "Hello, SpringMVC!");
        return "home"; // 返回 home.jsp
    }
}

2.home.jsp

java 复制代码

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>SpringMVC Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>${message}</h2>
</body>
</html>

3.applicationContext.xml Spring配置文件

xml 复制代码

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描 Service 组件 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.service"/>

</beans>

4.spring-mvc.xml SpringMVC配置文件

xml 复制代码

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 启用Spring MVC注解 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!-- 扫描 Controller 层 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.controller"/>

    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

5.web.xml 配置中央控制器以及Spring和SpringMVC配置文件的路径

xml 复制代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
  <!-- 配置Spring MVC的DispatcherServlet -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!-- 配置Spring的ContextLoaderListener（用于加载根上下文） -->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
</web-app>

6.index.jsp

java 复制代码

<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
</body>
</html>

3.配置Tomcat

1.配置路径以及热加载

2.配置war包以及上下文路径为/

3.启动

1.首页

2.访问 /home

4.初始化基本流程解析

Tomcat启动，读取web.xml，装载中央控制器以及获取Spring以及SpringMVC的配置文件路径
由于中央控制器配置了load-on-startup所以会调用中央控制器的init方法完成Spring以及SpringMVC容器的初始化