In Greenplum, the redistribution of the sales
table based on the cust_id
column involves several steps to ensure that the data is efficiently moved and processed across the segments. Here's a detailed breakdown of how this redistribution is implemented:
Redistribution Process
-
Query Parsing and Planning:
- The query dispatcher (QD) on the master node parses the query and generates the query plan. This plan includes the redistribution step necessary to join the
sales
andcustomer
tables.
- The query dispatcher (QD) on the master node parses the query and generates the query plan. This plan includes the redistribution step necessary to join the
-
Redistribute Motion Operator:
- The query plan includes a Redistribute Motion operator. This operator is responsible for redistributing the
sales
table across the segments based on thecust_id
column.
- The query plan includes a Redistribute Motion operator. This operator is responsible for redistributing the
-
Data Redistribution:
-
Each segment reads its local portion of the
sales
table. -
The Redistribute Motion operator redistributes the rows of the
sales
table to other segments based on the hash value of thecust_id
column. This ensures that rows with the samecust_id
are sent to the same segment.
-
-
Execution of Redistribute Motion:
-
The redistribution process involves the following steps:
-
Hash Calculation : Each segment calculates the hash value of the
cust_id
for each row in thesales
table. -
Data Transfer: Rows are sent to the appropriate segments based on the calculated hash values. This is done in parallel across all segments to maximize efficiency.
-
-
-
Local Join Execution:
- After redistribution, each segment performs a local join between the redistributed
sales
data and its localcustomer
data. This ensures that the join operation is performed efficiently without the need for further data movement.
- After redistribution, each segment performs a local join between the redistributed
Example Query Plan
Here's an example of what the query plan might look like for the given query:
Gather Motion 4:1 (slice1; segments: 4)
-> Hash Join
Hash Cond: (s.cust_id = c.cust_id)
-> Redistribute Motion 4:4 (slice2; segments: 4)
Hash Key: s.cust_id
-> Seq Scan on sales s
-> Seq Scan on customer c
Detailed Steps in Redistribution
-
Initial Scan:
- Each segment performs a sequential scan on its local portion of the
sales
table.
- Each segment performs a sequential scan on its local portion of the
-
Redistribution:
-
The Redistribute Motion operator redistributes the rows of the
sales
table across all segments based on thecust_id
column. This involves:-
Calculating the hash value of
cust_id
. -
Sending rows to the appropriate segments based on the hash value.
-
-
-
Local Join:
- After redistribution, each segment performs a local join between the redistributed
sales
data and its localcustomer
data.
- After redistribution, each segment performs a local join between the redistributed
-
Gathering Results:
- The results from each segment are gathered back to the master node using a Gather Motion operator. The master node combines the results from all segments to produce the final query result.
Conclusion
The redistribution of the sales
table in Greenplum is a critical step in ensuring efficient join operations across distributed data. By redistributing data based on the join key (cust_id
), Greenplum leverages its MPP architecture to perform local joins on each segment, thereby maximizing parallel processing and minimizing data movement.