区块链交易 - 技术栈

文章目录

- 交易
- 准备
- 合约和代码逻辑
- 运行

交易

项目来自https://github.com/Dapp-Learning-DAO/Dapp-Learning/blob/main/basic/02-web3js-transaction/README-cn.md

本项目包含对交易进行签名，发送，接收交易回执，验证交易执行结果。也提供了事件监听的逻辑代码。

准备

需要安装web3.js

其他和上一个项目环境一样，需要准备私钥和项目id。参考上一篇。

合约和代码逻辑

合约

java 复制代码

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract Incrementer {
    uint256 public number;

    event Increment(uint256 value);
    event Reset();

    constructor(uint256 _initialNumber) {
        number = _initialNumber;
    }

    function increment(uint256 _value) public {
        require(_value > 0, "increment value should be positive number");
        number = number + _value;
        emit Increment(_value);
    }

    function reset() public {
        number = 0;
        emit Reset();
    }

    function getNumber() public view returns (uint256) {
        return number;
    }
}

compile.js

java 复制代码

const fs = require('fs');
const solc = require('solc');

// 以 utf8 方式加载合约
const source = fs.readFileSync('Incrementer.sol', 'utf8');

// 编译合约
const input = {
  language: 'Solidity',
  sources: {
    'Incrementer.sol': {
      content: source,
    },
  },
  settings: {
    outputSelection: {
      '*': {
        '*': ['*'],
      },
    },
  },
};

const tempFile = JSON.parse(solc.compile(JSON.stringify(input)));
const contractOfIncrementer =
  tempFile.contracts['Incrementer.sol']['Incrementer'];

// 导出合约数据，可以使用 console 打印 contractFile 中的具体内容信息
module.exports = contractOfIncrementer;

index.js

java 复制代码

const Web3 = require('web3');
const fs = require('fs');
const contractOfIncrementer = require('./compile');

require('dotenv').config();
const privatekey = process.env.PRIVATE_KEY;

function sleep(ms) {
  return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
}

/*
   -- Define Provider --
*/
// Provider
const providerRPC = {
  development: 'https://sepolia.infura.io/v3/' + process.env.INFURA_ID,
  moonbase: 'https://rpc.testnet.moonbeam.network',
};
const web3 = new Web3(providerRPC.development); //Change to correct network

// Create account with privatekey
const account = web3.eth.accounts.privateKeyToAccount(privatekey);
const account_from = {
  privateKey: privatekey,
  accountAddress: account.address,
};

// Get abi & bin
const bytecode = contractOfIncrementer.evm.bytecode.object;
const abi = contractOfIncrementer.abi;

/*
*
*
*   -- Verify Deployment --
*

*/
const Trans = async () => {
  console.log('============================ 1. Deploy Contract');
  console.log(`Attempting to deploy from account ${account.address}`);

  // Create Contract Instance
  const deployContract = new web3.eth.Contract(abi);

  // Create Deployment Tx
  const deployTx = deployContract.deploy({
    data: bytecode,
    arguments: [5],
  });
  
  // Sign Tx
  const createTransaction = await web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction(
    {
      data: deployTx.encodeABI(),
      gas: 8000000,
    },
    account_from.privateKey
  );

  // Get Transaction Receipt
  const createReceipt = await web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction(
    createTransaction.rawTransaction
  );
  console.log(`Contract deployed at address: ${createReceipt.contractAddress}`);

  const deployedBlockNumber = createReceipt.blockNumber;

  /*
   *
   *
   *
   * -- Verify Interface of Increment --
   *
   *
   */
  // Create the contract with contract address
  console.log();
  console.log(
    '============================ 2. Call Contract Interface getNumber'
  );
  let incrementer = new web3.eth.Contract(abi, createReceipt.contractAddress);

  console.log(
    `Making a call to contract at address: ${createReceipt.contractAddress}`
  );

  let number = await incrementer.methods.getNumber().call();
  console.log(`The current number stored is: ${number}`);

  // Add 3 to Contract Public Variable
  console.log();
  console.log(
    '============================ 3. Call Contract Interface increment'
  );
  const _value = 3;
  let incrementTx = incrementer.methods.increment(_value);

  // Sign with Pk
  let incrementTransaction = await web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction(
    {
      to: createReceipt.contractAddress,
      data: incrementTx.encodeABI(),
      gas: 8000000,
    },
    account_from.privateKey
  );

  // Send Transactoin and Get TransactionHash
  const incrementReceipt = await web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction(
    incrementTransaction.rawTransaction
  );
  console.log(`Tx successful with hash: ${incrementReceipt.transactionHash}`);

  number = await incrementer.methods.getNumber().call();
  console.log(`After increment, the current number stored is: ${number}`);

  /*
   *
   *
   *
   * -- Verify Interface of Reset --
   *
   *
   */
  console.log();
  console.log('============================ 4. Call Contract Interface reset');
  const resetTx = incrementer.methods.reset();

  const resetTransaction = await web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction(
    {
      to: createReceipt.contractAddress,
      data: resetTx.encodeABI(),
      gas: 8000000,
    },
    account_from.privateKey
  );

  const resetcReceipt = await web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction(
    resetTransaction.rawTransaction
  );
  console.log(`Tx successful with hash: ${resetcReceipt.transactionHash}`);
  number = await incrementer.methods.getNumber().call();
  console.log(`After reset, the current number stored is: ${number}`);

  /*
   *
   *
   *
   * -- Listen to Event Increment --
   *
   *
   */
  console.log();
  console.log('============================ 5. Listen to Events');
  console.log(' Listen to Increment Event only once && continuouslly');

  // sepolia don't support http protocol to event listen, need to use websocket
  // more details , please refer to  https://medium.com/blockcentric/listening-for-smart-contract-events-on-public-blockchains-fdb5a8ac8b9a
  const web3Socket = new Web3(
      'wss://sepolia.infura.io/ws/v3/' + process.env.INFURA_ID
  );

  // listen to  Increment event only once
  incrementer.once('Increment', (error, event) => {
    console.log('I am a onetime event listner, I am going to die now');
  });

  // listen to Increment event continuously
  web3Socket.eth.subscribe('logs',{
    address: createReceipt.contractAddress,
    topics: []
  },(error,result) => {
    if(error){
      console.error(error)
    }
  }
  ).on("data", (event) => {
      console.log("New event: ", event);
    })
    .on("error", (error) => {
      console.error("Error: ", error);
    });

  for (let step = 0; step < 3; step++) {
    incrementTransaction = await web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction(
      {
        to: createReceipt.contractAddress,
        data: incrementTx.encodeABI(),
        gas: 8000000,
      },
      account_from.privateKey
    );

    await web3.eth.sendSignedTransaction(incrementTransaction.rawTransaction);

    console.log("Waiting for events")
    await sleep(3000);
    
    if (step == 2) {
      // clear all the listeners
      web3Socket.eth.clearSubscriptions();
      console.log('Clearing all the events listeners !!!!');
    }
  }

  /*
   *
   *
   *
   * -- Get past events --
   *
   *
   */
  console.log();
  console.log('============================ 6. Going to get past events');
  const pastEvents = await incrementer.getPastEvents('Increment', {
    fromBlock: deployedBlockNumber,
    toBlock: 'latest',
  });

  pastEvents.map((event) => {
    console.log(event);
  });

  /*
   *
   *
   *
   * -- Check Transaction Error --
   *
   *
   */
  console.log();
  console.log('============================ 7. Check the transaction error');
  incrementTx = incrementer.methods.increment(0);
  incrementTransaction = await web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction(
    {
      to: createReceipt.contractAddress,
      data: incrementTx.encodeABI(),
      gas: 8000000,
    },
    account_from.privateKey
  );

  await web3.eth
    .sendSignedTransaction(incrementTransaction.rawTransaction)
    .on('error', console.error);
};

Trans()
  .then(() => process.exit(0))
  .catch((error) => {
    console.error(error);
    process.exit(1);
  });

运行

java 复制代码

============================ 1. Deploy Contract
Attempting to deploy from account 0x953bAac08Cad29A4E354F0833c404Ed528775B68
Contract deployed at address: 0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369

============================ 2. Call Contract Interface getNumber
Making a call to contract at address: 0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369
The current number stored is: 5

============================ 3. Call Contract Interface increment
Tx successful with hash: 0xf9121315472943c6c316c600072798813317563ee3994cfc2334ba20a453a4a1
After increment, the current number stored is: 8

============================ 4. Call Contract Interface reset
Tx successful with hash: 0xda76d0a839a40acfb654a37b7afe133c44cd81873f91d51ddfcff2b6052c2e0b
After reset, the current number stored is: 0

============================ 5. Listen to Events
 Listen to Increment Event only once && continuouslly
I am a onetime event listner, I am going to die now
New event:  {
  address: '0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369',
  blockHash: '0x9e8d04cff3f2236eed7bf662036657963cf7475b0e350f77a396e89a4935de2c',
  blockNumber: 7947790,
  data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003',
  logIndex: 353,
  removed: false,
  topics: [
    '0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81'
  ],
  transactionHash: '0xdc7dfda876800b365e70374b8f8f9f39d8603bebe89f961109f65229b93524d6',
  transactionIndex: 189,
  id: 'log_7432a4a4'
}
Waiting for events
New event:  {
  address: '0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369',
  blockHash: '0x9ec619f890cdd8e0ab6a3e0bae4846351f81f6b81125fddd444c8e7a2598d970',
  blockNumber: 7947792,
  data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003',
  logIndex: 343,
  removed: false,
  topics: [
    '0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81'
  ],
  transactionHash: '0x4956140582e6e0d62885e0646ad0642b6ae060fd4658d0374cd555799fa3a843',
  transactionIndex: 181,
  id: 'log_a193869e'
}
Waiting for events
New event:  {
  address: '0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369',
  blockHash: '0xd8967836b9d85763611be4489042896b149b45b82f3404d530ad60a2cb8ca378',
  blockNumber: 7947793,
  blockTimestamp: '0x67dd0eb8',
  data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003',
  logIndex: 248,
  removed: false,
  topics: [
    '0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81'
  ],
  transactionHash: '0x35163a22db0cffeeab3e2c4f6ca6f6a3f5e622982514ea98a6f99b3abc0e5d74',
  transactionIndex: 169,
  id: 'log_97159c2a'
}
Waiting for events
Clearing all the events listeners !!!!

============================ 6. Going to get past events
{
  removed: false,
  logIndex: 413,
  transactionIndex: 214,
  transactionHash: '0xf9121315472943c6c316c600072798813317563ee3994cfc2334ba20a453a4a1',
  blockHash: '0xdc82eb994a9884606ad817309a509f923aa4c9eb1444e1fdf0531f29919d67ca',
  blockNumber: 7947788,
  address: '0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369',
  id: 'log_95b8ba97',
  returnValues: Result { '0': '3', value: '3' },
  event: 'Increment',
  signature: '0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81',
  raw: {
    data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003',
    topics: [
      '0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81'
    ]
  }
}
{
  removed: false,
  logIndex: 353,
  transactionIndex: 189,
  transactionHash: '0xdc7dfda876800b365e70374b8f8f9f39d8603bebe89f961109f65229b93524d6',
  blockHash: '0x9e8d04cff3f2236eed7bf662036657963cf7475b0e350f77a396e89a4935de2c',
  blockNumber: 7947790,
  address: '0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369',
  id: 'log_7432a4a4',
  returnValues: Result { '0': '3', value: '3' },
  event: 'Increment',
  signature: '0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81',
  raw: {
    data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003',
    topics: [
      '0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81'
    ]
  }
}
{
  removed: false,
  logIndex: 343,
  transactionIndex: 181,
  transactionHash: '0x4956140582e6e0d62885e0646ad0642b6ae060fd4658d0374cd555799fa3a843',
  blockHash: '0x9ec619f890cdd8e0ab6a3e0bae4846351f81f6b81125fddd444c8e7a2598d970',
  blockNumber: 7947792,
  address: '0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369',
  id: 'log_a193869e',
  returnValues: Result { '0': '3', value: '3' },
  event: 'Increment',
  signature: '0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81',
  raw: {
    data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003',
    topics: [
      '0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81'
    ]
  }
}
{
  removed: false,
  logIndex: 248,
  transactionIndex: 169,
  transactionHash: '0x35163a22db0cffeeab3e2c4f6ca6f6a3f5e622982514ea98a6f99b3abc0e5d74',
  blockHash: '0xd8967836b9d85763611be4489042896b149b45b82f3404d530ad60a2cb8ca378',
  blockNumber: 7947793,
  address: '0xadD95f6bD6A0Fbd1423Bde9272dB999946A09369',
  id: 'log_97159c2a',
  returnValues: Result { '0': '3', value: '3' },
  event: 'Increment',
  signature: '0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81',
  raw: {
    data: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003',
    topics: [
      '0x51af157c2eee40f68107a47a49c32fbbeb0a3c9e5cd37aa56e88e6be92368a81'
    ]
  }
}

============================ 7. Check the transaction error
Error: Transaction has been reverted by the EVM:
{
  "blockHash": "0x676c1930d40386e4011ae277099d0b0113fc9cddaff445c1ea529445f1a15d5f",
  "blockNumber": 7947794,
  "contractAddress": null,
  "cumulativeGasUsed": 20244362,
  "effectiveGasPrice": 7643386,
  "from": "0x953baac08cad29a4e354f0833c404ed528775b68",
  "gasUsed": 21875,
  "logs": [],
  "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "status": false,
  "to": "0xadd95f6bd6a0fbd1423bde9272db999946a09369",
  "transactionHash": "0x655d2b7ce84608cec8bbc09b6092bf1aa1cf9199496152e953517e51775be7ca",
  "transactionIndex": 143,
  "type": "0x0"
}
    at Object.TransactionError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:90:21)  
    at Object.TransactionRevertedWithoutReasonError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:101:21)
    at C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-method\lib\index.js:396:57
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5) {
  receipt: {
    blockHash: '0x676c1930d40386e4011ae277099d0b0113fc9cddaff445c1ea529445f1a15d5f',
    blockNumber: 7947794,
    contractAddress: null,
    cumulativeGasUsed: 20244362,
    effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,
============================ 7. Check the transaction error
Error: Transaction has been reverted by the EVM:
{
  "blockHash": "0x676c1930d40386e4011ae277099d0b0113fc9cddaff445c1ea529445f1a15d5f",
  "blockNumber": 7947794,
  "contractAddress": null,
  "cumulativeGasUsed": 20244362,
  "effectiveGasPrice": 7643386,
  "from": "0x953baac08cad29a4e354f0833c404ed528775b68",
  "gasUsed": 21875,
  "logs": [],
  "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "status": false,
  "to": "0xadd95f6bd6a0fbd1423bde9272db999946a09369",
  "transactionHash": "0x655d2b7ce84608cec8bbc09b6092bf1aa1cf9199496152e953517e51775be7ca",
  "transactionIndex": 143,
  "type": "0x0"
}
    at Object.TransactionError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:90:21)  
    at Object.TransactionRevertedWithoutReasonError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:101:21)
    at C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-method\lib\index.js:396:57
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5) {
  receipt: {
    blockHash: '0x676c1930d40386e4011ae277099d0b0113fc9cddaff445c1ea529445f1a15d5f',
    blockNumber: 7947794,
    contractAddress: null,
    cumulativeGasUsed: 20244362,
    effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,
  "from": "0x953baac08cad29a4e354f0833c404ed528775b68",
  "gasUsed": 21875,
  "logs": [],
  "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "status": false,
  "to": "0xadd95f6bd6a0fbd1423bde9272db999946a09369",
  "transactionHash": "0x655d2b7ce84608cec8bbc09b6092bf1aa1cf9199496152e953517e51775be7ca",
  "transactionIndex": 143,
  "type": "0x0"
}
    at Object.TransactionError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:90:21)  
    at Object.TransactionRevertedWithoutReasonError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:101:21)
    at C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-method\lib\index.js:396:57
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5) {
  receipt: {
    blockHash: '0x676c1930d40386e4011ae277099d0b0113fc9cddaff445c1ea529445f1a15d5f',
    blockNumber: 7947794,
    contractAddress: null,
    cumulativeGasUsed: 20244362,
    effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,
  "type": "0x0"
}
    at Object.TransactionError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:90:21)  
    at Object.TransactionRevertedWithoutReasonError (C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-helpers\lib\errors.js:101:21)
    at C:\Users\26643\Downloads\Dapp-Learning-main\Dapp-Learning-main\basic\02-web3js-transaction\node_modules\web3-core-method\lib\index.js:396:57
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5) {
  receipt: {
    blockHash: '0x676c1930d40386e4011ae277099d0b0113fc9cddaff445c1ea529445f1a15d5f',
    blockNumber: 7947794,
    contractAddress: null,
    cumulativeGasUsed: 20244362,
    effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5) {
  receipt: {
    blockHash: '0x676c1930d40386e4011ae277099d0b0113fc9cddaff445c1ea529445f1a15d5f',
    blockNumber: 7947794,
    contractAddress: null,
    cumulativeGasUsed: 20244362,
    effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,
    blockNumber: 7947794,
    contractAddress: null,
    cumulativeGasUsed: 20244362,
    effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,
    cumulativeGasUsed: 20244362,
    effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,
    effectiveGasPrice: 7643386,
    from: '0x953baac08cad29a4e354f0833c404ed528775b68',
    gasUsed: 21875,
    logs: [],
    logs: [],
    logsBloom: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000    logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
00',
    status: false,
    status: false,
    to: '0xadd95f6bd6a0fbd1423bde9272db999946a09369',
    transactionHash: '0x655d2b7ce84608cec8bbc09b6092bf1aa1cf9199496152e953517e51775be7ca',
    transactionIndex: 143,
    type: '0x0'
  }
}