创建硬盘并挂载到EC2上,后查询如下
bash
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
nvme0n1 259:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 40G 0 part /
├─nvme0n1p127 259:2 0 1M 0 part
└─nvme0n1p128 259:3 0 10M 0 part /boot/efi
nvme1n1 259:4 0 15G 0 disk
nvme2n1 259:5 0 15G 0 disk
nvme3n1 259:6 0 15G 0 disk
nvme4n1 259:7 0 15G 0 disk
nvme5n1 259:8 0 15G 0 disk
nvme6n1 259:9 0 15G 0 disk
nvme7n1 259:10 0 15G 0 disk
nvme8n1 259:11 0 15G 0 disk安装 mdadm 工具
yaml
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 ~]# yum update -y
......
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
[root@ip-172-31-26-146 ~]# yum install mdadm -y
......
Installed:
mdadm-4.2-3.amzn2023.0.5.x86_64
Complete!创建 RAID 0 阵列
bash
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-devices=8 /dev/nvme1n1 /dev/nvme2n1 /dev/nvme3n1 /dev/nvme4n1 /dev/nvme5n1 /dev/nvme6n1 /dev/nvme7n1 /dev/nvme8n1
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-devices=8 /dev/nvme1n1 /dev/nvme2n1 /dev/nvme3n1 /dev/nvme4n1 /dev/nvme5n1 /dev/nvme6n1 /dev/nvme7n1 /dev/nvme8n1
[1031053.926574] md0: detected capacity change from 0 to 251510784
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.创建过程通常很快。你可以使用 watch cat /proc/mdstat 或 sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0 来查看状态。
bash
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Apr 29 06:19:53 2025
Raid Level : raid0
Array Size : 125755392 (119.93 GiB 128.77 GB)
Raid Devices : 8
Total Devices : 8
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Apr 29 06:19:53 2025
State : clean
Active Devices : 8
Working Devices : 8
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : -unknown-
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : none
Name : 0
UUID : ab7af972:85386ba3:4de7de66:c4efcf91
Events : 0
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 259 4 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 259 5 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 259 6 2 active sync /dev/sdd
3 259 7 3 active sync /dev/sde
4 259 8 4 active sync /dev/sdf
5 259 9 5 active sync /dev/sdg
6 259 10 6 active sync /dev/sdh
7 259 11 7 active sync /dev/sdi在新建的 /dev/md0 设备上创建文件系统。常用的文件系统有 ext4 或 xfs (xfs 通常在大容量卷上表现更好)。
bash
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md0
log stripe unit (524288 bytes) is too large (maximum is 256KiB)
log stripe unit adjusted to 32KiB
meta-data=/dev/md0 isize=512 agcount=16, agsize=1964928 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1 bigtime=1 inobtcount=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=31438848, imaxpct=25
= sunit=128 swidth=1024 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=16384, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0查看文件属性
bash
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
nvme0n1 259:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 40G 0 part /
├─nvme0n1p127 259:2 0 1M 0 part
└─nvme0n1p128 259:3 0 10M 0 part /boot/efi
nvme1n1 259:4 0 15G 0 disk
└─md0 9:0 0 119.9G 0 raid0
nvme2n1 259:5 0 15G 0 disk
└─md0 9:0 0 119.9G 0 raid0
nvme3n1 259:6 0 15G 0 disk
└─md0 9:0 0 119.9G 0 raid0
nvme4n1 259:7 0 15G 0 disk
└─md0 9:0 0 119.9G 0 raid0
nvme5n1 259:8 0 15G 0 disk
└─md0 9:0 0 119.9G 0 raid0
nvme6n1 259:9 0 15G 0 disk
└─md0 9:0 0 119.9G 0 raid0
nvme7n1 259:10 0 15G 0 disk
└─md0 9:0 0 119.9G 0 raid0
nvme8n1 259:11 0 15G 0 disk
└─md0 9:0 0 119.9G 0 raid0 配置自动挂载 (持久化)
更新 mdadm 配置
bash
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 ~]# mdadm --detail --scan | sudo tee -a /etc/mdadm.conf
ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=0 UUID=ab7af972:85386ba3:4de7de66:c4efcf91更新 /etc/fstab
bash
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 ~]# blkid /dev/md0
/dev/md0: UUID="33e3c305-fcc7-472f-b583-ac29e5b998b8" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="xfs"
[root@ip-172-31-26-146 ~]# tail -1 /etc/fstab
UUID=33e3c305-fcc7-472f-b583-ac29e5b998b8 /data/raid0-storge/ xfs defaults,nofail 0 0挂载
bash
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 ~]# mount -a
[1031693.035943] XFS (md0): Mounting V5 Filesystem
[1031693.132845] XFS (md0): Ending clean mount
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.6G 636K 1.6G 1% /run
/dev/nvme0n1p1 40G 5.4G 35G 14% /
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /tmp
/dev/nvme0n1p128 10M 1.3M 8.7M 13% /boot/efi
overlay 40G 5.4G 35G 14% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/84699b7470c48b0c4a1cb8b91b868be21f96c388de173f25df9ac741be7d0d0e/merged
tmpfs 782M 0 782M 0% /run/user/1000
/dev/md0 120G 889M 119G 1% /data/raid0-storge将raid0进行扩容
手动存一些数据
bash
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 data]# du -sh ./*
1.7G ./raid0-storge手动将所有的各个EBS在控制台上扩充10G,达到25G
确定硬盘是否分区并确定raid0八块硬盘是否都在线
bash
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 data]# fdisk -l /dev/nvme1n1
Disk /dev/nvme1n1: 25 GiB, 26843545600 bytes, 52428800 sectors
Disk model: Amazon Elastic Block Store
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes查看raid的详细信息
bash
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 data]# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Apr 29 06:19:53 2025
Raid Level : raid0
Array Size : 125755392 (119.93 GiB 128.77 GB)
Raid Devices : 8
Total Devices : 8
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Apr 29 06:19:53 2025
State : clean
Active Devices : 8
Working Devices : 8
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : -unknown-
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : none
Name : 0
UUID : ab7af972:85386ba3:4de7de66:c4efcf91
Events : 0
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 259 4 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 259 5 1 active sync /dev/sdc
2 259 6 2 active sync /dev/sdd
3 259 7 3 active sync /dev/sde
4 259 8 4 active sync /dev/sdf
5 259 9 5 active sync /dev/sdg
6 259 10 6 active sync /dev/sdh
7 259 11 7 active sync /dev/sdi扩大 RAID0 逻辑卷尺寸
RAID0 是 striping，可以使用 --grow 命令扩展大小：
bash
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 data]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 636K 1.6G 1% /run
/dev/nvme0n1p1 xfs 40G 5.4G 35G 14% /
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /tmp
/dev/nvme0n1p128 vfat 10M 1.3M 8.7M 13% /boot/efi
overlay overlay 40G 5.4G 35G 14% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/84699b7470c48b0c4a1cb8b91b868be21f96c388de173f25df9ac741be7d0d0e/merged
tmpfs tmpfs 782M 0 782M 0% /run/user/1000
/dev/md0 xfs 120G 2.6G 118G 3% /data/raid0-storge
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 data]# xfs_growfs /data/raid0-storge/
meta-data=/dev/md0 isize=512 agcount=16, agsize=1964928 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1 bigtime=1 inobtcount=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=31438848, imaxpct=25
= sunit=128 swidth=1024 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=16384, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0注
本来以为这一步会让 RAID0 把每块磁盘的新空间包含进来。
但最后是不行,最后的结果是不能动态扩充raid0,RAID0不支持在线扩容
此外想考虑新增一块盘来增加
bash
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 data]# wipefs -a /dev/nvme9n1
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 data]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nvme9n1 bs=1M count=100
100+0 records in
100+0 records out
104857600 bytes (105 MB, 100 MiB) copied, 0.21278 s, 493 MB/s
[root@ip-127-0-0-1 data]# mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/nvme5n1
[root@ip-172-31-26-14[1101946.857081] md0: personality does not support diskops!
mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/nvme9n1
mdadm: add new device failed for /dev/nvme9n1 as 4: Invalid argument解析
说明 mdadm --add 向 RAID0 阵列添加新盘 是不被支持的 ------ RAID0 本身就不支持在线添加磁盘进行扩容。
说明
❗为什么 RAID0 无法直接扩容？
RAID0 是条带模式（Striping），它把数据平均分配到所有磁盘上，不做冗余备份。一旦创建完成，RAID0 的结构就定死了 ------ 新盘不能加入已有条带中。
结论
🔴 RAID0 无法使用 mdadm --add 添加新盘扩容。
各个阵列扩容详情
| RAID 类型 | 扩容方法 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| RAID 0 | 不能直接扩容 | 需重建或配合 LVM 使用 |
| RAID 1 | 支持换更大盘再 sync | 可扩容但较繁琐 |
| RAID 5 | 支持添加新盘 | 也可以结合 LVM |
| RAID 10 | 类似 RAID 1，可扩但复杂 | 通常需重建或配合 LVM |