Menu : Windows 菜单控件，该控件可用于按层次组织与命令和事件处理程序关联的元素。
父类：MenuBase - ItemsControl
属性：IsMainMenu 菜单是否接收主菜单激活通知（Alt或F10键)
Menu中的菜单项：MenuItem --菜单中可选择的项
父类：HeaderedItemsControl
MenuItem的属性：HeaderedItemsControl
Icon 项图标
InputGestureText 设置描述输入的笔势（快捷键）
Command 与菜单项关联的命令
Header 菜单项文本
IsChecked 项是否选中
IsSubmenuOpen 子菜单是否处于打开
IsHighlighted 是否突出显示
事件：Click
实现效果
创建数据库及表及添加初始数据
打开数据库，记住自己的服务器名称；
输入下面代码创建数据库及表及添加初始数据
cs
--判断数据库SqlData 是否存在，不存在则创建`
`IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.databases WHERE name = N'SqlData')`
`BEGIN`
`CREATE DATABASE SqlData`
`END`
`--切换到SqlData数据库`
`USE SqlData`
`--DROP TABLE MenuInfos;`
`--创建表`
`CREATE TABLE MenuInfos (`
`MenuId INT IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY,`
`MenuName NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,`
`ParentId INT NULL,`
`MKey NVARCHAR(100) NULL,`
`);`
`--CONSTRAINT FK_ParentMenu FOREIGN KEY (ParentId) REFERENCES MenuItem(MenuId)`
`--添加数据`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('系统管理', 0,'Alt+S');`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('新增菜单', 1,NULL);`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('菜单列表', 1,'Ctrl+M');`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('角色列表', 1,NULL);`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('权限分配', 1,'Ctrl+R');`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('用户列表', 1,NULL);`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('新增用户', 1,NULL);`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('成绩管理', 0,'Alt+T');`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('成绩列表', 8,NULL);`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('成绩信息输入', 8,NULL);`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('学生信息管理', 0,'Alt+D');`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('新增学生', 14,NULL);`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('新增角色', 1,'Alt+Shift+S');`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('学生列表', 11,NULL);`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('班级管理', 0,'Alt+C');`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('年级管理', 0,'Alt+G');`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('班级列表', 15,NULL);`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('新增班级', 15,'Ctrl+Alt+C');`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('年级列表', 16,NULL);`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('新增年级', 16,NULL);`
`INSERT INTO MenuInfos (MenuName, ParentId, MKey) VALUES ('学生查询', 14,NULL);创建完如下
创建WPF程序
cs
<Window
x:Class="MenuDemo.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:MenuDemo"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
Title="Menu案例"
Width="500"
Height="300"
mc:Ignorable="d">
<Grid>
<Menu
Name="menus"
Width="500"
Height="37"
HorizontalAlignment="Left"
VerticalAlignment="Top"
Background="#FF0ABEFF" />
</Grid>
</Window>在App.config 添加连接数据库的资源字典
cs
<connectionStrings>
<add name="connStr" connectionString="Server=DESKTOP-JRTKHSS\SQLEXPRESS;DataBase=SqlData;Uid=sa;Pwd=123456" />
</connectionStrings>添加文件夹dbhelper及工具类CommandInfo、SqlHelper
cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Helper
{
public class CommandInfo
{
public string CommandText;//sql或存储过程名
public SqlParameter[] Paras; //参数列表
public bool IsProc; //是否是存储过程
public CommandInfo()
{
}
public CommandInfo(string comText, bool isProc)
{
this.CommandText = comText;
this.IsProc = isProc;
}
public CommandInfo(string sqlText, bool isProc, SqlParameter[] para)
{
this.CommandText = sqlText;
this.Paras = para;
this.IsProc = isProc;
}
}
}
cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Helper
{
public class SqlHelper
{
//1.连接字符串
private static string connStr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["connStr"].ConnectionString;
//2.Command三个执行方法
/// <summary>
/// 增、删、改的通用方法
/// 执行Sql语句或存储过程，返回受影响的行数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">sql语句或存储过程名</param>
/// <param name="cmdType">执行的脚本类型 1:sql语句 2:存储过程</param>
/// <param name="parameters">参数列表</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string sql, int cmdType, params SqlParameter[] parameters)
{
//select @@Identity 返回上一次插入记录时自动产生的ID
int result = 0;//返回结果
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connStr))
{
//执行脚本的对象cmd
SqlCommand cmd = BuilderCommand(conn, sql, cmdType, null, parameters);
result = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();//执行T-SQL并返回受影响行数
cmd.Parameters.Clear();
}
//using原理：类似于try finally
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// 执行sql查询，返回第一行第一列的值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">sql语句或存储过程</param>
/// <param name="cmdType">执行的脚本类型 1:sql语句 2:存储过程</param>
/// <param name="parameters">参数列表</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static object ExecuteScalar(string sql, int cmdType, params SqlParameter[] parameters)
{
object result = null;//返回结果
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connStr))
{
//执行脚本的对象cmd
SqlCommand cmd = BuilderCommand(conn, sql, cmdType, null, parameters);
result = cmd.ExecuteScalar();//执行T-SQL并返回第一行第一列的值
cmd.Parameters.Clear();
if (result == null || result == DBNull.Value)
{
return null;
}
else
{
return result;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 执行sql查询,返回SqlDataReader对象
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">sql语句或存储过程</param>
/// <param name="cmdType">执行的脚本类型 1:sql语句 2:存储过程</param>
/// <param name="parameters">参数列表</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string sql, int cmdType, params SqlParameter[] parameters)
{
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connStr);
SqlCommand cmd = BuilderCommand(conn, sql, cmdType, null, parameters);
SqlDataReader reader;
try
{
reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
return reader;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
conn.Close();
throw new Exception("创建reader对象发生异常", ex);
}
}
//SqlDataAdapter两种填充、Update方法（自动配置命令）
/// <summary>
/// 执行查询，查询结果填充到DataTable 只针对查询一个表的情况
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">sql语句或存储过程</param>
/// <param name="cmdType">执行的脚本类型 1:sql语句 2:存储过程</param>
/// <param name="parameters">参数列表</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static DataTable GetDataTable(string sql, int cmdType, params SqlParameter[] parameters)
{
DataTable dt = null;
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connStr))
{
SqlCommand cmd = BuilderCommand(conn, sql, cmdType, null, parameters);
SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
dt = new DataTable();
da.Fill(dt);
}
return dt;
}
/// <summary>
/// 执行查询，数据填充到DataSet
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql">sql语句或存储过程</param>
/// <param name="cmdType">执行的脚本类型 1:sql语句 2:存储过程</param>
/// <param name="parameters">参数列表</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static DataSet GetDataSet(string sql, int cmdType, params SqlParameter[] parameters)
{
DataSet ds = null;
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connStr))
{
SqlCommand cmd = BuilderCommand(conn, sql, cmdType, null, parameters);
//数据适配器
//conn 自动打开 断开式连接
SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
ds = new DataSet();
da.Fill(ds);
//自动关闭conn
}
return ds;
}
/// <summary>
/// SqlDataAdapter更新DataTable到数据库（不常用）
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dt"></param>
/// <param name="sql"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool UpdateDataTable(DataTable dt,string sql)
{
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connStr))
{
SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn);
SqlCommandBuilder cmdBuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(da);
int count= da.Update(dt);
if (count > 0)
return true;
}
return false;
}
//执行事务的方法三个
/// <summary>
/// 事务 执行批量sql
/// </summary>
/// <param name="listSql"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool ExecuteTrans(List<string> listSql)
{
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connStr))
{
conn.Open();
SqlTransaction trans = conn.BeginTransaction();
SqlCommand cmd = BuilderCommand(conn, "", 1, trans);
try
{
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < listSql.Count; i++)
{
if (listSql[i].Length > 0)
{
cmd.CommandText = listSql[i];
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
count += cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
}
trans.Commit();
return true;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
trans.Rollback();
throw new Exception("执行事务出现异常", ex);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 事务 批量执行 CommandInfo 包括sql,脚本类型，参数列表
/// </summary>
/// <param name="comList"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool ExecuteTrans(List<CommandInfo> comList)
{
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connStr))
{
conn.Open();
SqlTransaction trans = conn.BeginTransaction();
SqlCommand cmd = BuilderCommand(conn, "", 1, trans);
try
{
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < comList.Count; i++)
{
cmd.CommandText = comList[i].CommandText;
if (comList[i].IsProc)
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
else
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
if (comList[i].Paras != null && comList[i].Paras.Length > 0)
{
cmd.Parameters.Clear();
foreach (var p in comList[i].Paras)
{
cmd.Parameters.Add(p);
}
}
count += cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
trans.Commit();
return true;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
trans.Rollback();
throw new Exception("执行事务出现异常", ex);
}
}
}
public static T ExecuteTrans<T>(Func<IDbCommand, T> action)
{
using (IDbConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connStr))
{
conn.Open();
IDbTransaction trans = conn.BeginTransaction();
IDbCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
cmd.Transaction = trans;
return action(cmd);
}
}
//构造Command对象方法
/// <summary>
/// 构建SqlCommand
/// </summary>
/// <param name="conn">数据库连接对象</param>
/// <param name="sql">SQL语句或存储过程</param>
/// <param name="comType">命令字符串的类型</param>
/// <param name="trans">事务</param>
/// <param name="paras">参数数组</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static SqlCommand BuilderCommand(SqlConnection conn, string sql, int cmdType, SqlTransaction trans, params SqlParameter[] paras)
{
if (conn == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("连接对象不能为空！");
SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);
if (cmdType == 2)
command.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
if (conn.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
conn.Open();
if (trans != null)
command.Transaction = trans;
if (paras != null && paras.Length > 0)
{
command.Parameters.Clear();
command.Parameters.AddRange(paras);
}
return command;
}
/// <summary>
/// 将参数数组添加到IDbCommand的参数集合中
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cmd"></param>
/// <param name="paras"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static void AddParas(IDbCommand cmd, SqlParameter[] paras)
{
if (paras != null && paras.Length > 0)
{
foreach (var p in paras)
{
cmd.Parameters.Add(p);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 初始化IDbCommand的操作(每步的执行)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cmd"></param>
/// <param name="sql"></param>
/// <param name="cmdType"></param>
/// <param name="paras"></param>
public static void InitIdbCommand(IDbCommand cmd, string sql, int cmdType, SqlParameter[] paras)
{
cmd.CommandText = sql;
if (cmdType == 1)
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
else
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.Parameters.Clear();
AddParas(cmd, paras);
}
/// <summary>
/// 执行Insert \Update\Delete语句
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sql"></param>
/// <param name="cmdType"></param>
/// <param name="paras"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool Execute(string sql, int cmdType, params SqlParameter[] paras)
{
int count = 0;
count = ExecuteNonQuery(sql, cmdType, paras);
if (count > 0)
return true;
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// 执行查询，返回指定类型
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="sql"></param>
/// <param name="cmdType"></param>
/// <param name="paras"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T GetValByExecute<T>(string sql,int cmdType, params SqlParameter[] paras)
{
object oVal = null;
oVal = ExecuteScalar(sql, cmdType, paras);
if (oVal != null && oVal.ToString() != "")
return (T)Convert.ChangeType(oVal, typeof(T));
else
return default(T);
}
/// <summary>
/// Adapter提交DataTable 单表
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dt"></param>
/// <param name="sql"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static int AdapterUpdateDt(DataTable dt,string sql)
{
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connStr))
{
SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn);
SqlCommandBuilder sbuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(da);
return da.Update(dt);
}
}
}
}如果报错则按提示using
添加models文件夹及菜单列表类MenuInfo
cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ImSql.Models
{
public class MenuInfo
{
public int MenuId { get; set; }
public string MenuName { get; set; }
public int ParentId { get; set; }
public string MKey { get; set; }
}
}在页面中添加初始化事件：Loaded
在页面后台代码中添加如下代码
cs
//定义一个递归加载方法
private void AddMenuItems(List<MenuInfo> allMenus, MenuItem pMenu, int parentId)
{
//获取当前的子菜单列表
var subList = allMenus.Where(m => m.ParentId == parentId);
foreach (var mi in subList)
{
MenuItem mItem = new MenuItem();
mItem.Header = mi.MenuName;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(mi.MKey))
mItem.InputGestureText = mi.MKey;
if (pMenu != null)
pMenu.Items.Add(mItem);//子菜单
else
menus.Items.Add(mItem);//一级菜单
AddMenuItems(allMenus, mItem, mi.MenuId);
}
}
private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
List<MenuInfo> menuList = GetMenuList();
//调用递归方法
AddMenuItems(menuList, null, 0);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取菜单数据
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private List<MenuInfo> GetMenuList()
{
string sql = "select MenuId,MenuName,ParentId,MKey from MenuInfos";
SqlDataReader dr = SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(sql, 1);
List<MenuInfo> list = new List<MenuInfo>();
while (dr.Read())
{
MenuInfo menu = new MenuInfo();
menu.MenuId = (int)dr["MenuId"];
menu.MenuName = dr["MenuName"].ToString();
menu.ParentId = (int)dr["ParentId"];
menu.MKey = dr["MKey"].ToString();
list.Add(menu);
}
dr.Close();
return list;
}启动程序，查看最终效果
后台完整代码如下：
cs
using Helper;
using ImSql.Models;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
namespace MenuDemo
{
/// <summary>
/// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
/// </summary>
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
//定义一个递归加载方法
private void AddMenuItems(List<MenuInfo> allMenus, MenuItem pMenu, int parentId)
{
//获取当前的子菜单列表
var subList = allMenus.Where(m => m.ParentId == parentId);
foreach (var mi in subList)
{
MenuItem mItem = new MenuItem();
mItem.Header = mi.MenuName;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(mi.MKey))
mItem.InputGestureText = mi.MKey;
if (pMenu != null)
pMenu.Items.Add(mItem);//子菜单
else
menus.Items.Add(mItem);//一级菜单
AddMenuItems(allMenus, mItem, mi.MenuId);
}
}
private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
List<MenuInfo> menuList = GetMenuList();
//调用递归方法
AddMenuItems(menuList, null, 0);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取菜单数据
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private List<MenuInfo> GetMenuList()
{
string sql = "select MenuId,MenuName,ParentId,MKey from MenuInfos";
SqlDataReader dr = SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(sql, 1);
List<MenuInfo> list = new List<MenuInfo>();
while (dr.Read())
{
MenuInfo menu = new MenuInfo();
menu.MenuId = (int)dr["MenuId"];
menu.MenuName = dr["MenuName"].ToString();
menu.ParentId = (int)dr["ParentId"];
menu.MKey = dr["MKey"].ToString();
list.Add(menu);
}
dr.Close();
return list;
}
}
}