K8S三、实战 - 技术栈

创建第一个pod
创建Deployment
滚动升级和回滚
创建serivce
访问Service
HPA

创建第一个pod

bash 复制代码

kubectl create deployment nginx-deploy --image=nginx

kubectl get pod -o wide  # 查看 pod
kubectl expose deployment nginx-deploy --port=80 --type=NodePort  # 暴露 deployment
kubectl get service nginx-deploy  # 查看 service
kubectl delete deployment nginx-deploy  # 删除 deployment
kubectl delete service nginx-deploy  # 删除 service

kubectl get pod nginx-deploy-8cc8b9c49-xshrr -o yaml 
kubectl get pod nginx-deploy-8cc8b9c49-xshrr -o wide
kubectl describe pods nginx-deploy-8cc8b9c49-xshrr
kubectl exec -it nginx-deploy-8cc8b9c49-xshrr -- sh
kubectl logs nginx-deploy-8cc8b9c49-xshrr

创建Deployment

vi deployment.yaml

yaml 复制代码

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deploy  # Deployment名称
spec:
  replicas: 2  # 期望的Pod副本数
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx  # 选择所有包含app=nginx标签的Pod
  minReadySeconds: 2  # Pod准备就绪前需要等待的最小秒数
  strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate  # 更新策略为滚动更新
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1  # 滚动更新期间最多允许1个Pod不可用
      maxSurge: 1  # 滚动更新期间最多允许额外创建1个Pod
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx  # Pod的标签
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx-pod  # 容器名称
        image: nginx:1.13.0  # 使用的镜像
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent  # 优先使用本地镜像，不存在时才拉取
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80  # 容器内部监听的端口，官方的nginx镜像默认配置为监听 80 端口，而非 8080。即使这里配置的是8080，访问的时候仍然需要使用80端口。
        resources:  # 后续HPA会用到资源限制
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"  # CPU限制为100毫核
          requests:
            cpu: "50m"  # CPU请求为50毫核

bash 复制代码

kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml

kubectl get deployment nginx-deploy -owide
NAME           READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE    CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
nginx-deploy   2/2     2            2           178m   nginx-pod    nginx:1.13.0   app=nginx

kubectl get rs -owide
NAME                      DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE    CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
nginx-deploy-68ff6f9d47   2         2         2       151m   nginx-pod    nginx:1.13.0   app=nginx,pod-template-hash=68ff6f9d47

滚动升级和回滚

bash 复制代码

vi deployment.yaml
image: nginx:1.13.0  >>  image: nginx:latest  # 修改镜像版本


kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml --record=true  # 记录此次更新，以便日后回滚
kubectl rollout status deployment nginx-deploy  # 查看滚动升级状态

# 回滚到上一个版本（无需指定版本号）
kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx-deploy
# 或回滚到指定版本（需确认版本号存在）
kubectl rollout undo deployment nginx-deploy --to-revision=1
kubectl rollout status deployment nginx-deploy  # 查看回滚状态

创建serivce

vi service.yaml

yaml 复制代码

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-svc  # Service的名称，在同一个命名空间内必须唯一
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 80  # Service 在集群内部的端口（其他 Pod 通过此端口访问该服务）
    nodePort: 30080  # 节点上暴露的端口，外部可通过 <NodeIP>:30080 访问服务，范围是30000-32767。
    protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app: nginx  # selector下的app标签要和Pod的label一致

bash 复制代码

kubectl apply -f service.yaml

以下两个地方要注意，要保持一致
service.yaml --> spec.selector
deployment.yaml  --> spec.template.metadata.labels

bash 复制代码

kubectl describe svc nginx-svc 
Name:                     nginx-svc
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   app=nginx
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 app=nginx
Type:                     NodePort
IP Family Policy:         SingleStack
IP Families:              IPv4
IP:                       10.100.160.27
IPs:                      10.100.160.27
Port:                     <unset>  80/TCP
TargetPort:               80/TCP
NodePort:                 <unset>  30080/TCP
Endpoints:                10.240.214.207:80,10.240.214.208:80
Session Affinity:         None
External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>

Endpoint 是Service和Pod之间的桥梁，它记录了哪些Pod可以被访问。

访问Service

Service 的网络标识:ClusterIP、DNS 名称

bash 复制代码

kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP        43h
nginx-svc    NodePort    10.100.160.27   <none>        80:30080/TCP   18h

NAME: nginx-svc

CLUSTER-IP: 10.100.160.27

PORT:80

NodePort: 30080

从集群内部，可以通过前3个值（Name、ClusterIP、port）来直接访问

从集群外部，可以通过NodeIP:NodePort来访问

curl 10.100.160.27:80 # 集群内部访问Service

curl nginx-svc:80 # Pod内部通过DNS访问Service

curl 1.1.1.100:30080 # 集群外部访问Service es100:30800

HPA

前提条件：部署nginx，可参考上面的Deployment和Service部分

vi metric-server.yaml

yaml 复制代码

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-admin: "true"
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-edit: "true"
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-view: "true"
  name: system:aggregated-metrics-reader
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - metrics.k8s.io
  resources:
  - pods
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: system:metrics-server
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/metrics
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server-auth-reader
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: extension-apiserver-authentication-reader
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server:system:auth-delegator
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:auth-delegator
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: system:metrics-server
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:metrics-server
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - name: https
    port: 443
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: https
  selector:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: metrics-server
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: metrics-server
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - --cert-dir=/tmp
        - --secure-port=4443
        - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname
        - --kubelet-use-node-status-port
        - --metric-resolution=15s
        - --kubelet-insecure-tls
        image: swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.6.4
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        livenessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 3
          httpGet:
            path: /livez
            port: https
            scheme: HTTPS
          periodSeconds: 10
        name: metrics-server
        ports:
        - containerPort: 4443
          name: https
          protocol: TCP
        readinessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 3
          httpGet:
            path: /readyz
            port: https
            scheme: HTTPS
          initialDelaySeconds: 20
          periodSeconds: 10
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 200Mi
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
          runAsNonRoot: true
          runAsUser: 1000
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /tmp
          name: tmp-dir
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: metrics-server
      volumes:
      - emptyDir: {}
        name: tmp-dir
---
apiVersion: apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: APIService
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io
spec:
  group: metrics.k8s.io
  groupPriorityMinimum: 100
  insecureSkipTLSVerify: true
  service:
    name: metrics-server
    namespace: kube-system
  version: v1beta1
  versionPriority: 100

bash 复制代码

kubectl apply -f metric-server.yaml

kubectl autoscale deployment nginx-deploy --cpu-percent=50 --min=2 --max=10  # 创建HPA，自动扩容，CPU使用率超过50%，最小2个Pod，最大10个Pod

horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/nginx-deploy autoscaled  # 查看HPA状态

测试开始：使用一下Python代码进行连接模拟

原本是来模拟http版本请求的，凑合着用吧

python 复制代码

import time
import httpx
import ssl

while True:
    with httpx.Client(http2=False, verify=False) as client:  # http2=True则使用 HTTP2，http2=False，则默认采用 HTTP/1.1 协议
        response = client.get('http://1.1.1.100:30080', headers={'Host': url})
        response = client.get('http://1.1.1.80:30080', headers={'Host': url})
        time.sleep(1)  # 这里可以自由调节，间隔越小，CPU使用率越高

观测结果：

bash 复制代码

kubectl get hpa nginx-deploy --watch  # 观察HPA自动扩容


kubectl get pod
NAME                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deploy-74db4c6d6f-65lzx   1/1     Running   0          16h
nginx-deploy-74db4c6d6f-kzwvn   1/1     Running   0          5m11s
nginx-deploy-74db4c6d6f-xf99c   1/1     Running   0          16h
nginx-deploy-74db4c6d6f-xv9hc   1/1     Running   0          5m11s


kubectl get hpa nginx-deploy --watch
NAME           REFERENCE                 TARGETS   MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
nginx-deploy   Deployment/nginx-deploy   0%/50%    2         10        2          19h
nginx-deploy   Deployment/nginx-deploy   38%/50%   2         10        2          19h
nginx-deploy   Deployment/nginx-deploy   92%/50%   2         10        2          19h
nginx-deploy   Deployment/nginx-deploy   106%/50%   2         10        4          19h
nginx-deploy   Deployment/nginx-deploy   72%/50%    2         10        4          19h
nginx-deploy   Deployment/nginx-deploy   0%/50%     2         10        4          19h

nginx-deploy   Deployment/nginx-deploy   0%/50%     2         10        4          19h
nginx-deploy   Deployment/nginx-deploy   0%/50%     2         10        2          19h