要生成 sitemap.xml 文件，需要通过爬虫程序抓取网站的所有有效链接。以下是完整的解决方案：
步骤 1：安装必要的 Python 库
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pip install requests beautifulsoup4 lxml
步骤 2：创建 Python 爬虫脚本 (sitemap_generator.py)
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import requestsfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoupfrom urllib.parse import urljoin, urlparseimport xml.etree.ElementTree as ETfrom datetime import datetime
def get_all_links(base_url): # 存储已访问和待访问的链接 visited = set() queue = [base_url] all_links = set()
while queue: url = queue.pop(0) if url in visited: continue
try: headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36' } response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=10) if response.status_code != 200: continue
# 添加到已访问列表 visited.add(url) all_links.add(url) print(f"Crawled: {url}")
# 解析 HTML 获取新链接 soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'lxml') for link in soup.find_all('a', href=True): href = link['href'].strip() full_url = urljoin(url, href)
# 过滤无效链接 parsed = urlparse(full_url) if parsed.scheme not in ('http', 'https'): continue if not parsed.netloc.endswith('91kaiye.cn'): # 仅限本站链接 continue if '#' in full_url: # 忽略锚点 full_url = full_url.split('#')[0]
# 添加到待访问队列 if full_url not in visited: queue.append(full_url)
except Exception as e: print(f"Error crawling {url}: {str(e)}")
return all_links
def create_sitemap(links, filename='sitemap.xml'): root = ET.Element('urlset', xmlns='http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9') for link in sorted(links): url_elem = ET.SubElement(root, 'url') ET.SubElement(url_elem, 'loc').text = link ET.SubElement(url_elem, 'lastmod').text = datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d') ET.SubElement(url_elem, 'changefreq').text = 'daily' ET.SubElement(url_elem, 'priority').text = '0.8' tree = ET.ElementTree(root) tree.write(filename, encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True) print(f"\nSitemap generated: {filename} with {len(links)} URLs")
if name == 'main': base_url = 'https://www.91kaiye.cn/' print("Starting crawl...") links = get_all_links(base_url) create_sitemap(links)
步骤 3：运行脚本
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python sitemap_generator.py
执行说明：
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爬虫逻辑：
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从首页
https://www.91kaiye.cn/开始广度优先搜索 -
自动过滤非本站链接、锚点和无效 URL
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记录每个页面的最后修改日期（默认当天）
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设置更新频率为
daily，优先级为0.8
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输出文件：
- 生成的
sitemap.xml格式如下：-
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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9"> <url> <loc>https://www.91kaiye.cn/page1</loc> <lastmod>2023-10-05</lastmod> <changefreq>daily</changefreq> <priority>0.8</priority> </url> ...</urlset>
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- 生成的
注意事项：
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反爬措施：
- 如果网站有反爬机制，可能需要：
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添加
time.sleep(1)延迟请求 -
使用代理 IP
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设置更真实的请求头
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- 如果网站有反爬机制，可能需要：
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动态内容：
- 对于 JavaScript 渲染的页面（如 Vue/React），需改用
Selenium或Playwright
- 对于 JavaScript 渲染的页面（如 Vue/React），需改用
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优化建议：
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在服务器上定期运行（如每周一次）
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提交到 Google Search Console
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在
robots.txt中添加：-
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Sitemap: https://www.91kaiye.cn/sitemap.xml
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替代方案：使用在线工具
如果不想运行代码，可用在线服务生成：
生成后请将 sitemap.xml 上传到网站根目录，并通过百度/Google站长工具提交。