[TG开发]照片机器人

二十雨辰2025-08-17 20:36

我们今天的任务是创建一个"照片"机器人，该机器人将向用户发送照片。这只是一个示例，因此不会从网上获取照片，也不支持群聊功能。仅处理本地图片。但有一个好处: 我们将学会如何创建自定义键盘，如何发送照片以及创建指令。

准备图片

让我们下载5张完全不知名的照片。请注意: 我们将多次向用户发送相同的文件，因此我们应在Telegram服务器的流量和磁盘空间上精打细算。令人惊叹的是，我们只需在服务器上传一次文件，然后就可以通过唯一的文件ID来发送文件(图片、音频文件、文档、语音信息等) 。好了，那么现在让我们在发送给机器人时获取每张图片的ID

一如既往，在intelildea中创建一个新项目，并在src目录下创建两个文件:Main.java和PhotoBot.java。打开第一个文件，然后输入如下内容:

复制代码 
import org.telegram.telegrambots.ApiContextInitializer;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.TelegramBotsApi;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.exceptions.TelegramApiException;


public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApiContextInitializer.init();

        TelegramBotsApi botsApi = new TelegramBotsApi();

        try {
            botsApi.registerBot(new PhotoBot());
        } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("PhotoBot successfully started!");
    }
}

这段代码将在我们的机器人成功启动时打印"PhotoBot successfully started!"。然后，保存它并打开PhotoBot.java文件。请粘贴之前课程中的以下代码:

复制代码 
import org.telegram.telegrambots.api.methods.send.SendMessage;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.api.objects.Update;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.bots.TelegramLongPollingBot;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.exceptions.TelegramApiException;

public class PhotoBot extends TelegramLongPollingBot {
    @Override
    public void onUpdateReceived(Update update) {

        // We check if the update has a message and the message has text
        if (update.hasMessage() && update.getMessage().hasText()) {
            // Set variables
            String message_text = update.getMessage().getText();
            long chat_id = update.getMessage().getChatId();
            SendMessage message = new SendMessage() // Create a message object object
                    .setChatId(chat_id)
                    .setText(message_text);
            try {
                sendMessage(message); // Sending our message object to user
            } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String getBotUsername() {
        // Return bot username
        // If bot username is @MyAmazingBot, it must return 'MyAmazingBot'
        return "PhotoBot";
    }

    @Override
    public String getBotToken() {
        // Return bot token from BotFather
        return "12345:qwertyuiopASDGFHKMK";
    }
}

现在让我们更新我们的 onUpdateReceived 方法。我们想要发送我们发送给机器人的图片的file_id。让我们检查消息中是否包含照片对象:

复制代码 
@Override
public void onUpdateReceived(Update update) {

    // We check if the update has a message and the message has text
    if (update.hasMessage() && update.getMessage().hasText()) {
        // Set variables
        String message_text = update.getMessage().getText();
        long chat_id = update.getMessage().getChatId();
        SendMessage message = new SendMessage() // Create a message object object
                    .setChatId(chat_id)
                    .setText(message_text);
        try {
            sendMessage(message); // Sending our message object to user
        } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    } else if (update.hasMessage() && update.getMessage().hasPhoto()) {
        // Message contains photo
    }
}

我们希望我们的机器人发送 file_id 对应的图片, 需要这样做

复制代码 
else if (update.hasMessage() && update.getMessage().hasPhoto()) {
    // Message contains photo
    // Set variables
    long chat_id = update.getMessage().getChatId();

    // Array with photo objects with different sizes
    // We will get the biggest photo from that array
    List<PhotoSize> photos = update.getMessage().getPhoto();
    // Know file_id
    String f_id = photos.stream()
                    .sorted(Comparator.comparing(PhotoSize::getFileSize).reversed())
                    .findFirst()
                    .orElse(null).getFileId();
    // Know photo width
    int f_width = photos.stream()
                    .sorted(Comparator.comparing(PhotoSize::getFileSize).reversed())
                    .findFirst()
                    .orElse(null).getWidth();
    // Know photo height
    int f_height = photos.stream()
                    .sorted(Comparator.comparing(PhotoSize::getFileSize).reversed())
                    .findFirst()
                    .orElse(null).getHeight();
    // Set photo caption
    String caption = "file_id: " + f_id + "\nwidth: " + Integer.toString(f_width) + "\nheight: " + Integer.toString(f_height);
    SendPhoto msg = new SendPhoto()
                    .setChatId(chat_id)
                    .setPhoto(f_id)
                    .setCaption(caption);
    try {
        sendPhoto(msg); // Call method to send the photo with caption
    } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

太棒了!现在我们知道照片的文件ID，所以我们可以通过文件ID发送它们。让我们在发送命令 /pic 时让我们的机器人用那张照片回答。

复制代码 
if (update.hasMessage() && update.getMessage().hasText()) {
    // Set variables
    String message_text = update.getMessage().getText();
    long chat_id = update.getMessage().getChatId();
    if (message_text.equals("/start")) {
        // User send /start
        SendMessage message = new SendMessage() // Create a message object object
                        .setChatId(chat_id)
                        .setText(message_text);
        try {
            sendMessage(message); // Sending our message object to user
        } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    } else if (message_text.equals("/pic")) {
        // User sent /pic
        SendPhoto msg = new SendPhoto()
                        .setChatId(chat_id)
                        .setPhoto("AgADAgAD6qcxGwnPsUgOp7-MvnQ8GecvSw0ABGvTl7ObQNPNX7UEAAEC")
                        .setCaption("Photo");
                try {
                    sendPhoto(msg); // Call method to send the photo
                } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
    } else {
        // Unknown command
        SendMessage message = new SendMessage() // Create a message object object
                        .setChatId(chat_id)
                        .setText("Unknown command");
        try {
            sendMessage(message); // Sending our message object to user
        } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

现在让我们来看看ReplyKeyboardMarkup。我们将创建这样的自定义键盘

好吧，你已经知道如何让我们的机器人识别命令了。让我们再做一个if 分支处理 /markup 命令。

请记住!当您按下按钮时，它会将按钮上的文本发送给机器人。例如，如果我在按钮上输入"你好"文本，那么当我按下按钮时，它就会为我发送"你好"的文本。

复制代码 
else if (message_text.equals("/markup")) {
    SendMessage message = new SendMessage() // Create a message object object
                        .setChatId(chat_id)
                        .setText("Here is your keyboard");
    // Create ReplyKeyboardMarkup object
    ReplyKeyboardMarkup keyboardMarkup = new ReplyKeyboardMarkup();
    // Create the keyboard (list of keyboard rows)
    List<KeyboardRow> keyboard = new ArrayList<>();
    // Create a keyboard row
    KeyboardRow row = new KeyboardRow();
    // Set each button, you can also use KeyboardButton objects if you need something else than text
    row.add("Row 1 Button 1");
    row.add("Row 1 Button 2");
    row.add("Row 1 Button 3");
    // Add the first row to the keyboard
    keyboard.add(row);
    // Create another keyboard row
    row = new KeyboardRow();
    // Set each button for the second line
    row.add("Row 2 Button 1");
    row.add("Row 2 Button 2");
    row.add("Row 2 Button 3");
    // Add the second row to the keyboard
    keyboard.add(row);
    // Set the keyboard to the markup
    keyboardMarkup.setKeyboard(keyboard);
    // Add it to the message
    message.setReplyMarkup(keyboardMarkup);
    try {
        sendMessage(message); // Sending our message object to user
    } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

太棒了!现在让我们教我们的机器人对这些按钮做出反应:

复制代码 
else if (message_text.equals("Row 1 Button 1")) {
    SendPhoto msg = new SendPhoto()
                .setChatId(chat_id)
                .setPhoto("AgADAgAD6qcxGwnPsUgOp7-MvnQ8GecvSw0ABGvTl7ObQNPNX7UEAAEC")
                .setCaption("Photo");
    try {
        sendPhoto(msg); // Call method to send the photo
    } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

现在，当用户按下带有"Row 1 Button 1"文本的按钮时，机器人将通过文件ID向用户发送图片:

当用户向机器人发送 /hide 命令时，让我们执行"隐藏键盘"功能。这可以通过ReplyMarkupRemove来实现。

复制代码 
else if (message_text.equals("/hide")) {
    SendMessage msg = new SendMessage()
                        .setChatId(chat_id)
                        .setText("Keyboard hidden");
    ReplyKeyboardRemove keyboardMarkup = new ReplyKeyboardRemove();
    msg.setReplyMarkup(keyboardMarkup);
    try {
        sendMessage(msg); // Call method to send the photo
    } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

查看完整代码

复制代码 
import org.telegram.telegrambots.ApiContextInitializer;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.TelegramBotsApi;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.exceptions.TelegramApiException;


public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApiContextInitializer.init();

        TelegramBotsApi botsApi = new TelegramBotsApi();

        try {
            botsApi.registerBot(new PhotoBot());
        } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("PhotoBot successfully started!");
    }
}

import org.telegram.telegrambots.api.methods.send.SendMessage;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.api.methods.send.SendPhoto;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.api.objects.PhotoSize;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.api.objects.Update;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.api.objects.replykeyboard.ReplyKeyboardMarkup;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.api.objects.replykeyboard.ReplyKeyboardRemove;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.api.objects.replykeyboard.buttons.KeyboardRow;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.bots.TelegramLongPollingBot;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.exceptions.TelegramApiException;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;

public class PhotoBot extends TelegramLongPollingBot {
    @Override
    public void onUpdateReceived(Update update) {

        // We check if the update has a message and the message has text
        if (update.hasMessage() && update.getMessage().hasText()) {
            // Set variables
            String message_text = update.getMessage().getText();
            long chat_id = update.getMessage().getChatId();
            if (message_text.equals("/start")) {
                SendMessage message = new SendMessage() // Create a message object object
                        .setChatId(chat_id)
                        .setText(message_text);
                try {
                    sendMessage(message); // Sending our message object to user
                } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } else if (message_text.equals("/pic")) {
                SendPhoto msg = new SendPhoto()
                        .setChatId(chat_id)
                        .setPhoto("AgADAgAD6qcxGwnPsUgOp7-MvnQ8GecvSw0ABGvTl7ObQNPNX7UEAAEC")
                        .setCaption("Photo");
                try {
                    sendPhoto(msg); // Call method to send the photo
                } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } else if (message_text.equals("/markup")) {
                SendMessage message = new SendMessage() // Create a message object object
                        .setChatId(chat_id)
                        .setText("Here is your keyboard");
                // Create ReplyKeyboardMarkup object
                ReplyKeyboardMarkup keyboardMarkup = new ReplyKeyboardMarkup();
                // Create the keyboard (list of keyboard rows)
                List<KeyboardRow> keyboard = new ArrayList<>();
                // Create a keyboard row
                KeyboardRow row = new KeyboardRow();
                // Set each button, you can also use KeyboardButton objects if you need something else than text
                row.add("Row 1 Button 1");
                row.add("Row 1 Button 2");
                row.add("Row 1 Button 3");
                // Add the first row to the keyboard
                keyboard.add(row);
                // Create another keyboard row
                row = new KeyboardRow();
                // Set each button for the second line
                row.add("Row 2 Button 1");
                row.add("Row 2 Button 2");
                row.add("Row 2 Button 3");
                // Add the second row to the keyboard
                keyboard.add(row);
                // Set the keyboard to the markup
                keyboardMarkup.setKeyboard(keyboard);
                // Add it to the message
                message.setReplyMarkup(keyboardMarkup);
                try {
                    sendMessage(message); // Sending our message object to user
                } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } else if (message_text.equals("Row 1 Button 1")) {
                SendPhoto msg = new SendPhoto()
                        .setChatId(chat_id)
                        .setPhoto("AgADAgAD6qcxGwnPsUgOp7-MvnQ8GecvSw0ABGvTl7ObQNPNX7UEAAEC")
                        .setCaption("Photo");

                try {
                    sendPhoto(msg); // Call method to send the photo
                } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } else if (message_text.equals("/hide")) {
                SendMessage msg = new SendMessage()
                        .setChatId(chat_id)
                        .setText("Keyboard hidden");
                ReplyKeyboardRemove keyboardMarkup = new ReplyKeyboardRemove();
                msg.setReplyMarkup(keyboardMarkup);
                try {
                    sendMessage(msg); // Call method to send the photo
                } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } else {
                SendMessage message = new SendMessage() // Create a message object object
                        .setChatId(chat_id)
                        .setText("Unknown command");
                try {
                    sendMessage(message); // Sending our message object to user
                } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        } else if (update.hasMessage() && update.getMessage().hasPhoto()) {
            // Message contains photo
            // Set variables
            long chat_id = update.getMessage().getChatId();

            List<PhotoSize> photos = update.getMessage().getPhoto();
            String f_id = photos.stream()
                    .sorted(Comparator.comparing(PhotoSize::getFileSize).reversed())
                    .findFirst()
                    .orElse(null).getFileId();
            int f_width = photos.stream()
                    .sorted(Comparator.comparing(PhotoSize::getFileSize).reversed())
                    .findFirst()
                    .orElse(null).getWidth();
            int f_height = photos.stream()
                    .sorted(Comparator.comparing(PhotoSize::getFileSize).reversed())
                    .findFirst()
                    .orElse(null).getHeight();
            String caption = "file_id: " + f_id + "\nwidth: " + Integer.toString(f_width) + "\nheight: " + Integer.toString(f_height);
            SendPhoto msg = new SendPhoto()
                    .setChatId(chat_id)
                    .setPhoto(f_id)
                    .setCaption(caption);
            try {
                sendPhoto(msg); // Call method to send the message
            } catch (TelegramApiException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String getBotUsername() {
        // Return bot username
        // If bot username is @MyAmazingBot, it must return 'MyAmazingBot'
        return "PhotoBot";
    }

    @Override
    public String getBotToken() {
        // Return bot token from BotFather
        return "12345:qwertyuiopASDGFHKMK";
    }
}
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