Blockly集合积木开发

比老马还六2025-10-11 11:18

Blockly集合积木开发

今天出一期关于Blockly集合积木开发的教程，废话不多说，上代码

集合积木

集合积木借鉴mixly，python代码可以参考菜鸟教程www.runoob.com/python/pyth...

构建积木

1，涉及要修改得文件（blocks，set这个是要自己创建） 2，blocks文件引入set文件，并在export导出积木

javascript 复制代码 
set文件代码

/**
 * @license
 * Copyright 2012 Google LLC
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 */

// Former goog.module ID: Blockly.libraryBlocks.set
import type {Block} from '../core/block.js';
import type {BlockSvg} from '../core/block_svg.js';
import type {Workspace} from '../core/workspace.js';
import type {Connection} from '../core/connection.js';
import {Msg} from '../core/msg.js';
import {Align} from '../core/inputs/align.js';
import {MutatorIcon} from '../core/icons/mutator_icon.js';
import {
  createBlockDefinitionsFromJsonArray,
  defineBlocks,
} from '../core/common.js';
import * as xmlUtils from '../core/utils/xml.js';

/**
 * A dictionary of the block definitions provided by this module.
 */
export const blocks = createBlockDefinitionsFromJsonArray([
  {
    type: "set_len",
    style: "set_blocks",
    helpUrl: "",
    tooltip: "",
    output: "Number",
    message0: "%{BKY_SET_LEN}",
    args0: [{ type: "input_value", name: "VALUE", check: "Set" }],
  },
  {
    type: "set_pop",
    style: "set_blocks",
    helpUrl: "",
    tooltip: "",
    output: null,
    message0: "%{BKY_SET_POP}",
    args0: [{ type: "input_value", name: "VALUE", check: "Set" }],
  },
  {
    type: "set_operate",
    style: "set_blocks",
    helpUrl: "",
    tooltip: "",
    output: "Set",
    message0: "%{BKY_SET_OPERATE}",
    args0: [
      { type: "input_value", name: "VALUE1", check: "Set" },
      { type: "input_value", name: "VALUE2", check: "Set" },
      {
        type: "field_dropdown",
        name: "SELECT",
        options: [
          ["并集", "union"],
          ["交集", "intersection"],
          ["差集", "difference"],
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    type: "set_operate_update",
    style: "set_blocks",
    helpUrl: "",
    tooltip: "",
    previousStatement: null,
    nextStatement: null,
    message0: "%{BKY_SET_OPERATE_UPDATE}",
    args0: [
      { type: "input_value", name: "VALUE1", check: "Set" },
      { type: "input_value", name: "VALUE2", check: "Set" },
      {
        type: "field_dropdown",
        name: "SELECT",
        options: [
          ["并集", "update"],
          ["交集", "intersection_update"],
          ["差集", "difference_update"],
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    type: "set_add_discard",
    style: "set_blocks",
    helpUrl: "",
    tooltip: "",
    inputsInline: true,
    previousStatement: null,
    nextStatement: null,
    message0: "%{BKY_SET_ADD_DISCARD}",
    args0: [
      { type: "input_value", name: "VALUE1", check: "Set" },
      {
        type: "field_dropdown",
        name: "SELECT",
        options: [
          ["添加", "add"],
          ["移除", "discard"],
        ],
      },
      { type: "input_value", name: "VALUE2", check: ["Number", "String"] },
    ],
  },
  {
    type: "set_update",
    style: "set_blocks",
    helpUrl: "",
    tooltip: "",
    inputsInline: true,
    previousStatement: null,
    nextStatement: null,
    message0: "%{BKY_SET_UPDATE}",
    args0: [
      { type: "input_value", name: "VALUE1", check: "Set" },
      { type: "input_value", name: "VALUE2", check: ["List", "String"] },
    ],
  },
  {
    type: "set_sub",
    style: "set_blocks",
    helpUrl: "",
    tooltip: "",
    output: "Boolean",
    message0: "%{BKY_SET_SUB}",
    args0: [
      { type: "input_value", name: "VALUE1", check: "Set" },
      { type: "input_value", name: "VALUE2", check: "Set" },
      {
        type: "field_dropdown",
        name: "SELECT",
        options: [
          ["子集", "issubset"],
          ["超集", "issuperset"],
        ],
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    type: "set_toset",
    style: "set_blocks",
    helpUrl: "",
    tooltip: "",
    output: "Set",
    message0: "%{BKY_SET_TOSET}",
    args0: [{ type: "input_value", name: "VALUE" }],
  },
])

/**
 * Type of a 'set_create_with' block.
 */
export type CreateWithBlock = Block & SetCreateWithMixin;
interface SetCreateWithMixin extends SetCreateWithMixinType {
  itemCount_: number;
};
type SetCreateWithMixinType = typeof SET_CREATE_WITH;
const SET_CREATE_WITH = {
  /**
   * Block for creating a set with any number of elements of any type.
   */
  init: function(this: CreateWithBlock) {
    this.setHelpUrl('');
    this.setStyle('set_blocks');
    this.itemCount_ = 3;
    this.updateShape_();
    this.setOutput(true, 'Set');
    this.setInputsInline(true);
    this.setMutator(
      new MutatorIcon(['set_create_with_item'], this as unknown as BlockSvg)
    )
    this.setTooltip('');
  },
  /**
   * Create XML to represent set inputs.
   * Backwards compatible serialization implementation.
   */
  mutationToDom: function(this: CreateWithBlock): Element {
    const container = xmlUtils.createElement('mutation');
    container.setAttribute('items', String(this.itemCount_));
    return container;
  },
  /**
   * Parse XML to restore the set inputs.
   * Backwards compatible serialization implementation.
   *
   * @param xmlElement XML storage element.
   */
  domToMutation: function(this: CreateWithBlock, xmlElement: Element) {
    const items = xmlElement.getAttribute('items');
    if (!items) throw new TypeError('element did not have items');
    this.itemCount_ = parseInt(items, 10)
    this.updateShape_();
  },
  /**
   * Returns the state of this block as a JSON serializable object.
   *
   * @returns The state of this block, ie the item count.
   */
  saveExtraState: function (this: CreateWithBlock): {itemCount: number} {
    return {
      'itemCount': this.itemCount_,
    };
  },
  /**
   * Applies the given state to this block.
   *
   * @param state The state to apply to this block, ie the item count.
   */
  loadExtraState: function (this: CreateWithBlock, state: AnyDuringMigration) {
    this.itemCount_ = state['itemCount'];
    this.updateShape_();
  },
  /**
   * Populate the mutator's dialog with this block's components.
   * 
   * @param workspace Mutator's workspace.
   * @returns Root block in mutator.
   */
  decompose: function(
    this: CreateWithBlock,
    workspace: Workspace,
  ): ContainerBlock {
    const containerBlock = workspace.newBlock(
      'set_create_with_container'
    ) as ContainerBlock;
    (containerBlock as BlockSvg).initSvg();
    let connection = containerBlock.getInput('STACK')!.connection;
    for (let i = 0; i < this.itemCount_; i++) {
      const itemBlock = workspace.newBlock(
        'set_create_with_item'
      ) as ItemBlock;
      (itemBlock as BlockSvg).initSvg();
      if (!itemBlock.previousConnection) {
        throw new Error('itemBlock has no previousConnection')
      }
      connection!.connect(itemBlock.previousConnection)
      connection = itemBlock.nextConnection;
    }
    return containerBlock;
  },
  /**
   * Reconfigure this block based on the mutator dialog's components.
   * 
   * @param containerBlock Root block in mutator.
   */
  compose: function(this: CreateWithBlock, containerBlock: Block) {
    let itemBlock: ItemBlock | null = containerBlock.getInputTargetBlock(
      'STACK'
    ) as ItemBlock;
    // Count number of inputs.
    const connections: Connection[] = [];
    while (itemBlock) {
      if (itemBlock.isInsertionMarker()) {
        itemBlock = itemBlock.getNextBlock() as ItemBlock | null;
        continue;
      }
      connections.push(itemBlock.valueConnection_ as Connection);
      itemBlock = itemBlock.getNextBlock() as ItemBlock | null;
    }
    // Disconnect any children that don't belong.
    for (let i = 0; i < this.itemCount_; i++) {
      const connection = this.getInput('ADD' + i)!.connection!.targetConnection;
      if (connection && !connections.includes(connection)) {
        connection.disconnect();
      }
    }
    this.itemCount_ = connections.length;
    this.updateShape_();
    // Reconnect any child blocks.
    for (let i = 0; i < this.itemCount_; i++) {
      connections[i]?.reconnect(this, 'ADD' + i)
    }
  },
  /**
   * Store pointers to any connected child blocks.
   *
   * @param containerBlock Root block in mutator.
   */
  saveConnections: function(this: CreateWithBlock, containerBlock: Block) {
    let itemBlock: ItemBlock | null = containerBlock.getInputTargetBlock(
      'STACK',
    ) as ItemBlock;
    let i = 0;
    while(itemBlock) {
      if (itemBlock.isInsertionMarker()) {
        itemBlock = itemBlock.getNextBlock() as ItemBlock | null;
        continue;
      }
      const input = this.getInput('ADD' + i);
      itemBlock.valueConnection_ = input?.connection!.targetConnection as Connection;
      itemBlock = itemBlock.getNextBlock() as ItemBlock | null;
      i++;
    }
  },
  /**
   * Modify this block to have the correct number of inputs.
   */
  updateShape_: function(this: CreateWithBlock) {
    if (this.itemCount_ && this.getInput('EMPTY')) {
      this.removeInput('EMPTY');
    } else if (!this.itemCount_ && ! this.getInput('EMPTY')) {
      this.appendDummyInput('EMPTY')
        .appendField(
          Msg['SET_CREATE_EMPTY_TITLE']
        );
    }
    // Add new inputs.
    for (let i = 0; i < this.itemCount_; i++) {
      if (!this.getInput('ADD' + i)) {
        const input = this.appendValueInput('ADD' + i).setAlign(Align.RIGHT);
        if (i === 0) {
          input.appendField(Msg['SET_CREATE_WITH_INPUT_WITH'])
        }
      }
    }
    // Remove deleted inputs.
    for (let i = this.itemCount_; this.getInput('ADD' + i); i++) {
      this.removeInput('ADD' + i);
    }
  }
};
blocks['set_create_with'] = SET_CREATE_WITH;

/** type for a 'set_creat_with_item' block. */
type ItemBlock = Block & ItemMutator
interface ItemMutator extends ItemMutatorType {
  valueConnection_?: Connection;
}
type ItemMutatorType = typeof SET_CREATE_WITH_ITEM
const SET_CREATE_WITH_ITEM = {
  /**
   * Mutator block for adding items.
   */
  init: function(this: ItemBlock) {
    this.setStyle('set_blocks');
    this.appendDummyInput()
      .appendField(Msg['SET_ELEMENT']);
    this.setPreviousStatement(true);
    this.setNextStatement(true);
    this.setTooltip('');
    this.contextMenu = false;
  }
}
blocks['set_create_with_item'] = SET_CREATE_WITH_ITEM;

/** Type for a 'set_create_with_container' block. */
type ContainerBlock = Block & ContainerMutator
interface ContainerMutator extends ContainerMutatorType {}
type ContainerMutatorType = typeof SET_CREATE_WITH_CONTAINER
const SET_CREATE_WITH_CONTAINER = {
  /**
   * Mutator block from set container.
   */
  init: function(this: ContainerBlock) {
    this.setStyle('set_blocks');
    this.appendDummyInput()
      .appendField(Msg['SET_CREATE_WITH_CONTAINER']);
    this.appendStatementInput('STACK');
    this.setTooltip('');
    this.contextMenu = false;
  }
}
blocks['set_create_with_container'] = SET_CREATE_WITH_CONTAINER;

defineBlocks(blocks);

至此集合积木已经完成，看一下效果图

三，构建python

1，涉及要修改得文件（python，set这个是要自己创建） 2，python文件引入set文件，并在export导出python代码

javascript 复制代码 
set文件代码

/**
 * @license
 * Copyright 2012 Google LLC
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 */

/**
 * @file Generating Python for set blocks.
 */

// Former goog.module ID: Blockly.Python.set
import type {Block} from '../../core/block.js';
import type {CreateWithBlock} from '../../blocks/set.js';
import type {PythonGenerator} from './python_generator.js';
import {Order} from './python_generator.js';

export function set_create_with(
  block: Block,
  generator: PythonGenerator,
): [string, Order] {
  // Create a set with any number of elements of any type.
  const createWithBlock = block as CreateWithBlock;
  const elements = new Array(createWithBlock.itemCount_);
  for (let i = 0; i < createWithBlock.itemCount_; i++) {
    elements[i] = generator.valueToCode(block, 'ADD' + i, Order.NONE) || '0';
  }
  let code = '{' + elements.join(', ') + '}'
  if (createWithBlock.itemCount_ == 0) code = 'set()'
  return [code, Order.COLLECTION]
}

export function set_len(block: Block, generator: PythonGenerator) : [string, Order] {
  let VALUE = generator.valueToCode(block, 'VALUE', Order.NONE) || '0';

  let code = `len(${VALUE})`
  return [code, Order.ATOMIC]
}

export function set_pop(block: Block, generator: PythonGenerator) : [string, Order] {
  let VALUE = generator.valueToCode(block, 'VALUE', Order.NONE) || '0';

  let code = `${VALUE}.pop()`
  return [code, Order.ATOMIC]
}

export function set_operate(block: Block, generator: PythonGenerator) : [string, Order] {
  let VALUE1 = generator.valueToCode(block, 'VALUE1', Order.NONE) || '0';
  let VALUE2 = generator.valueToCode(block, 'VALUE2', Order.NONE) || '0';
  let SELECT = block.getFieldValue('SELECT')

  let code = `${VALUE1}.${SELECT}(${VALUE2})`
  return [code, Order.ATOMIC]
}

export function set_operate_update(block: Block, generator: PythonGenerator)  {
  let VALUE1 = generator.valueToCode(block, 'VALUE1', Order.NONE) || '0';
  let VALUE2 = generator.valueToCode(block, 'VALUE2', Order.NONE) || '0';
  let SELECT = block.getFieldValue('SELECT')

  let code = `${VALUE1}.${SELECT}(${VALUE2})\n`
  return code
}

export function set_add_discard(block: Block, generator: PythonGenerator)  {
  let VALUE1 = generator.valueToCode(block, 'VALUE1', Order.NONE) || '0';
  let SELECT = block.getFieldValue('SELECT')
  let VALUE2 = generator.valueToCode(block, 'VALUE2', Order.NONE) || '0';

  let code = `${VALUE1}.${SELECT}(${VALUE2})\n`
  return code
}

export function set_update(block: Block, generator: PythonGenerator)  {
  let VALUE1 = generator.valueToCode(block, 'VALUE1', Order.NONE) || '0';
  let VALUE2 = generator.valueToCode(block, 'VALUE2', Order.NONE) || '0';

  let code = `${VALUE1}.update(${VALUE2})\n`
  return code
}

export function set_sub(block: Block, generator: PythonGenerator) : [string, Order] {
  let VALUE1 = generator.valueToCode(block, 'VALUE1', Order.NONE) || '0';
  let VALUE2 = generator.valueToCode(block, 'VALUE2', Order.NONE) || '0';
  let SELECT = block.getFieldValue('SELECT')

  let code = `${VALUE1}.${SELECT}(${VALUE2})`
  return [code, Order.ATOMIC]
}

export function set_toset(block: Block, generator: PythonGenerator) : [string, Order] {
  let VALUE = generator.valueToCode(block, 'VALUE', Order.NONE) || '0';

  return [`set(${VALUE})`, Order.ATOMIC]
}

至此元组python已经完成，看一下效果图 总结：开发blockly积木，最基本还是要对技术文档了解，这样开发起来会简单很多

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