Oracle11g一键巡检脚本（输出HTML格式）

刘子毅2025-11-02 16:23

一、Python脚本（完整代码）

python 复制代码 
import subprocess
import os
import socket
import re
import glob
import cx_Oracle
import argparse
from datetime import datetime

def parse_args():
    """解析命令行参数，支持灵活配置巡检参数"""
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Oracle数据库与服务器巡检脚本（Python版）")
    parser.add_argument("--db-host", required=True, help="数据库主机地址（如127.0.0.1）")
    parser.add_argument("--db-port", default=1521, type=int, help="数据库端口（默认1521）")
    parser.add_argument("--db-sid", required=True, help="Oracle SID（如orcl11g）")
    parser.add_argument("--db-user", default="sys", help="数据库用户名（默认sys）")
    parser.add_argument("--db-pwd", required=True, help="数据库密码")
    parser.add_argument("--html-output", default="./oracle_Healthcheck_{}.html", help="HTML报告输出路径（默认当前目录）")
    return parser.parse_args()

def get_server_info():
    """获取服务器层面信息：主机名、OS版本、存储、内存、CPU"""
    server_info = {}

    # 1. 主机名
    server_info["hostname"] = socket.gethostname()

    # 2. 操作系统版本（读取/etc/os-release）
    try:
        with open("/etc/os-release", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            for line in f:
                if line.startswith("PRETTY_NAME="):
                    server_info["os_version"] = line.strip().split('"')[1]
                    break
    except Exception as e:
        server_info["os_version"] = f"获取失败：{str(e)}"

    # 3. 根目录存储使用情况（df -h /）
    try:
        df_result = subprocess.check_output(["df", "-h", "/"], stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, text=True)
        # 提取关键行（排除标题行）
        df_line = [line for line in df_result.splitlines() if line.endswith("/")][0]
        df_parts = df_line.split()
        server_info["storage"] = f"Disk Usage: {df_parts[2]}/{df_parts[1]} ({df_parts[4]})"
    except Exception as e:
        server_info["storage"] = f"获取失败：{str(e)}"

    # 4. 内存使用情况（free -h）
    try:
        free_result = subprocess.check_output(["free", "-h"], stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, text=True)
        free_line = free_result.splitlines()[1]  # 第二行为内存详情
        free_parts = free_line.split()
        total_mem = free_parts[1]
        used_mem = free_parts[2]
        # 修正原bash脚本的计算错误（原$3*0.1/$2逻辑错误，改为实际使用率）
        used_percent = (float(free_parts[2].replace("G", "")) / float(total_mem.replace("G", ""))) * 100
        server_info["memory"] = f"Total Memory: {total_mem}, Used Memory: {used_mem}, Memory Usage: {used_percent:.2f}%"
    except Exception as e:
        server_info["memory"] = f"获取失败：{str(e)}"

    # 5. CPU使用率（top -bn1 提取用户+系统CPU）
    try:
        top_result = subprocess.check_output(["top", "-bn1"], stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, text=True)
        cpu_line = [line for line in top_result.splitlines() if line.startswith("Cpu(s)")][0]
        cpu_parts = re.findall(r"\d+\.\d+", cpu_line)
        user_cpu = float(cpu_parts[0])
        sys_cpu = float(cpu_parts[2])
        server_info["cpu"] = f"{user_cpu + sys_cpu:.1f}%"
    except Exception as e:
        server_info["cpu"] = f"获取失败：{str(e)}"

    return server_info

def get_db_info(db_host, db_port, db_sid, db_user, db_pwd):
    """获取数据库层面信息，返回字典格式"""
    db_info = {}
    dsn = cx_Oracle.makedsn(db_host, db_port, sid=db_sid)
    conn = None

    try:
        # 以SYSDBA权限连接数据库
        conn = cx_Oracle.connect(user=db_user, password=db_pwd, dsn=dsn, mode=cx_Oracle.SYSDBA)
        cursor = conn.cursor()

        # 1. 数据库异常日志（最后200行含ERROR的内容）
        log_path = f"/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/{db_sid}/{db_sid}/trace/*.log"
        error_logs = []
        for log_file in glob.glob(log_path):
            try:
                # 读取文件最后200行
                with open(log_file, "r", encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore") as f:
                    lines = f.readlines()[-200:]
                    # 筛选含ERROR/WARNING的行
                    for line in lines:
                        if re.search(r"error|warning", line, re.IGNORECASE):
                            error_logs.append(f"[{os.path.basename(log_file)}] {line.strip()}")
            except Exception as e:
                error_logs.append(f"读取{os.path.basename(log_file)}失败：{str(e)}")
        db_info["error_logs"] = "\n".join(error_logs) if error_logs else "无报错信息"

        # 2. 数据库备份情况（近1天的备份）
        backup_sql = """
            SELECT fname backup_file_name, status, device_type, completion_time backup_finish_time
            FROM v$backup_files
            WHERE file_type = 'PIECE' AND bs_completion_time > SYSDATE - 1
        """
        cursor.execute(backup_sql)
        backup_rows = cursor.fetchall()
        backup_header = "BACKUP_FILE_NAME | STATUS | DEVICE_TYPE | BACKUP_FINISH_TIME\n"
        backup_header += "-" * 80 + "\n"
        backup_content = backup_header + "\n".join([f"{row[0]} | {row[1]} | {row[2]} | {row[3]}" for row in backup_rows])
        db_info["backups"] = backup_content if backup_rows else "近1天无备份记录"

        # 3. 异常计划任务（近2天未成功的任务）
        task_sql = """
            SELECT job_name, job_status, job_start_time
            FROM dba_autotask_job_history
            WHERE job_start_time > SYSDATE - 2 AND job_status != 'SUCCEEDED'
        """
        cursor.execute(task_sql)
        task_rows = cursor.fetchall()
        task_content = "\n".join([f"任务名：{row[0]} | 状态：{row[1]} | 开始时间：{row[2]}" for row in task_rows])
        db_info["abnormal_tasks"] = task_content if task_rows else "近2天无异常任务"

        # 4. 数据库活动会话
        session_sql = """
            SELECT vs.username, COUNT(*) active_session
            FROM v$session vs
            WHERE vs.status = 'ACTIVE'
            GROUP BY vs.username
        """
        cursor.execute(session_sql)
        session_rows = cursor.fetchall()
        session_content = "\n".join([f"用户名：{row[0]} | 活动会话数：{row[1]}" for row in session_rows])
        db_info["active_sessions"] = session_content if session_rows else "无活动会话"

        # 5. 近1天归档日志数量
        archive_sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM v$archived_log WHERE first_time > SYSDATE - 1"
        cursor.execute(archive_sql)
        db_info["archive_count"] = str(cursor.fetchone()[0])

        # 6. 表空间使用率
        tablespace_sql = """
            SELECT df.tablespace_name, ROUND((df.bytes - NVL(free.bytes, 0))/df.bytes*100, 2) used_percent
            FROM (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes) bytes FROM dba_data_files GROUP BY tablespace_name) df
            LEFT JOIN (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes) bytes FROM dba_free_space GROUP BY tablespace_name) free
            ON df.tablespace_name = free.tablespace_name
        """
        cursor.execute(tablespace_sql)
        ts_rows = cursor.fetchall()
        ts_content = "\n".join([f"表空间：{row[0]} | 使用率：{row[1]}%" for row in ts_rows])
        db_info["tablespace_usage"] = ts_content

        # 7. 异常状态用户（近30天锁定/7天内过期）
        user_sql = """
            SELECT username, lock_date, expiry_date
            FROM dba_users
            WHERE account_status != 'OPEN'
              AND created >= (SELECT TRUNC(created) FROM dba_users WHERE username = 'SYS') + 0.99999
              AND (lock_date >= SYSDATE - 30 OR (expiry_date BETWEEN SYSDATE -7 AND SYSDATE +7))
            ORDER BY created
        """
        cursor.execute(user_sql)
        user_rows = cursor.fetchall()
        user_content = "\n".join([f"用户名：{row[0]} | 锁定时间：{row[1]} | 过期时间：{row[2]}" for row in user_rows])
        db_info["abnormal_users"] = user_content if user_rows else "无异常状态用户"

        # 8. 归档日志开启状态（log_archive_start参数）
        archive_status_sql = "SELECT value FROM v$parameter WHERE name = 'log_archive_start'"
        cursor.execute(archive_status_sql)
        db_info["archive_status"] = cursor.fetchone()[0].strip()

        # 9. 闪回区大小（转换为GB，增强可读性）
        flashback_sql = "SELECT value FROM v$parameter WHERE name = 'db_recovery_file_dest_size'"
        cursor.execute(flashback_sql)
        flashback_bytes = int(cursor.fetchone()[0])
        flashback_gb = flashback_bytes / (1024 ** 3)  # 字节转GB
        db_info["flashback_size"] = f"{flashback_gb:.2f} GB"

        # 10. 锁表数量
        lock_sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM v$lock GROUP BY DECODE(request, 0, 'held', 'waiting')"
        cursor.execute(lock_sql)
        lock_count = len(cursor.fetchall())
        db_info["lock_count"] = str(lock_count)

    except cx_Oracle.Error as e:
        # 捕获Oracle数据库错误
        db_info["db_error"] = f"数据库连接/查询失败：{str(e)}"
    except Exception as e:
        db_info["db_error"] = f"未知错误：{str(e)}"
    finally:
        if conn:
            conn.close()

    return db_info

def generate_html_report(server_info, db_info, db_sid, output_path):
    """生成HTML巡检报告"""
    current_time = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    html_content = f"""
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Oracle 健康巡检报告 - {db_sid}</title>
    <style>
        body {{ font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 20px; }}
        h1, h2 {{ color: #333; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 5px; }}
        table {{ width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 15px 0; }}
        th, td {{ border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left; }}
        th {{ background-color: #f5f5f5; }}
        pre {{ background-color: #f8f8f8; padding: 10px; border-radius: 4px; overflow-x: auto; }}
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>XXXX项目</h1>
    <h2>Oracle 健康巡检报告 - {db_sid}</h2>
    <p>巡检时间：{current_time} &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 巡检人员：zhh</p>

    <!-- 服务器层面巡检 -->
    <h2>一、服务器层面巡检</h2>
    <table>
        <tr><th>巡检项</th><th>结果</th></tr>
        <tr><td>主机名</td><td>{server_info['hostname']}</td></tr>
        <tr><td>操作系统版本</td><td>{server_info['os_version']}</td></tr>
        <tr><td>根目录存储使用情况</td><td>{server_info['storage']}</td></tr>
        <tr><td>内存使用情况</td><td>{server_info['memory']}</td></tr>
        <tr><td>CPU使用率</td><td>{server_info['cpu']}</td></tr>
    </table>

    <!-- 数据库层面巡检 -->
    <h2>二、数据库层面巡检（{db_sid}）</h2>
    <table>
        <tr><th>巡检项</th><th>查询逻辑</th><th>结果</th></tr>
"""

    # 数据库巡检项拼接（处理可能的连接错误）
    if "db_error" in db_info:
        html_content += f"""
        <tr><td colspan="3" style="color: red;">{db_info['db_error']}</td></tr>
"""
    else:
        db_items = [
            ("数据库异常日志", "tail 日志文件最后200行 + 筛选ERROR/WARNING", f"<pre>{db_info['error_logs']}</pre>"),
            ("近1天备份情况", "查询v$backup_files", f"<pre>{db_info['backups']}</pre>"),
            ("近2天异常计划任务", "查询dba_autotask_job_history", f"<pre>{db_info['abnormal_tasks']}</pre>"),
            ("活动会话", "查询v$session（STATUS='ACTIVE'）", f"<pre>{db_info['active_sessions']}</pre>"),
            ("近1天归档日志数量", "查询v$archived_log", db_info['archive_count']),
            ("表空间使用率", "dba_data_files + dba_free_space计算", f"<pre>{db_info['tablespace_usage']}</pre>"),
            ("异常状态用户", "查询dba_users（锁定/过期）", f"<pre>{db_info['abnormal_users']}</pre>"),
            ("归档日志开启状态", "查询v$parameter（log_archive_start）", db_info['archive_status']),
            ("闪回区大小", "查询v$parameter（db_recovery_file_dest_size）", db_info['flashback_size']),
            ("锁表分组数量", "查询v$lock分组统计", db_info['lock_count'])
        ]
        for item_name, logic, result in db_items:
            html_content += f"""
        <tr><td>{item_name}</td><td>{logic}</td><td>{result}</td></tr>
"""

    # HTML尾部
    html_content += """
    </table>
</body>
</html>
"""

    # 写入HTML文件
    final_output = output_path.format(db_sid)
    with open(final_output, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        f.write(html_content)
    print(f"巡检报告已生成：{final_output}")

def main():
    # 解析参数
    args = parse_args()
    # 设置Oracle客户端环境（根据实际环境调整，若已配置可注释）
    os.environ["LD_LIBRARY_PATH"] = "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib"  # 示例路径

    # 1. 获取服务器信息
    print("正在获取服务器信息...")
    server_info = get_server_info()

    # 2. 获取数据库信息
    print("正在获取数据库信息...")
    db_info = get_db_info(
        db_host=args.db_host,
        db_port=args.db_port,
        db_sid=args.db_sid,
        db_user=args.db_user,
        db_pwd=args.db_pwd
    )

    # 3. 生成HTML报告
    print("正在生成HTML报告...")
    generate_html_report(server_info, db_info, args.db_sid, args.html_output)
    print("巡检完成！")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

二、使用前准备

  1. 安装依赖库

    bash 复制代码 
    # 安装cx_Oracle（用于Oracle数据库连接）
pip install cx_Oracle

  2. 配置Oracle客户端

    • 若服务器未安装Oracle数据库，需单独安装Oracle Instant Client（轻量级客户端）。
    • 设置环境变量LD_LIBRARY_PATH指向客户端库路径（脚本中已包含示例，需根据实际路径调整）。

  3. 权限要求

    • 执行脚本的用户需具备：
      • 读取服务器文件权限（/etc/os-release、Oracle日志文件）。
      • 执行系统命令权限（df、free、top）。
      • Oracle数据库SYSDBA权限（用于查询系统视图）。

三、执行命令示例

bash 复制代码 
python oracle_healthcheck.py \
  --db-host 192.168.1.100 \
  --db-port 1521 \
  --db-sid orcl11g \
  --db-user sys \
  --db-pwd YourSysPassword \
  --html-output ./oracle_report_{}.html
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