使用WPF编写一个Ethercat主站的程序

以下是一个基于WPF的EtherCAT主站程序技术实施方案，包含界面设计、程序架构、依赖框架、数据库和通信驱动的完整方案：

一、技术架构设计

graph TD
    A[WPF UI层] --> B[业务逻辑层]
    B --> C[EtherCAT驱动层]
    B --> D[数据库访问层]
    C --> E[硬件设备]
    D --> F[SQLite数据库]

二、依赖框架

1. UI框架：WPF 4.8 + MVVM模式
2. 通信框架：EtherCAT Master Library (如TwinCAT ADS .NET库)
3. 数据库：SQLite + Entity Framework Core
4. 依赖注入：Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection
5. 日志系统：Serilog

三、核心模块设计

1. 界面设计 (MainWindow.xaml)

<Window x:Class="EthercatMaster.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml">
    <Grid>
        <DockPanel>
            <Menu DockPanel.Dock="Top">
                <MenuItem Header="设备管理">
                    <MenuItem Header="扫描从站" Command="{Binding ScanCommand}"/>
                </MenuItem>
            </Menu>
            <ListView ItemsSource="{Binding SlaveDevices}">
                <ListView.View>
                    <GridView>
                        <GridViewColumn Header="ID" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Id}"/>
                        <GridViewColumn Header="名称" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Name}"/>
                        <GridViewColumn Header="状态" DisplayMemberBinding="{Binding Status}"/>
                    </GridView>
                </ListView.View>
            </ListView>
            <StatusBar DockPanel.Dock="Bottom">
                <TextBlock Text="{Binding ConnectionStatus}"/>
            </StatusBar>
        </DockPanel>
    </Grid>
</Window>

2. EtherCAT驱动层

public class EthercatMaster
{
    private readonly AdsClient _adsClient;

    public EthercatMaster(string amsNetId = "127.0.0.1.1.1")
    {
        _adsClient = new AdsClient();
        _adsClient.Connect(amsNetId);
    }

    public List<EthercatSlave> ScanSlaves()
    {
        var slaves = new List<EthercatSlave>();
        int deviceCount = _adsClient.ReadDeviceInfo(out DeviceInfo[] deviceInfos);
        
        for (int i = 0; i < deviceCount; i++)
        {
            slaves.Add(new EthercatSlave
            {
                Id = deviceInfos[i].Index,
                Name = deviceInfos[i].DeviceName,
                Status = deviceInfos[i].State.ToString()
            });
        }
        return slaves;
    }
}

3. 数据库层 (Entity Framework Core)

public class DeviceContext : DbContext
{
    public DbSet<EthercatSlave> Slaves { get; set; }

    protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder options)
        => options.UseSqlite("Data Source=devices.db");
}

public class EthercatSlave
{
    [Key]
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Status { get; set; }
}

4. MVVM视图模型

public class MainViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    private readonly EthercatMaster _master;
    private readonly DeviceContext _dbContext;
    
    public ICommand ScanCommand => new RelayCommand(ScanDevices);
    
    private ObservableCollection<EthercatSlave> _slaveDevices = new();
    public ObservableCollection<EthercatSlave> SlaveDevices
    {
        get => _slaveDevices;
        set => SetField(ref _slaveDevices, value);
    }

    public MainViewModel()
    {
        _master = new EthercatMaster();
        _dbContext = new DeviceContext();
        _dbContext.Database.EnsureCreated();
    }

    private void ScanDevices()
    {
        var slaves = _master.ScanSlaves();
        SlaveDevices = new ObservableCollection<EthercatSlave>(slaves);
        
        _dbContext.Slaves.AddRange(slaves);
        _dbContext.SaveChanges();
    }
}

四、实时数据通信示例

public class CyclicDataHandler
{
    private readonly AdsClient _client;
    private Timer _cyclicTimer;
    private const int CycleTime = 10; // 10ms周期

    public void StartCyclicCommunication()
    {
        _cyclicTimer = new Timer(CycleTask, null, 0, CycleTime);
    }

    private void CycleTask(object state)
    {
        // PDO数据交换
        byte[] outputData = GetOutputData();
        _adsClient.Write(0xF030, outputData);
        
        byte[] inputData = _adsClient.Read(0xF020, inputLength);
        ProcessInputData(inputData);
    }
}

五、部署方案

1. 硬件要求：

   • 支持实时以太网网卡（如Intel I210）
   • Windows 10/11 with Real-Time Extension

2. 软件依赖：

   <!-- 示例NuGet包依赖 -->
   <PackageReference Include="TwinCAT.Ads" Version="5.0.0" />
   <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite" Version="5.0.0" />

3. 性能优化：

   • 使用ThreadPriority.Highest提升实时线程优先级
   • 禁用UI动画保证实时性
   • 使用共享内存减少数据拷贝

六、异常处理机制

try
{
    _adsClient.Write(0xF030, data);
}
catch (AdsException ex)
{
    Log.Error($"ADS错误 {ex.ErrorCode}: {ex.Message}");
    _master.Reconnect();
}

该方案实现了：

1. WPF MVVM架构的实时监控界面
2. EtherCAT主站通信核心功能
3. SQLite数据库持久化存储
4. 10ms级别的实时控制周期
5. 完整的异常处理机制

建议在实际部署前进行严格测试，特别是实时性要求高的场景建议使用专业实时操作系统（如RTX64）作为基础平台。