Title:
Maat: Analyzing and Optimizing Overcharge on Blockchain Storage
Maat：分析和优化区块链存储的超额收费
Authors:****
Key words:
permissioned
许可区块链
Abstract:****
Blockchain, such as Ethereum, relies on a transaction fee mechanism (TFM) to allocate the costs of on-chain resources, including storage, network, and computation. However, the inconsistency between the transaction fee and the storage workload results in overcharging issues for users.
In this paper, we present Maat, a tool designed to address these overcharging issues on blockchain storage. Maat employs three key techniques: (i) Fine-grained data collection, which captures detailed information on gas fees at the storage operation level (i.e., the operations interact with blockchain storage), enabling precise tracking of resource usage and charges for identifying overcharges; (ii) Consensus-oriented optimizations, which ensure that fee optimizations are consistent across all blockchain nodes by analyzing high-level storage semantics (e.g., accessing account and slot) of storage operations; and (iii) Resource pre-allocation, which ensures storage operation consistent across heterogeneous nodes and clients via preemptively specifying and allocating necessary resources. Extensive evaluations of Maat on Ethereum reveal a 32% reduction in transaction fees, amounting to 5.6M USD in weekly savings and nearly outperforming the baseline by nearly three times. Additionally, Maat achieves optimizations with a minimal performance overhead of 1.4% in block processing time and a 5.6% increase in memory consumption. Finally, Maat demonstrates its scalability, yielding a 31% reduction in transaction fees on Binance Smart Chain (1.54M USD per week).
以以太坊为代表的区块链依赖于交易费用机制（TFM）来分配链上资源的成本，包括存储、网络和计算。然而，交易费用与存储负载之间的不一致性会导致用户被收取过高的费用。
本文提出了一种名为Maat的工具，旨在解决区块链存储的这些过高费用问题。Maat采用了三项关键技术：（i）细粒度数据采集，用于捕获存储操作层面（即与区块链存储交互的操作）的gas费用详细信息，从而能够精确跟踪资源使用情况和费用，以识别过高费用；（ii）面向共识的优化，通过分析存储操作的高级存储语义（例如，访问账户和槽位），确保所有区块链节点的费用优化保持一致；（iii）资源预分配，通过预先指定和分配必要的资源，确保异构节点和客户端之间的存储操作保持一致。对以太坊上的 Maat 进行广泛评估后发现，其交易费用降低了 32%，每周可节省 560 万美元，性能几乎是基准方案的三倍。此外，Maat 的优化仅带来了 1.4% 的区块处理时间和 5.6% 的内存消耗增加，性能开销极低。最后，Maat 还展现了其良好的可扩展性，在币安智能链上实现了 31% 的交易费用降低（每周节省 154 万美元）。
Pdf下载链接: