蓝牙(BLE)射频测试(BQB RFPHY)

Wireless_Link2025-12-06 19:32

经典蓝牙的射频测试文档在https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/specs/core-specification-6-0/

Radio Frequency Physical Layer (RFPHY) Revision: RFPHY.TS.p22

这个就是默认对应Core spec BLE Controller章节的PHYSICAL LAYER Specification.

The Bluetooth low energy system uses center frequencies 2402 + n*2 MHz, where n = 0,1,2...39. The total number of communication frequencies is 40.
A Bluetooth low energy system supporting Channel Sounding uses 72 RF channels for CS exchanges.These RF channels have center frequencies at 2402 + k*1 MHz, where k is an integer from 2 to 22 and 26 to 76.

Default Frequencies

Channel Sounding Default Frequencies

一. Transmitter tests (TRM)

1. output power

检测正常工作条件下发射机的最大的峰值和平均功率。

规范定义的测试条件

  • EUT 处于 direct testmode（关闭白噪声）， PRBS9 比特类型，非跳频
  • 分别在低、中、高三频点上测量(Channel 0, Channel 19, Channel 39)

|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------|-----------------|--------------------|
| Test Case | P AVG Requirements | Symbol Rate | Payload Length |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-01-C [Output power, 1 Ms/s] | -20 dBm ≤ PAVG ≤ +10 dBm | 1 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-18-C [Output power, Class 1,1 Ms/s] | +10 dBm < PAVG ≤ +20 dBm | 1 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-19-C [Output power, 2 Ms/s] | -20 dBm ≤ PAVG ≤ +10 dBm | 2 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH_2M |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-20-C [Output power, Class 1,2 Ms/s] | +10 dBm < PAVG ≤ +20 dBm | 2 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH_2M |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-15-C [Output power, With Constant Tone Extension, 1 Ms/s] | -20 dBm ≤ PAVG ≤ +10 dBm | 1 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-21-C [Output power, With Constant Tone Extension, Class1,1 Ms/s] | +10 dBm < PAVG ≤ +20 dBm | 1 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-22-C [Output power, With Constant Tone Extension, 2 Ms/s] | -20 dBm ≤ PAVG ≤ +10 dBm | 2 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH_2M |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-23-C [Output power, With Constant Tone Extension, Class1,2 Ms/s] | +10 dBm < PAVG ≤ +20 dBm | 2 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH_2M |

在蓝牙spec中的标准是：

2. In-band emissions

分别检测 1Ms/s 和 2Ms/s 未编码数据， 在正常工作条件下带内频谱辐射。 也就是我说的带内杂散。所谓带内杂散，即在设备工作信道内，除主要通信信道外，设备的输出功率需降至不会干扰其他信道的通信

规范定义的测试条件:

  • EUT 处于 direct testmode（关闭白噪声）， PRBS9 比特类型，非跳频
  • EUT 分别处于 1Ms/s 和 2Ms/s 速率下。
  • 分别在低、中、高三频点上测量(Channel 2, Channel 19, Channel 37)

|-----------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------|------------------|
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-03-C [In-band emissions, uncoded data at 1 Ms/s] | PTX ≤ -20 dBm for (fTX  2 MHz) PTX ≤ -30 dBm for (fTX  [3 + n] MHz])* | fTX fTX - 1MHz, fTX + 1MHz | 1 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-08-C [In-band emissions at 2 Ms/s] | PTX ≤ -20 dBm for (fTX  4 MHz) PTX ≤ -20 dBm for (fTX  5 MHz) PTX ≤ -30 dBm for (fTX  [6 + n] MHz])* | fTX fTX - 1MHz, fTX + 1MHz fTX - 2MHz, fTX + 2MHz fTX - 3MHz, fTX + 3MHz | 2 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH_2M |

3. Modulation characteristics

分别检测 1Ms/s 和 2Ms/s 未编码数据的发射信号调制特性是否正确。

规范定义的测试条件：

  • EUT 分别处于 1Ms/s 和 2Ms/s 速率下，进行 2~4 步骤的操作
  • EUT 处于 direct testmode（关闭白噪声），比特类型 11110000，非跳频，得到Δ f1avg
  • 比特类型设为 10101010，得到Δ f2 99.9%和Δ f2avg
  • 分别在低、中、高三频点上测量(Channel 0, Channel 19, Channel 39)

|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------|------------------------|
| Test Case | f1 avg Requirements | Symbol Rate | Payload Length |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-05-C [Modulation Characteristics, uncoded data at 1 Ms/s] | 225 kHz ≤ f1avg ≤ 275 kHz | 1 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-09-C [Stable Modulation Characteristics, uncoded data at 1 Ms/s] | 247.5 kHz ≤ ∆f1avg ≤ 252.5 kHz | 1 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-10-C [Modulation Characteristics at 2 Ms/s] | 450 kHz ≤∆f1avg ≤ 550 kHz | 2 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH_2M |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-11-C [Stable Modulation Characteristics at 2 Ms/s] | 495 kHz ≤ ∆f1avg ≤ 505 kHz | 2 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH_2M |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-13-C [Modulation Characteristics, LE Coded (S=8)] | 225 kHz ≤ f1avg ≤ 275 kHz 99.9% of all ∆f1max frequency values recorded over 10 LE test packets are greater than 185 kHz | 1 Ms/s coded S=8 | MAX_TX_LENGTH_CODED_S8 |

4. Carrier frequency offset and drift

分别检测 1Ms/s 和 2Ms/s 未编码数据，在正常工作条件下发射信号的载波频率偏移和频率漂移是

否满足规范要求。

规范定义的测试条件：

  • EUT 处于 direct testmode（关闭白噪声），比特类型 10101010，非跳频
  • EUT 分别处于 1Ms/s 和 2Ms/s 速率下
  • 分别在低、中、高三频点上测量(Channel 0, Channel 19, Channel 39

|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------|------------------|------------------------|
| Test Case | Drift Requirement Limits | Symbol Rate | Payload Length |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-06- C [Carrier frequency offset and drift, uncoded data at 1 Ms/s] | |f1-f0| ≤ 23 kHz |fn -- fn-5|n=6, 7, 8...k ≤ 20 kHz | 1 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-12- C [Carrier frequency offset and drift at 2 Ms/s] | |f1-f0| ≤ 13.3 kHz |fn -- fn-5|n=6, 7, 8...k ≤ 20 kHz | 2 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH_2M |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-14- C [Carrier frequency offset and drift, LE Coded (S=8)] | |f0-f3| ≤ 19.2 kHz |fn -- fn-3|n=7, 8, 9...k ≤ 19.2 kHz | 1 Ms/s coded S=8 | MAX_TX_LENGTH_CODED_S8 |

The deviation of the center frequency during the packet shall not exceed ±150 kHz,

including both the initial frequency offset and drift. The frequency drift during any packet

shall be less than 50 kHz. The drift rate shall be less than 400 Hz/µs.

5. Carrier frequency offset and drift, Constant Tone Extension

|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|--------------------|
| Test Case | Drift Requirement Limits | Symbol Rate | Payload Length |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-16-C [Carrier frequency offset and drift, uncoded data at 1 Ms/s, Constant Tone Extension] | |fs1 -- fp| ≤ 19.2 kHz |fsi -- f0|i=1,2,3,4...k ≤ 50 kHz |fsi -- fsi-3|i=4...k ≤ 19.2 kHz | 1 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH |
| RFPHY/TRM/BV-17-C [Carrier frequency offset and drift at 2 Ms/s, Constant Tone Extension] | |fs1 -- fp| ≤ 13.6 kHz |fsi -- f0|i=1,2,3,4...k ≤ 50 kHz |fsi -- fsi-3|i=4...k ≤ 19.2 kHz | 2 Ms/s | MAX_TX_LENGTH_2M |

二. Receiver tests (RCV)

1. Receiver sensitivity

分别检测接收机在正常工作条件下接收 1Ms/s， 2Ms/s 未编码和 Long range（S=2， S=8） 非理想

信号的灵敏度。

规范定义的测试条件：

  • EUT 处于 direct testmode（关闭白噪声）， PRBS9 比特类型，非跳频 ，打开 dirty TX
  • EUT 分别处于 1Ms/s， 2Ms/s 未编码和 Long range（S=2， S=8）状态， CMW 发送的测试信号
    功率按照不同项目分别为， 4.7.1 和 4.7.7 为 -70 dBm， 4.7.25 为-75 dBm， 4.7.26 为-82 dBm
  • 分别在低、中、高三频点上测量(Channel 0, Channel 19, Channel 39)

|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------|---------------------|---------------------|------------------------|
| Test Case | Modulation | Input Power | Symbol Rate | Payload Length |
| RFPHY/RCV/BV-01-C [Receiver sensitivity, uncoded data at 1 Ms/s] | Standard | -70 dBm | 1 Ms/s | MAX_RX_LENGTH |
| RFPHY/RCV/BV-08-C [Receiver sensitivity at 2 Ms/s] | Standard | -70 dBm | 2 Ms/s | MAX_RX_LENGTH_2M |
| RFPHY/RCV/BV-14-C [Receiver Sensitivity, uncoded data at 1 Ms/s, Stable Modulation Index] | Stable | -70 dBm | 1 Ms/s | MAX_RX_LENGTH |
| RFPHY/RCV/BV-20-C [Receiver sensitivity at 2 Ms/s, Stable Modulation Index] | Stable | -70 dBm | 2 Ms/s | MAX_RX_LENGTH_2M |
| RFPHY/RCV/BV-26-C [Receiver sensitivity, LE Coded (S=2)] | Standard | -75 dBm | 1 Ms/s coded S=2 | MAX_RX_LENGTH_CODED_S2 |
| RFPHY/RCV/BV-27-C [Receiver sensitivity, LE Coded (S=8)] | Standard | -82 dBm | 1 Ms/s coded S=8 | MAX_RX_LENGTH_CODED_S8 |
| RFPHY/RCV/BV-32-C [Receiver sensitivity, LE Coded (S=2), Stable Modulation Index] | Stable | -75 dBm | 1 Ms/s coded S=2 | MAX_RX_LENGTH_CODED_S2 |
| RFPHY/RCV/BV-33-C [Receiver sensitivity, LE Coded (S=8), Stable Modulation Index] | Stable | -82 dBm | 1 Ms/s coded S=8 | MAX_RX_LENGTH_CODED_S8 |

PER better than 30.8% for a minimum of 1500packets transmitted by the Lower Tester if the IUT's Payload Length is 37 bytes.

2. Maximum input signal level

分别检测接收机在正常工作条件下接收解调 1Ms/s， 2Ms/s 未编码数据的大功率有用信号的能力。

规范定义的测试条件：

  • EUT 处于 direct testmode（关闭白噪声）， PRBS9 比特类型，非跳频
  • EUT 分别处于 1Ms/s， 2Ms/s 未编码状态， CMW 发送的测试信号功率为 -10 dBm
  • 分别在低、中、高三频点上测量(Channel 0, Channel 19, Channel 39)
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