Oracle 19c RAC ASM 密码文件恢复方方案二：基于密码文件备份还原
简介
问题描述：在Oracle19cRAC中启动CRS服务，其中一个节点的ASM实例无法自动启动，需要手动执行startup命令，且启动实例后集群服务正常。
这种情况就有可能是ASM密码文件错误造成的，当ASM的密码文件丢失、损坏，或手动更替后，就会出现这种问题。
为解决这个错误，我将通过四个测试，介绍四种不同的恢复ASM密码文件的方法。
1、通过asmcmd --nocp credfix命令恢复。
2、通过密码文件备份恢复。
3、没有密码文件备份，同时版本低于19.8，通过升级补丁后执行asmcmd --nocp credfix命令恢复。
4、直接创建密码文件恢复
测试二：
通过ASM密码文件备份恢复ASM密码文件。
测试环境：
Oracle19c双节点RAC集群
rac1 节点一
rac2 节点二
适用场景：
有 ASM 密码文件的备份
密码文件丢失或损坏，但密码文件备份可用
适用于所有 19c 版本
修复方法：
将ASM密码文件备份恢复到原位。
1.查看集群状态和配置
bash
[grid@rac1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.chad
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 ONLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.DATANEW.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.DG_DATA.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.DG_FRA.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.DG_OCR.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.asm(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Started,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Started,STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.asmnet1.asmnetwork(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.emrep.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
racle/product/19.3.0
/dbhome_1,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
racle/product/19.3.0
/dbhome_1,STABLE
ora.qosmserver
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bash
asmcmd pwget --asm
+DG_OCR/orapwasm
bash
[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmcmd lspwusr
Username sysdba sysoper sysasm
SYS TRUE TRUE TRUE
CRSUSER__ASM_005 TRUE FALSE TRUE
ASMSNMP TRUE FALSE FALSE
ORACLE_148 TRUE FALSE FALSE 2.备份ASM密码文件
bash
[grid@rac1 12_02]$ asmcmd pwcopy +DG_OCR/orapwasm /home/grid/backup/12_02/orapw
asm.bak
copying +DG_OCR/orapwasm -> /home/grid/backup/12_02/orapwasm.bak
[grid@rac1 12_02]$ ll
total 24
-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 21504 Dec 2 15:16 orapwasm.bak3.破坏ASM密码文件，模拟故障
bash
ASMCMD> rm -rf +DG_OCR/orapwasm4.重启CRS观察异常状况
所有节点重启CRS
bash
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl stop crs
[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl stop crs
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl start crs
[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl start crs节点一
bash
[grid@rac1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.chad
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE OFFLINE STABLE
3 ONLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.DATANEW.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.DG_DATA.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.DG_FRA.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.DG_OCR.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.asm(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Started,STABLE
2 ONLINE OFFLINE STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.asmnet1.asmnetwork(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE OFFLINE STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.emrep.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
racle/product/19.3.0
/dbhome_1,STABLE
2 ONLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.qosmserver
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac2.vip
1 ONLINE INTERMEDIATE rac1 FAILED OVER,STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------节点二
bash
[grid@rac2 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
CRS-4535: Cannot communicate with Cluster Ready Services
CRS-4000: Command Status failed, or completed with errors.
[grid@rac2 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t -init
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.asm
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.cluster_interconnect.haip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.crf
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.crsd
1 ONLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.cssdmonitor
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.ctssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 OBSERVER,STABLE
ora.diskmon
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.gipcd
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.gpnpd
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.mdnsd
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.storage
1 ONLINE OFFLINE rac2 STARTING
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------5.手动启动ASM实例
bash
[grid@rac2 ~]$ !sql
sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Dec 2 15:28:59 2025
Version 19.16.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2022, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 1137173320 bytes
Fixed Size 8905544 bytes
Variable Size 1103101952 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted6.还原备份的ASM密码文件
将备份复制回密码文件的路径
bash
[grid@rac1 12_02]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> cp /home/grid/backup/12_02/orapwasm.bak +dg_ocr/orapwasm
copying /home/grid/backup/12_02/orapwasm.bak -> +dg_ocr/orapwasm查看用户凭证状态
bash
[grid@rac1 12_02]$ asmcmd lspwusr
Username sysdba sysoper sysasm
SYS TRUE TRUE TRUE
CRSUSER__ASM_005 TRUE FALSE TRUE
ASMSNMP TRUE FALSE FALSE
ORACLE_148 TRUE FALSE FALSE7.重启CRS验证恢复
所有节点重启CRS
bash
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl stop crs
[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl stop crs
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl start crs
[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl start crs查看状态
bash
[grid@rac2 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.chad
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 ONLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.DATANEW.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.DG_DATA.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.DG_FRA.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.DG_OCR.dg(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.asm(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Started,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Started,STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.asmnet1.asmnetwork(ora.asmgroup)
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.emrep.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
racle/product/19.3.0
/dbhome_1,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
racle/product/19.3.0
/dbhome_1,STABLE
ora.qosmserver
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.rac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------集群正常启动，恢复成功。