一、先统一目录(推荐放 D 盘)
Windows
cmd
mkdir D:\web-pm\npm
mkdir D:\web-pm\pnpm
mkdir D:\web-pm\yarn
macOS / Linux
bash
mkdir -p ~/web-pm/npm
mkdir -p ~/web-pm/pnpm
mkdir -p ~/web-pm/yarn
以后所有包管理器的全局包 + 缓存 都放在:
D:\web-pm 或 ~/web-pm
二、安装三大包管理器(npm 自带,只需装 pnpm + yarn)
1. npm(Node.js 自带,不用装)
安装 Node.js 自动带 npm
2. 安装 pnpm(推荐)
bash
npm install -g pnpm
3. 安装 yarn(经典版)
bash
npm install -g yarn
三、一键切换 国内镜像(淘宝镜像)
Windows
cmd
npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
pnpm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
yarn config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
macOS / Linux
bash
npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
pnpm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
yarn config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
四、统一修改:全局路径 + 缓存路径(最重要)
🔥 Windows 一键执行
cmd
npm config set prefix D:\web-pm\npm\global
npm config set cache D:\web-pm\npm\cache
pnpm config set store-dir D:\web-pm\pnpm\store
pnpm config set global-dir D:\web-pm\pnpm\global
pnpm config set global-bin-dir D:\web-pm\pnpm\global\bin
yarn config set cache-folder D:\web-pm\yarn\cache
yarn config set global-folder D:\web-pm\yarn\global
🔥 macOS / Linux 一键执行
bash
npm config set prefix ~/web-pm/npm/global
npm config set cache ~/web-pm/npm/cache
pnpm config set store-dir ~/web-pm/pnpm/store
pnpm config set global-dir ~/web-pm/pnpm/global
pnpm config set global-bin-dir ~/web-pm/pnpm/global/bin
yarn config set cache-folder ~/web-pm/yarn/cache
yarn config set global-folder ~/web-pm/yarn/global
五、配置环境变量(必须配置,否则全局命令用不了)
Windows
加到系统 PATH:
D:\web-pm\npm\global
D:\web-pm\pnpm\global\bin
D:\web-pm\yarn\global\node_modules\.bin
macOS / Linux(zsh)
bash
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/web-pm/npm/global/bin:$HOME/web-pm/pnpm/global/bin:$HOME/web-pm/yarn/global/node_modules/.bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc
bash 用:
bash
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/web-pm/npm/global/bin:$HOME/web-pm/pnpm/global/bin:$HOME/web-pm/yarn/global/node_modules/.bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
六、验证是否全部生效
bash
npm config get registry
npm config get prefix
npm config get cache
pnpm config get registry
pnpm store path
pnpm config get global-dir
yarn config get registry
yarn cache dir
yarn global dir
✔ 最终统一目录结构
web-pm/
├─ npm/
│ ├─ global 全局包
│ └─ cache 缓存
├─ pnpm/
│ ├─ global 全局包
│ └─ store 缓存仓库
└─ yarn/
├─ global 全局包
└─ cache 缓存