深夜告警炸裂？这份Linux故障排查“作战地图”请收好

1.安装环境准备

1.1.查看物理内存

$root@aiserver \~$ # free -m

1.2.操作系统版本

$root@aiserver \~$ # cat /etc/redhat-release

1.3.操作系统内存

$root@aiserver \~$ # df -h /dev/shm/

1.4.磁盘空间

$root@aiserver \~$ # df -TH

$root@aiserver \~$ # df -h /tmp/

$root@aiserver \~$ # df -h /u01

1.5.查看系统架构

$root@aiserver \~$ # uname -m

x86_64

$root@aiserver \~$ # cat /proc/version

1.6.解析/etc/hosts

$root@aiserver \~$ # hostname

aiserver

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF

192.168.1.1 aiserver

EOF

1.7.关闭防火墙还有selinux

systemctl status firewalld.service

systemctl stop firewalld.service

systemctl disable firewalld.service

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

2.创建用户和组

查看是否安装有Oracle软件

$root@aiserver \~$ # more /etc/oraInst.loc

查看是否已存在相关用户组

$root@aiserver \~$ # grep oinstall /etc/group

$root@aiserver \~$ # grep dba /etc/group

$root@aiserver \~$ # grep oper /etc/group

$root@aiserver \~$ # /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54321 oinstall

$root@aiserver \~$ # /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba

$root@aiserver \~$ # /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54323 oper

$root@aiserver \~$ # /usr/sbin/useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

--修改密码为oracle

$root@aiserver \~$ # passwd oracle

3.创建工作的目录

$root@aiserver \~$ # mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

$root@aiserver \~$ # chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/

$root@aiserver \~$ # chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

4.配置Oracle的环境变量

$oracle@aiserver \~$ $ vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/23.26.1/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=prod

export PATH= $ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ PATH:$HOME/bin

$oracle@aiserver \~$ $ source .bash_profile

$oracle@aiserver \~$ $ env | grep ORACLE

5.修改内核参数

以下在root用户下操作

cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak

cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << "EOF"

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.shmall = 751619276

kernel.shmmax = 3006477107

kernel.panic_on_oops = 1

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

EOF

kernel.shmall :物理内存的70%

kernel.shmmni=kernel.shmall/4

环境变量生效

sysctl --system

6./etc/profile配置

以下root用户操作

cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bak

cat >> /etc/profile << "EOF"

if $$USER = "oracle"$ ; then

if $$SHELL = "/bin/ksh"$ ; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

EOF

vi /etc/pam.d/login

session required pam_limits.so

7.修改资源限制

以下root用户操作

cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.bak

cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << "EOF"

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

EOF

8.yum安装依赖

$root@aiserver \~$ # mount | grep sr0

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

echo " $localREPO$ " >> /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repo

echo "name=localhost8" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repo

echo "baseurl=file:///mnt/BaseOS" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repo

echo "gpgcheck=0" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repo

echo "enabled=1" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repo

echo " $localREPO_APP$ " >> /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repo

echo "name=localhost8_app" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repo

echo "baseurl=file:///mnt/AppStream" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repo

echo "gpgcheck=0" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repo

echo "enabled=1" >> /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repo

$root@aiserver yum.repos.d$ # yum repolist

以下命令安装依赖包

yum install bc \

binutils \

compat-openssl10 \

elfutils-libelf \

fontconfig \

glibc \

glibc-devel \

ksh \

libaio \

libXrender \

libX11 \

libXau \

libXi \

libXtst \

libgcc \

libstdc++ \

libxcb \

libibverbs \

libasan \

liblsan \

librdmacm \

make \

policycoreutils \

policycoreutils-python-utils \

smartmontools \

sysstat -y

9.解压软件授权、

oracle用户下操作

$oracle@aiserver \~$ $ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/23.26.1/dbhome_1

oracle用户下操作

$oracle@aiserver \~$ $unzip /opt/LINUX.X64_2326100_db_home.zip -d$ ORACLE_HOME

10.静默安装Oracle数据库

10.1.编辑rsp文件

$oracle@aiserver \~$ $cd$ ORACLE_HOME/install/response

$oracle@aiserver response$ $ cp db_install.rsp /tmp

vi /tmp/db_install.rsp

修改db_install.rsp文件中以下内容

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/23.26.1/dbhome_1

InstallEdition=EE

OSDBA_GROUP=dba

OSOPER_GROUP=oper

OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba

OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba

OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba

OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba

dbType=GENERAL_PURPOSE

10.2.静默安装Oracle软件

$oracle@aiserver \~$ $cd$ ORACLE_HOME

./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /tmp/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

安装结束后需要以root用户执行以下两个脚本

/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/u01/app/oracle/product/23.26.1/dbhome_1/root.sh

11.监听创建

静默配置监听

$oracle@aiserver \~$ $netca -silent -responseFile$ ORACLE_HOME/assistants/netca/netca.rsp

12.dbca建库

12.1.编辑dbca.rsp安装文件

$oracle@aiserver \~$ $cd$ ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca

$oracle@aiserver dbca$ $ cp dbca.rsp /tmp

$oracle@aiserver \~$ $ vi /tmp/dbca.rsp

responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v23.0.0

gdbName=prod

sid=prod

databaseConfigType=SI

createAsContainerDatabase=true

numberOfPDBs=2

pdbName=prod

templateName=General_Purpose.dbc

oracleHomeUserPassword=oracle

totalMemory=1500

sysPassword=oracle

systemPassword=oracle

datafileDestination=/u01/app/oracle/oradata

characterSet=AL32UTF8

nationalCharacterSet=UTF8

databaseType=OLTP

注意：templateName、createAsContainerDatabase必須指定

12.2.静默安装数据库

$oracle@aiserver \~$ $ dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /tmp/dbca.rsp

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