前端vue3后端springboot如何实现图片压缩-免费无限制压缩

hexu_blog2026-05-19 9:04

在没有写这个功能之前，我压缩图片用得最多的是这个工具，相信大家也使用过，但这个工具有个不好的点，有时候无法满足我自己的业务需求，比如上传图片大小有限制，超过5M的就不让操作了，批量压缩数量只要多一点就被限制了，而且要收费，想要压缩的大小也无法指定；想着还是自己写一个吧

我要做的是免费能帮助大家的实用工具，我做的目的就是能自由选择大小压缩，无限制免费使用，支持批量；如果有喜欢的可以点击收藏一下，创作不容易：在线免费图片压缩-支持批量

前端后端实现方式：前端就是一些简单的样式编写，上面就是我自己随便编写的样式，想做的可以按照自己的思路去调整；后端处理想要做效果必须使用：（ImageMagick或者Ffmpeg）,最终效果肯定是ImageMagick最好，Ffmpeg次之，其他的工具不推荐；在自己的服务器或者本地环境安装上这个软件，代码中直接使用命令调用；下面我就把后端代码开放出来，想要前后端的完整代码的，可以进入点透办公：https://office.zjdiante.com/developer 联系我

后端代码如下：controller层

java 复制代码 
 /**
     * 图片压缩接口（本机 ImageMagick {@code magick}，见 {@link FfmpegImageCompressUtils}）。按压缩比例 10%～70% 处理；多文件每次最多 10 张，返回 ZIP。
     *
     * @param file            单文件上传（与 files 二选一）
     * @param files           多文件上传，最多 10 个；与 file 同时存在时以 files 为准
     * @param compressPercent 压缩强度 10～70，不传默认 30
     */
    @PostMapping("/compress")
    public ResponseEntity<?> compressImage(
            @RequestParam(value = "file", required = false) MultipartFile file,
            @RequestParam(value = "files", required = false) MultipartFile[] files,
            @RequestParam(value = "compressPercent", required = false) Integer compressPercent
    ) {

        try {
        List<MultipartFile> fileList = new ArrayList<>();
        if (files != null && files.length > 0) {
            for (MultipartFile f : files) {
                if (f != null && !f.isEmpty()) {
                    fileList.add(f);
                }
            }
        } else if (file != null && !file.isEmpty()) {
            fileList.add(file);
        }

        if (fileList.isEmpty()) {
            throw new ServiceException("上传的文件不能为空");
        }
        if (fileList.size() > 10) {
            throw new ServiceException("每次最多上传10张图片");
        }

        final long maxTotalBytes = 50L * 1024 * 1024;
        long totalBytes = 0L;
        for (MultipartFile f : fileList) {
            totalBytes += f.getSize();
        }
        if (totalBytes > maxTotalBytes) {
            throw new ServiceException("文件过大，请分批处理");
        }

        int percent = compressPercent != null ? compressPercent : 30;
        if (percent < 10 || percent > 70) {
            throw new ServiceException("压缩比例需在10%～70%之间");
        }
        percent = FfmpegImageCompressUtils.normalizeCompressPercent(percent);

  
        final long maxBytesPerFile = 20L * 1024 * 1024;
        for (MultipartFile f : fileList) {
            if (f.getSize() > maxBytesPerFile) {
                throw new ServiceException("单张图片不能超过20MB");
            }
            String name = f.getOriginalFilename();
            if (name == null || !isSupportedImageFormat(name)) {
                throw new ServiceException("仅支持 PNG/JPG/JPEG/WebP/GIF/BMP 格式的图片");
            }
        }

        try {
            if (fileList.size() == 1) {
                MultipartFile mf = fileList.get(0);
                String originalFilename = mf.getOriginalFilename();
                byte[] raw = IoUtil.readBytes(mf.getInputStream());
                byte[] compressedBytes = FfmpegImageCompressUtils.compressBytes(
                        raw, originalFilename, null, percent);
                HttpHeaders headers = buildCompressResponseHeaders(originalFilename, compressedBytes);
                return new ResponseEntity<>(compressedBytes, headers, HttpStatus.OK);
            }

            ByteArrayOutputStream zipBuffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            try (ZipOutputStream zos = new ZipOutputStream(zipBuffer)) {
                int index = 0;
                for (MultipartFile mf : fileList) {
                    String originalFilename = mf.getOriginalFilename();
                    byte[] raw = IoUtil.readBytes(mf.getInputStream());
                    byte[] compressedBytes = FfmpegImageCompressUtils.compressBytes(raw, originalFilename, null, percent);
                    String entryName = safeZipEntryName(originalFilename, index++, compressedBytes);
                    zos.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry(entryName));
                    zos.write(compressedBytes);
                    zos.closeEntry();
                }
            }
            byte[] zipBytes = zipBuffer.toByteArray();
            HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
            headers.setContentType(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/zip"));
            String zipName = "compressed_images_" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".zip";
            headers.setContentDisposition(
                    ContentDisposition.builder("attachment").filename(zipName, StandardCharsets.UTF_8).build());
            return new ResponseEntity<>(zipBytes, headers, HttpStatus.OK);

        } catch (ServiceException e) {
            throw e;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("图片压缩失败: {}", e.getMessage());
            throw new ServiceException("服务正忙，请稍后再试！");
        }
    }

utils工具类

java 复制代码 
package com.ruoyi.basicTool.imageTool.utils;

import cn.hutool.core.io.IoUtil;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;

/**
 * 使用本机已安装的 ImageMagick（{@code magick}）进行图片压缩（不依赖第三方在线服务）。
 * <p>可执行文件解析顺序：系统属性 {@code imagemagick.binary} → 环境变量 {@code IMAGEMAGICK_BINARY} → 默认 {@code magick}。</p>
 */
public final class FfmpegImageCompressUtils {

    private FfmpegImageCompressUtils() {
    }

    public static InputStream compressBase(InputStream imageStream, String originalFilename) throws Exception {
        if (imageStream == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("图片流不能为空");
        }
        byte[] original = IoUtil.readBytes(imageStream);
        if (original.length == 0) {
            throw new Exception("图片流内容为空，无法压缩");
        }
        byte[] out = compressBytes(original, originalFilename, null, null);
        return new ByteArrayInputStream(out);
    }

    public static InputStream compressToTargetSize(InputStream imageStream, int targetSizeKB, String originalFilename) throws Exception {
        if (imageStream == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("图片流不能为空");
        }
        int actualTarget = targetSizeKB <= 0 ? 10 : targetSizeKB;
        byte[] original = IoUtil.readBytes(imageStream);
        if (original.length == 0) {
            throw new Exception("图片流内容为空，无法压缩");
        }
        byte[] out = compressBytes(original, originalFilename, actualTarget, null);
        return new ByteArrayInputStream(out);
    }

    /**
     * @param targetSizeKB 目标上限（KB），{@code null} 表示不按目标体积迭代
     */
    public static byte[] compressBytes(byte[] inputBytes, String originalFilename, Integer targetSizeKB) throws Exception {
        return compressBytes(inputBytes, originalFilename, targetSizeKB, null);
    }

    /**
     * @param targetSizeKB    目标体积（KB），与开放平台按 KB 压缩一致；{@code null} 时不走该分支
     * @param compressPercent 压缩强度 10--70（数值越大目标体积越小）；与 targetSizeKB 互斥时优先 targetSizeKB。
     */
    public static byte[] compressBytes(byte[] inputBytes, String originalFilename, Integer targetSizeKB, Integer compressPercent) throws Exception {
        if (inputBytes == null || inputBytes.length == 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("图片数据为空");
        }
        String fn = StringUtils.isNotBlank(originalFilename) ? originalFilename : "image.jpg";
        String ext = suffixOf(fn);
        Path tempIn = null;
        Path tempOut = null;
        try {
            tempIn = Files.createTempFile("imc_in_", ext);
            Files.write(tempIn, inputBytes);
            if (targetSizeKB != null) {
                long targetBytes = (long) targetSizeKB * 1024L;
                return compressToTargetBytes(tempIn, ext, targetBytes);
            }
            if (compressPercent != null) {
                int p = normalizeCompressPercent(compressPercent);
                long targetBytes = computeTargetBytesForSlider(inputBytes.length, p);
                return compressToTargetBytes(tempIn, ext, targetBytes);
            }
            String outExt = outputExtensionForBase(ext);
            tempOut = Files.createTempFile("imc_out_", outExt);
            runMagickBase(tempIn, tempOut, ext);
            return Files.readAllBytes(tempOut);
        } finally {
            deleteQuietly(tempIn);
            deleteQuietly(tempOut);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 将滑块 10～70 映射为「目标文件大小 / 原大小」比例：10→约 92%，40→约 60%，55→约 41%，70→约 28%。
     */
    static long computeTargetBytesForSlider(long originalSize, int percent) {
        if (originalSize <= 0) {
            return 4096;
        }
        int p = normalizeCompressPercent(percent);
        double retention = 0.92 - (p - 10) / 60.0 * 0.64;
        if (retention < 0.12) {
            retention = 0.12;
        }
        long target = (long) Math.ceil(originalSize * retention);
        target = Math.min(target, originalSize - 1);
        target = Math.max(target, 4096L);
        if (target >= originalSize) {
            target = Math.max(4096L, originalSize * 3 / 4);
        }
        return target;
    }

    /** 压缩强度 10（较轻）～70（较重），超出范围则钳制。 */
    public static int normalizeCompressPercent(int raw) {
        int p = raw;
        if (p < 10) {
            p = 10;
        }
        if (p > 70) {
            p = 70;
        }
        return p;
    }

    private static byte[] compressToTargetBytes(Path tempIn, String ext, long targetBytes) throws Exception {
        String lower = ext.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
        if (".jpg".equals(lower) || ".jpeg".equals(lower)) {
            return jpegQualitySearch(tempIn, targetBytes, ".jpg");
        }
        if (".png".equals(lower)) {
            return pngTryCompress(tempIn, targetBytes);
        }
        if (".webp".equals(lower)) {
            return webpQualitySearch(tempIn, targetBytes);
        }
        if (".gif".equals(lower)) {
            return gifTryCompress(tempIn, targetBytes);
        }
        if (".bmp".equals(lower)) {
            return bmpTryCompress(tempIn, targetBytes);
        }
        Path tmpOut = Files.createTempFile("imc_fb_", outputExtensionForBase(ext));
        try {
            runMagickBase(tempIn, tmpOut, ext);
            return Files.readAllBytes(tmpOut);
        } finally {
            deleteQuietly(tmpOut);
        }
    }

    private static byte[] jpegQualitySearch(Path tempIn, long targetBytes, String outSuffix) throws Exception {
        byte[] best = null;
        long bestLen = Long.MAX_VALUE;
        for (int q = 92; q >= 18; q -= 3) {
            Path out = Files.createTempFile("imc_j_", outSuffix);
            try {
                runMagick(out, buildCmdJpeg(tempIn, out, q));
                byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(out);
                if (bytes.length <= targetBytes) {
                    return bytes;
                }
                if (bytes.length < bestLen) {
                    bestLen = bytes.length;
                    best = bytes;
                }
            } finally {
                deleteQuietly(out);
            }
        }
        long kb = Math.max(1L, targetBytes / 1024L);
        Path extentOut = Files.createTempFile("imc_je_", outSuffix);
        try {
            runMagick(extentOut, buildCmdJpegExtent(tempIn, extentOut, kb));
            byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(extentOut);
            if (bytes.length <= targetBytes) {
                return bytes;
            }
            if (bytes.length < bestLen) {
                bestLen = bytes.length;
                best = bytes;
            }
        } catch (Exception ignored) {
            // extent 在部分版本/图上可能不可用，忽略并走缩放
        } finally {
            deleteQuietly(extentOut);
        }
        double[] scales = {0.9, 0.75, 0.6, 0.45, 0.3};
        for (double s : scales) {
            Path scaled = Files.createTempFile("imc_sc_", ".jpg");
            try {
                runMagick(scaled, buildCmdScaleToJpeg(tempIn, scaled, s, 82));
                byte[] trySmaller = jpegQualitySearch(scaled, targetBytes, ".jpg");
                if (trySmaller.length <= targetBytes) {
                    return trySmaller;
                }
                if (trySmaller.length < bestLen) {
                    bestLen = trySmaller.length;
                    best = trySmaller;
                }
            } finally {
                deleteQuietly(scaled);
            }
        }
        return best != null ? best : Files.readAllBytes(tempIn);
    }

    private static byte[] webpQualitySearch(Path tempIn, long targetBytes) throws Exception {
        byte[] best = null;
        long bestLen = Long.MAX_VALUE;
        for (int q = 95; q >= 10; q -= 5) {
            Path out = Files.createTempFile("imc_w_", ".webp");
            try {
                runMagick(out, buildCmdWebp(tempIn, out, q));
                byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(out);
                if (bytes.length <= targetBytes) {
                    return bytes;
                }
                if (bytes.length < bestLen) {
                    bestLen = bytes.length;
                    best = bytes;
                }
            } finally {
                deleteQuietly(out);
            }
        }
        double[] scales = {0.9, 0.75, 0.6, 0.45, 0.3};
        for (double s : scales) {
            for (int q = 85; q >= 10; q -= 5) {
                Path scaled = Files.createTempFile("imc_ws_", ".webp");
                try {
                    runMagick(scaled, buildCmdScaleWebp(tempIn, scaled, s, q));
                    byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(scaled);
                    if (bytes.length <= targetBytes) {
                        return bytes;
                    }
                    if (bytes.length < bestLen) {
                        bestLen = bytes.length;
                        best = bytes;
                    }
                } finally {
                    deleteQuietly(scaled);
                }
            }
        }
        return best != null ? best : Files.readAllBytes(tempIn);
    }

    private static byte[] pngTryCompress(Path tempIn, long targetBytes) throws Exception {
        byte[] best = null;
        long bestLen = Long.MAX_VALUE;
        Path out = Files.createTempFile("imc_p_", ".png");
        try {
            runMagick(out, buildCmdPng(tempIn, out, 9));
            byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(out);
            best = bytes;
            bestLen = bytes.length;
            if (bytes.length <= targetBytes) {
                return bytes;
            }
        } finally {
            deleteQuietly(out);
        }
        double[] scales = {0.95, 0.85, 0.7, 0.55, 0.4, 0.3};
        for (double s : scales) {
            Path scaled = Files.createTempFile("imc_ps_", ".png");
            try {
                runMagick(scaled, buildCmdScalePng(tempIn, scaled, s));
                byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(scaled);
                if (bytes.length < bestLen) {
                    bestLen = bytes.length;
                    best = bytes;
                }
                if (bytes.length <= targetBytes) {
                    return bytes;
                }
            } finally {
                deleteQuietly(scaled);
            }
        }
        return best != null ? best : Files.readAllBytes(tempIn);
    }

    private static byte[] gifTryCompress(Path tempIn, long targetBytes) throws Exception {
        byte[] best = null;
        long bestLen = Long.MAX_VALUE;
        Path out = Files.createTempFile("imc_g_", ".gif");
        try {
            runMagick(out, buildCmdGif(tempIn, out));
            byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(out);
            best = bytes;
            bestLen = bytes.length;
            if (bytes.length <= targetBytes) {
                return bytes;
            }
        } finally {
            deleteQuietly(out);
        }
        double[] scales = {0.9, 0.75, 0.6, 0.45, 0.3};
        for (double s : scales) {
            Path scaled = Files.createTempFile("imc_gs_", ".gif");
            try {
                runMagick(scaled, buildCmdScaleGif(tempIn, scaled, s));
                byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(scaled);
                if (bytes.length < bestLen) {
                    bestLen = bytes.length;
                    best = bytes;
                }
                if (bytes.length <= targetBytes) {
                    return bytes;
                }
            } finally {
                deleteQuietly(scaled);
            }
        }
        return best != null ? best : Files.readAllBytes(tempIn);
    }

    private static byte[] bmpTryCompress(Path tempIn, long targetBytes) throws Exception {
        byte[] best = null;
        long bestLen = Long.MAX_VALUE;
        Path out = Files.createTempFile("imc_bm_", ".bmp");
        try {
            runMagick(out, buildCmdBmp(tempIn, out));
            byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(out);
            best = bytes;
            bestLen = bytes.length;
            if (bytes.length <= targetBytes) {
                return bytes;
            }
        } finally {
            deleteQuietly(out);
        }
        double[] scales = {0.95, 0.85, 0.7, 0.55, 0.4, 0.3};
        for (double s : scales) {
            Path scaled = Files.createTempFile("imc_bms_", ".bmp");
            try {
                runMagick(scaled, buildCmdScaleBmp(tempIn, scaled, s));
                byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(scaled);
                if (bytes.length < bestLen) {
                    bestLen = bytes.length;
                    best = bytes;
                }
                if (bytes.length <= targetBytes) {
                    return bytes;
                }
            } finally {
                deleteQuietly(scaled);
            }
        }
        return best != null ? best : Files.readAllBytes(tempIn);
    }

    private static void runMagickBase(Path tempIn, Path tempOut, String ext) throws Exception {
        String lower = ext.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
        List<String> cmd;
        if (".jpg".equals(lower) || ".jpeg".equals(lower)) {
            cmd = buildCmdJpeg(tempIn, tempOut, 85);
        } else if (".png".equals(lower)) {
            cmd = buildCmdPng(tempIn, tempOut, 9);
        } else if (".webp".equals(lower)) {
            cmd = buildCmdWebp(tempIn, tempOut, 78);
        } else if (".bmp".equals(lower)) {
            cmd = buildCmdBmp(tempIn, tempOut);
        } else if (".gif".equals(lower)) {
            cmd = buildCmdGif(tempIn, tempOut);
        } else {
            cmd = buildCmdBaseToJpeg(tempIn, tempOut, 85);
        }
        runMagick(tempOut, cmd);
    }

    private static List<String> buildCmdJpeg(Path in, Path out, int quality) {
        List<String> c = new ArrayList<>();
        c.add(ImageMagickRunUtils.magickBinary());
        c.add(in.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        c.add("-quality");
        c.add(String.valueOf(quality));
        c.add(out.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        return c;
    }

    /** 尝试用 JPEG extent 约束体积（部分 ImageMagick 版本支持）。 */
    private static List<String> buildCmdJpegExtent(Path in, Path out, long extentKb) {
        List<String> c = new ArrayList<>();
        c.add(ImageMagickRunUtils.magickBinary());
        c.add(in.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        c.add("-define");
        c.add("jpeg:extent=" + extentKb + "kb");
        c.add(out.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        return c;
    }

    private static List<String> buildCmdBaseToJpeg(Path in, Path out, int quality) {
        return buildCmdJpeg(in, out, quality);
    }

    private static List<String> buildCmdScaleToJpeg(Path in, Path out, double factor, int quality) {
        String resize = String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%.2f%%", factor * 100.0);
        List<String> c = new ArrayList<>();
        c.add(ImageMagickRunUtils.magickBinary());
        c.add(in.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        c.add("-resize");
        c.add(resize);
        c.add("-quality");
        c.add(String.valueOf(quality));
        c.add(out.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        return c;
    }

    private static List<String> buildCmdPng(Path in, Path out, int compressionLevel) {
        List<String> c = new ArrayList<>();
        c.add(ImageMagickRunUtils.magickBinary());
        c.add(in.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        c.add("-define");
        c.add("png:compression-level=" + compressionLevel);
        c.add(out.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        return c;
    }

    private static List<String> buildCmdScalePng(Path in, Path out, double factor) {
        String resize = String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%.2f%%", factor * 100.0);
        List<String> c = new ArrayList<>();
        c.add(ImageMagickRunUtils.magickBinary());
        c.add(in.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        c.add("-resize");
        c.add(resize);
        c.add("-define");
        c.add("png:compression-level=9");
        c.add(out.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        return c;
    }

    private static List<String> buildCmdWebp(Path in, Path out, int quality) {
        List<String> c = new ArrayList<>();
        c.add(ImageMagickRunUtils.magickBinary());
        c.add(in.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        c.add("-quality");
        c.add(String.valueOf(quality));
        c.add(out.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        return c;
    }

    private static List<String> buildCmdBmp(Path in, Path out) {
        List<String> c = new ArrayList<>();
        c.add(ImageMagickRunUtils.magickBinary());
        c.add(in.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        c.add(out.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        return c;
    }

    private static List<String> buildCmdScaleBmp(Path in, Path out, double factor) {
        String resize = String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%.2f%%", factor * 100.0);
        List<String> c = new ArrayList<>();
        c.add(ImageMagickRunUtils.magickBinary());
        c.add(in.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        c.add("-resize");
        c.add(resize);
        c.add(out.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        return c;
    }

    private static List<String> buildCmdScaleWebp(Path in, Path out, double factor, int quality) {
        String resize = String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%.2f%%", factor * 100.0);
        List<String> c = new ArrayList<>();
        c.add(ImageMagickRunUtils.magickBinary());
        c.add(in.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        c.add("-resize");
        c.add(resize);
        c.add("-quality");
        c.add(String.valueOf(quality));
        c.add(out.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        return c;
    }

    private static List<String> buildCmdScaleGif(Path in, Path out, double factor) {
        String resize = String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%.2f%%", factor * 100.0);
        List<String> c = new ArrayList<>();
        c.add(ImageMagickRunUtils.magickBinary());
        c.add(in.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        c.add("-coalesce");
        c.add("-resize");
        c.add(resize);
        c.add("-layers");
        c.add("optimize");
        c.add(out.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        return c;
    }

    private static List<String> buildCmdGif(Path in, Path out) {
        List<String> c = new ArrayList<>();
        c.add(ImageMagickRunUtils.magickBinary());
        c.add(in.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        c.add("-coalesce");
        c.add("-layers");
        c.add("optimize");
        c.add(out.toAbsolutePath().toString());
        return c;
    }

    private static String outputExtensionForBase(String ext) {
        return ext;
    }

    private static void runMagick(Path expectedOut, List<String> cmd) throws Exception {
        ImageMagickRunUtils.runMagick(expectedOut, cmd);
    }

    private static void deleteQuietly(Path p) {
        if (p == null) {
            return;
        }
        try {
            Files.deleteIfExists(p);
        } catch (IOException ignored) {
            // ignore
        }
    }

    private static String suffixOf(String filename) {
        int i = filename.lastIndexOf('.');
        return i >= 0 ? filename.substring(i).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT) : ".jpg";
    }
}
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