ansible编辑 - 技术栈

题目1

使用debug模块，显示当前受管主机的dns服务器的ip地址
解析：

bash 复制代码

1.先创建一个文件
[devops@master chap03]$ vim test1.yml

2.写入要求
[devops@master chap03]$ cat test1.yml
---
- name: show dns.ip
  hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: show dns_ipaddress
      debug:
         var: ansible_facts.dns.nameservers #获取每个主机的dns

3.运行
[devops@master chap03]$ ansible-playbook test1.yml

结果：

bash 复制代码

结果
[devops@master chap03]$ ansible-playbook test1.yml

PLAY [show dns.ip] ****************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************
ok: [master]
ok: [node01]
ok: [node02]

TASK [show dns_ipaddress] *********************************************************
ok: [node02] => {
    "ansible_facts.dns.nameservers": [
        "114.114.114.114"
    ]
}
ok: [master] => {
    "ansible_facts.dns.nameservers": [
        "114.114.114.114"
    ]
}
ok: [node01] => {
    "ansible_facts.dns.nameservers": [
        "114.114.114.114"
    ]
}

PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************
master                     : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skip                                                                                                           ped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0
node01                     : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skip                                                                                                           ped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0
node02                     : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skip                                                                                                           ped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

题目2

将example.conf文件复制到/etc/httpd/conf.d/目录，example.conf文件内容如下：

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<virtualhost *:80>
servername 0.0.0.0
documentroot /var/www/html
</virtualhost>
<directory /var/www/html>
allowoverride none
require all granted
</directory>

解析：1).首先查看一下有没有/etc/httpd/conf.d/目录没有的话要进行安装httpd服务
怎么安装？

bash 复制代码

若是在普通用户里，需要提权才可以下载
[devops@master chap03]$ sudo yum install httpd -y


若是在root里
[root@master ~]# yum install httpd -y

也可以写在文件里面

[devops@master chap03]$ cat test2.yml
---
- name: copy content
  hosts: master
  tasks:
    - name: install httpd #安装httpd
      yum:
        name: httpd
        state: present
    - name: copy
      copy:
        src:  ./example.conf
        dest: /etc/httpd/conf.d

2).接下来就是写playbook

bash 复制代码

1.同样创建文件
[devops@master chap03]$ vim test2.yml

2.写入
[devops@master chap03]$ cat test2.yml
---
- name: copy content
  hosts: master
  tasks:
    - name: install httpd #安装httpd
      yum:
        name: httpd
        state: present
    - name: copy
      copy:
        src:  ./example.conf
        dest: /etc/httpd/conf.d
3.运行
[devops@master chap03]$ ansible-playbook test2.yml

PLAY [copy content] ******************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ***************************************************************************
ok: [master]

TASK [install httpd]  *****************************************************************************
ok: [master]

TASK [copy] **************************************************************************************
changed: [master]

PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************
master                     : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

3).最后检查，查看是否复制到要求的目录下面

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[devops@master chap03]$ ll /etc/httpd/conf.d/
总用量 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2916  7月 20  2023 autoindex.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  158  6月  7 20:21 example.conf #这个
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  400  7月 20  2023 README
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1252  7月 20  2023 userdir.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  653  7月 20  2023 welcome.conf
[devops@master chap03]$ cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/example.conf
<virtualhost *:80>
servername 0.0.0.0
documentroot /var/www/html
</virtualhost>
<directory /var/www/html>
allowoverride none
require all granted
</directory>

如果/etc/httpd/conf.d/目录下的文件更新，则重启httpd服务。配置/var/www/html/index.html文件内
容如下：

bash 复制代码

zuoye

1）写入

bash 复制代码

[devops@master chap03]$ cat test2.yml
---
- name: copy content
  hosts: master
  tasks:
    - name: install httpd
      yum:
        name: httpd
        state: present
    - name: copy #复制配置文件，文件更新时触发重启
      copy:
        src:  ./example.conf
        dest: /etc/httpd/conf.d
      notify: restart httpd #会触发handlers
    - name: write content
      copy:
        content: "zuoye\n"
        dest: /var/www/html/index.html
    - name: start and enable httpd #确保服务启动并设置开机自启
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: started
        enabled: yes

  handlers: #被notify触发的重启服务任务
    - name: restart httpd
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: restarted

2）运行和检查

bash 复制代码

1.运行文件
[devops@master chap03]$ ansible-playbook test2.yml

PLAY [copy content] ****************************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************
ok: [master]

TASK [install httpd] ***************************************************************************************************
ok: [master]

TASK [copy] ************************************************************************************************************
ok: [master]

TASK [write content] ***************************************************************************************************
ok: [master]

TASK [start and enable httpd] ******************************************************************************************
changed: [master]

PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************
master                     : ok=5    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

2.查看httpd服务状态
[devops@master chap03]$ systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sun 2026-06-07 21:14:03 CST; 12s ago
       Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
   Main PID: 31925 (httpd)
     Status: "Total requests: 0; Idle/Busy workers 100/0;Requests/sec: 0; Bytes served/sec:   0 B/sec"
      Tasks: 213 (limit: 10681)
     Memory: 23.6M
        CPU: 53ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
             ├─31925 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             ├─31926 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             ├─31927 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             ├─31928 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
             └─31929 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
3.查看/var/www/html/index.html是否写入内容
[devops@master chap03]$ cat /var/www/html/index.html
zuoye

题目3

向受管主机的/home/file文件里面写入内容如下：

bash 复制代码

hostname=当前主机的名字
memory=当前主机的内存大小
BIOS version=当前主机的bios的版本
distribution=当前linux主机的发行版本信息
Size of disk device is 当前主机的磁盘大小

bash 复制代码

最好先查看一下磁盘 （由于我是在普通用户里所以需要提权 用sudo）
[devops@master chap03]$ sudo lsblk
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sr0            11:0    1  9.8G  0 rom  /mnt
nvme0n1       259:0    0  100G  0 disk  （主要的）
├─nvme0n1p1   259:1    0    1G  0 part /boot/efi
├─nvme0n1p2   259:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p3   259:3    0   98G  0 part
  ├─rhel-root 253:0    0   94G  0 lvm  /
  └─rhel-swap 253:1    0    4G  0 lvm  [SWAP]

[devops@master chap03]$ vim test4.yml
---
- name: wirte
  hosts: all
  gather_facts: yes
  tasks:
    - name: write /home/file
      copy:
        content: |
          hostname={{ ansible_facts.hostname }}
          memory={{ ansible_facts.memtotal_mb }}MB
          BIOS version={{ ansible_facts.bios_version }}
          distribution={{ ansible_facts.distribution }} {{ansible_facts.distribution_version }}
          这里最好要查看一下自己的磁盘
          Size of disk device is {{ ansible_facts.devices.nvme0n1.size }} 
        dest: /home/file

运行和查看结果：

bash 复制代码

运行文件
[devops@master chap03]$ ansible-playbook test4.yml

PLAY [wirte] ***********************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************
ok: [node01]
ok: [node02]
ok: [master]

TASK [write /home/file] ************************************************************************************
changed: [node02]
changed: [master]
changed: [node01]

PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************
master                     : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0
node01                     : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0
node02                     : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

查看是否写入 /home/file
[devops@master chap03]$ ansible all -m command -a "cat /home/file"
node01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hostname=node01
memory=1731MB
BIOS version=VMW201.00V.24006586.B64.2406042154
distribution=RedHat 9.3
Size of disk device is 100.00 GB
node02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hostname=node02
memory=1731MB
BIOS version=VMW201.00V.24006586.B64.2406042154
distribution=RedHat 9.3
Size of disk device is 100.00 GB
master | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hostname=master
memory=1731MB
BIOS version=VMW201.00V.24006586.B64.2406042154
distribution=RedHat 9.3
Size of disk device is 100.00 GB

题目4

如果当前受管主机的根分区容量大于1G，则安装httpd和mariadb-server软件包，如果httpd和
mariadb服务未运行则运行该服务。
①写入文件

bash 复制代码

[devops@master chap03]$ vim test4.yml
---
- name: Server
  hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: install httpd and mariadb-server
      yum:
        name:
          - httpd
          - mariadb-server
        state: present
      loop: "{{ ansible_mounts }}"
      when:
# 核心判断逻辑：筛选挂载点为 "/" 且总大小大于 1GB (1073741824 字节）
        - item.mount == "/" 
        - item.size_total > 1073741824 
      register: install_result
    - name: start httpd and mariadb-server
      service:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: started # 确保服务正在运行
        enable: yes   # 确保开机自启
      loop:
        - httpd
        - mariadb-server
      when: install_result is changed
~

运行结果：

bash 复制代码

[devops@master chap03]$ ansible-playbook test4.yml

PLAY [Server] ******************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************
ok: [node01]
ok: [master]
ok: [node02]

TASK [install httpd and mariadb-server] ****************************************
ok: [node01] => (item={'mount': '/', 'device': '/dev/mapper/rhel-root', 'fstype': 'xfs', 'options': 'rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota', 'size_total': 100860428288, 'size_available': 95579623424, 'block_size': 4096, 'block_total': 24624128, 'block_available': 23334869, 'block_used': 1289259, 'inode_total': 49281024, 'inode_available': 49149954, 'inode_used': 131070, 'uuid': '8ecbab0b-3af9-4543-95db-092759691ada'})
skipping: [node01] => (item={'mount': '/boot', 'device': '/dev/nvme0n1p2', 'fstype': 'xfs', 'options': 'rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota', 'size_total': 1006632960, 'size_available': 701554688, 'block_size': 4096, 'block_total': 245760, 'block_available': 171278, 'block_used': 74482, 'inode_total': 524288, 'inode_available': 524266, 'inode_used': 22, 'uuid': 'e587d8ff-9c31-4801-a7b4-6e5b5b278043'})
skipping: [node01] => (item={'mount': '/boot/efi', 'device': '/dev/nvme0n1p1', 'fstype': 'vfat', 'options': 'rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=winnt,errors=remount-ro', 'size_total': 1071628288, 'size_available': 1064316928, 'block_size': 4096, 'block_total': 261628, 'block_available': 259843, 'block_used': 1785, 'inode_total': 0, 'inode_available': 0, 'inode_used': 0, 'uuid': 'AAAB-1E85'})
skipping: [node01] => (item={'mount': '/mnt', 'device': '/dev/sr0', 'fstype': 'iso9660', 'options': 'ro,relatime,nojoliet,check=s,map=n,blocksize=2048', 'size_total': 10528546816, 'size_available': 0, 'block_size': 2048, 'block_total': 5140892, 'block_available': 0, 'block_used': 5140892, 'inode_total': 0, 'inode_available': 0, 'inode_used': 0, 'uuid': '2023-10-25-09-17-25-00'})
ok: [node02] => (item={'mount': '/', 'device': '/dev/mapper/rhel-root', 'fstype': 'xfs', 'options': 'rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota', 'size_total': 100860428288, 'size_available': 95645716480, 'block_size': 4096, 'block_total': 24624128, 'block_available': 23351005, 'block_used': 1273123, 'inode_total': 49281024, 'inode_available': 49149959, 'inode_used': 131065, 'uuid': '8ecbab0b-3af9-4543-95db-092759691ada'})
skipping: [node02] => (item={'mount': '/boot', 'device': '/dev/nvme0n1p2', 'fstype': 'xfs', 'options': 'rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota', 'size_total': 1006632960, 'size_available': 701554688, 'block_size': 4096, 'block_total': 245760, 'block_available': 171278, 'block_used': 74482, 'inode_total': 524288, 'inode_available': 524266, 'inode_used': 22, 'uuid': 'e587d8ff-9c31-4801-a7b4-6e5b5b278043'})
skipping: [node02] => (item={'mount': '/boot/efi', 'device': '/dev/nvme0n1p1', 'fstype': 'vfat', 'options': 'rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=winnt,errors=remount-ro', 'size_total': 1071628288, 'size_available': 1064316928, 'block_size': 4096, 'block_total': 261628, 'block_available': 259843, 'block_used': 1785, 'inode_total': 0, 'inode_available': 0, 'inode_used': 0, 'uuid': 'AAAB-1E85'})
skipping: [node02] => (item={'mount': '/mnt', 'device': '/dev/sr0', 'fstype': 'iso9660', 'options': 'ro,relatime,nojoliet,check=s,map=n,blocksize=2048', 'size_total': 10528546816, 'size_available': 0, 'block_size': 2048, 'block_total': 5140892, 'block_available': 0, 'block_used': 5140892, 'inode_total': 0, 'inode_available': 0, 'inode_used': 0, 'uuid': '2023-10-25-09-17-25-00'})
ok: [master] => (item={'mount': '/', 'device': '/dev/mapper/rhel-root', 'fstype': 'xfs', 'options': 'rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota', 'size_total': 100860428288, 'size_available': 95464501248, 'block_size': 4096, 'block_total': 24624128, 'block_available': 23306763, 'block_used': 1317365, 'inode_total': 49281024, 'inode_available': 49137753, 'inode_used': 143271, 'uuid': '8ecbab0b-3af9-4543-95db-092759691ada'})
skipping: [master] => (item={'mount': '/boot', 'device': '/dev/nvme0n1p2', 'fstype': 'xfs', 'options': 'rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota', 'size_total': 1006632960, 'size_available': 701554688, 'block_size': 4096, 'block_total': 245760, 'block_available': 171278, 'block_used': 74482, 'inode_total': 524288, 'inode_available': 524266, 'inode_used': 22, 'uuid': 'e587d8ff-9c31-4801-a7b4-6e5b5b278043'})
skipping: [master] => (item={'mount': '/boot/efi', 'device': '/dev/nvme0n1p1', 'fstype': 'vfat', 'options': 'rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=winnt,errors=remount-ro', 'size_total': 1071628288, 'size_available': 1064316928, 'block_size': 4096, 'block_total': 261628, 'block_available': 259843, 'block_used': 1785, 'inode_total': 0, 'inode_available': 0, 'inode_used': 0, 'uuid': 'AAAB-1E85'})
skipping: [master] => (item={'mount': '/mnt', 'device': '/dev/sr0', 'fstype': 'iso9660', 'options': 'ro,relatime,nojoliet,check=s,map=n,blocksize=2048', 'size_total': 10528546816, 'size_available': 0, 'block_size': 2048, 'block_total': 5140892, 'block_available': 0, 'block_used': 5140892, 'inode_total': 0, 'inode_available': 0, 'inode_used': 0, 'uuid': '2023-10-25-09-17-25-00'})

TASK [start httpd and mariadb-server] ******************************************
skipping: [node02] => (item=httpd)
skipping: [node02] => (item=mariadb-server)
skipping: [node02]
skipping: [master] => (item=httpd)
skipping: [master] => (item=mariadb-server)
skipping: [master]
skipping: [node01] => (item=httpd)
skipping: [node01] => (item=mariadb-server)
skipping: [node01]

PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
master                     : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0
node01                     : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0
node02                     : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0

题目5

创建一个playbook，要求如下:
该playbook运行在所有受控节点
该playbook覆盖/etc/message文件的内容
在dev主机组的主机上，内容是:Development
在test主机组的主机上，内容是:Test

1)首先创建一个playbook叫做test5.yml,并写入要求

bash 复制代码

[devops@master chap03]$ vim test5.yml
---
- name: cover /etc/message content
  hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: dev
      copy:
        content: "Development\n"
        dest: /etc/message
      when: "'dev' in group_names" #只有当主机在"dev"这个主机组里面才可以执行上面
    - name: test
      copy:
        content: "Test\n"
        dest: /etc/message
      when: "'test' in group_names" #只有当主机在"test"这个主机组里面才可以执行上面

2). 对主机组进行配对（我的分配）

dev组

master
node01

test组:

node02

bash 复制代码

注意该inventory文件必须要与你要执行的文件要在同一个目录下面，
才可以执行
[devops@master chap03]$ cat inventory
master
node01
node02

[dev]
master
node01

[test]
node02

[webservers]
master
[dbservers]
node01
[servers:children]
webservers
dbservers

3）运行和查看

bash 复制代码

运行文件
[devops@master chap03]$ ansible-playbook test5.yml

PLAY [cover /etc/message content] **********************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************
ok: [master]
ok: [node01]
ok: [node02]

TASK [dev] *********************************************************************
skipping: [node02]
changed: [master]
changed: [node01]

TASK [test] ********************************************************************
skipping: [master]
skipping: [node01]
changed: [node02]

PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
master                     : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0
node01                     : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0
node02                     : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0

查看结果是否写上
[devops@master chap03]$ ansible all -m command -a "cat /etc/message"
node02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Test
node01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Development
master | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Development